Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5
Άγιος Νικόλαος Κρήτη 72100
2841026182
6032607174

Τετάρτη 11 Ιουλίου 2018

Syndrome d’activation macrophagique secondaire à une fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne

Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018

Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Author(s): A.-S. Bertrand, M. Fondain, P. Rullier, C. Fontaine, B. Guillot

Résumé
Introduction

Le syndrome d'activation macrophagique (SAM) est une pathologie rare de pronostic sévère définie par des critères cliniques, biologiques et cyto-histologiques. Les infections représentent une cause classique de SAM. Les SAM secondaires à une fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne sont rares ; seuls quelques cas sont rapportés dans la littérature.

Observations

Nous rapportons les cas de deux hommes de 77 et 63 ans qui avaient une éruption maculo-purpurique fébrile avec escarre d'inoculation associée à des anomalies biologiques comprenant cytopénie, hyperferritinémie et hypertriglycéridémie. Une hémophagocytose était présente dans les deux cas. La sérologie et la PCR Rickettsia conorii étaient positives en faveur d'une infection récente, confirmant le diagnostic de fièvre boutonneuse méditerranéenne (FBM). Ces éléments permettaient dans les deux cas de poser le diagnostic de SAM secondaire à une FBM.

Discussion

Le premier cas de SAM a été décrit en 1979. Seize cas de SAM secondaires à une FBM sont décrits dans la littérature. La présence d'une cytopénie associée à une hyperferritinémie et une hypertriglycéridémie au cours d'une FBM est fortement évocatrice du diagnostic de SAM. Le pronostic dépend du délai diagnostique et des facteurs propres à l'hôte. L'association d'immunosuppresseurs à l'antibiothérapie peut être nécessaire pour obtenir la guérison.

Conclusion

Les rickettsioses peuvent induire un syndrome d'hémophagocytose ; la survenue possible de cette complication de mauvais pronostic mérite d'être connue.

Summary
Introduction

Haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a rare disease with a severe prognosis that is defined by clinical, laboratory and histopathological criteria. Infections represent the classical cause of HS. HS secondary to Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is rare with only a few cases being reported in the literature.

Observations

We report two cases of HS secondary to MSF in 2 men aged 77 and 63 years presenting a febrile maculo-purpuric eruption with inoculation ulcer associated with laboratory abnormalities (cytopenia, elevated ferritin, hypertriglyceridaemia). Haemophagocytosis was present in 2 cases. Serology and PCR for Rickettsia conorii were positive and militated in favour of recent infection responsible for the diagnosis of MSF.

Discussion

The first case of HS was described in 1979. Sixteen cases of HS secondary to MSF are described in the literature. Cytopenia associated with hyperferritinaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia strongly suggests MSF complicated by HS. The prognosis depends on the time elapsed since diagnosis and host-specific factors. Immunosuppressants and antibiotics may be necessary to ensure healing.

Conclusion

Rickettsioses can induce HS, and this potential complication with a severe prognosis must be known.



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Ceramic soft tissue trimming bur: A new tool for gingival depigmentation

Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018

Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Author(s): Rohini Negi, Rajan Gupta, Parveen Dahiya, Mukesh Kumar, Vrishti Bansal, Japnit Kaur Samlok

Abstract
Objective

Pigmentation of the gingiva plays a negative role in an otherwise acceptable "smile window". In the present world, people are more concerned about their aesthetics. Several techniques have been employed such as scalpel surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemical agents, abrasion and LASER method for the removal of melanin hyper-pigmentation. The present study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of LASER and soft tissue trimmer for gingival depigmentation.

Methods

A randomized split-mouth study was conducted for twenty patients with gingival pigmentation. Dummet Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI), Gingival Pigmentation Index (GPI) for pigmentation, bleeding factor, wound healing factor, gingival colour and visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain were evaluated for both the groups at baseline, 7th day, 1st month and 6th month.

Results

Intra-group comparison between baseline and 6th month showed highly significant difference for both LASER and bur groups. There was no statistically significant difference found between both the groups at 6th month using gingival pigmentation index.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that LASER and soft tissue trimmer both are comparable in achieving aesthetic satisfaction. Hence, the soft tissue trimmer could also be used for depigmentation as it is very cost effective, readily available and acceptable by the patients.



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Soft tissue facial profile changes after orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extractions in Class I malocclusion patients: A comparative study

Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018

Source: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Author(s): Bendito V. Freitas, Vandilson P. Rodrigues, Mariana F. Rodrigues, Heloiza V.F. de Melo, Pedro C.F. dos Santos

Abstract
Objective

To analyze the soft tissue facial profile changes in Class I malocclusion patients after orthodontic treatment with or without tooth extraction.

Methods

Forty lateral cephalograms of 20 individuals with Angle Class I malocclusion submitted to orthodontic treatment were included in this study. The individuals were divided in two groups: no tooth extraction (Group A) and extraction of four first premolars (Group B). Cephalometric measurements related to the soft tissue facial profile (Nasolabial Angle, Mentolabial Angle, Interlabial Angle, Facial Convexity Angle, Total Facial Convexity Angle, Lower Face Angle, MAFH/LAFH Proportion, Lower Face Vertical Proportion, H.NB Angle, Ricketts E Line) were collected in two stages (pre-treatment and post-treatment). The Student T, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests analyzed the results. The significance level was 5%.

Results

Among the cephalometric variables evaluated, only the measurements Interlabial Angle and H.NB Angle showed statistically significant changes during treatment. Increase was observed in the Interlabial Angle and decrease in H.NB Angle in both groups, resulting in a less convex facial profile with lip retraction.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that changes in the soft tissue facial profile are similar in Class I patients treated with or without tooth extraction.



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Τρίτη 10 Ιουλίου 2018

Education in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care: trends, challenges and advancements

Purpose of review We summarize the latest evidence in neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care (NCC) training. In addition, we describe the newer advancements that clinical educators face in these subspecialties. Lastly, we highlight educational approaches that may lead to an enhanced learning experience and development of necessary skills for neurosciences trainees. Recent findings Current neuroanesthesia and NCC training requires acquisition of specific skills for increasing complex surgical cases, specialized neurosurgical practice and new perioperative technologies. Furthermore, there is increasing international interest for standardization and accreditation of neuroanesthesia fellowship programs. Recent evidence has demonstrated that well structured training using high-fidelity simulation improves cognitive and technical skills in acute neurological crises. Summary High-fidelity simulation in perioperative care of neurosurgical patients can be part of formal neuroanesthesia and NCC curricula, and potentially impact trainees' proficiency. A research agenda is needed to validate the assessment of most effective educational interventions in neurosciences trainees with diverse medical backgrounds. Creative combinations of cost-effective interventions including traditional teaching, specific technical skills workshops, low and high-fidelity simulation deserve to be assessed in future studies. Correspondence to Angela Builes-Aguilar, MD, MSc, MsEpi, Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 275 Regent Street, London, ON, Canada N6A2H3. Tel: +1 519 671 0313; e-mail: Angelitabuiles@gmail.com Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Anesthesia for awake craniotomy

Purpose of review The current review reports on current trends in the anesthetic management of awake craniotomy, including preoperative preparation, sedation schemes, pain management, and prevention of intraoperative complications. Recent findings Both approaches for anesthesia for awake craniotomy, asleep–awake–asleep and monitored anesthesia care (MAC), have shown equal efficacy for performing intraoperative brain mapping. Choice of the appropriate scheme is currently based mainly on the preferences of the particular anesthesiologist. Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated high efficacy and safety in MAC for awake craniotomy and has become a rational alternative to propofol. Despite the high efficacy of scalp block and opioids, pain remains a common compliant in awake craniotomy. Appropriate surgical tactics can reduce pain and even prevent postoperative neurological complications. Although the efficacy of prophylaxis of intraoperative seizures with anticonvulsants remains doubtful, levetiracetam can be superior to other drugs for this purpose. Summary Following a great deal of progress in anesthetic management, awake craniotomy, which had been a relatively rare approach, is now a commonly performed procedure for neurosurgical intervention. Modern anesthesia techniques can provide for successful brain mapping in almost any patient. Management of awake craniotomy in high-risk patients is a central task for future research. Correspondence to Alexander Kulikov, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery, Moscow, Russia. Tel: +7 903 963 73 64; e-mail: akulikov@nsi.ru Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Opioid-free anesthesia: a different regard to anesthesia practice

Purpose of review In the past two decades, opioids have been prescribed increasingly for the treatment of various chronic pain conditions and during the perioperative period. Perioperative opioid administration is associated with well known adverse effects and recently to long-term use and poor surgical outcomes. In this context, the anesthesiologists have to face their responsibilities. The review discusses the neurophysiological basis of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA), the rational supporting its use in perioperative medicine as well as barriers and future challenges in the field. Recent findings OFA has gained in popularity as a way to enhance early recovery and to spare opioids for the postoperative period. Whether it is possible to deliver safe and stable anesthesia without intraoperative opioids to many patients undergoing various surgical procedures, OFA still raises questions. Accurate monitoring to measure intraoperative nociception and guide the use of adjuvants are not available. There is a need for the development of procedure-specific strategies as well as indications and contraindications to the technique. Finally, objective assessment of OFA use on patient outcomes should be recorded in large multicenter studies. Summary OFA stands as a new paradigm, which questions anesthesiology practice and might help to rationalize perioperative opioids use. Correspondence to Patricia Lavand'homme, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Cliniques Universitaires St Luc - University Catholic of Louvain, Av Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Tel: +32 2 764 18 21; fax: +32 2 764 36 99; e-mail: patricia.lavandhomme@uclouvain.be Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Genetics and genomics in postoperative pain and analgesia

Purpose of review The review describes recent advances in genetics and genomics of postoperative pain, the association between genetic variants and the efficacy of analgesics, and the role of pharmacogenomics in the selection of appropriate analgesic treatments for postoperative pain. Recent findings Recent genetic studies have reported associations of genetic variants in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 (SCN11A) and μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) genes with postoperative pain. The recent pharmacogenetics studies revealed an association of the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and ATP-binding cassette C3 (ABCC3) polymorphisms with morphine-related adverse effects, an effect of polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 gene CYP2D6 on the analgesic efficacy of tramadol and no effect of CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 variants on efficacy of piroxicam. Summary Genetic variants associate with inter-individual variability in drug responses and they can affect pain sensitivity and intensity of postoperative pain. Despite the recent progress in genetics and genomics of postoperative pain, it is still not possible to precisely predict the patients who are genetically predisposed to have severe postoperative pain or who develop chronic postoperative pain. Correspondence to Eija Kalso, MD, PhD, Pain Clinic, PB 140, 00029 HUS, Finland. Tel: +358 9 47175885; e-mail: eija.kalso@helsinki.fi Copyright © 2018 YEAR Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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