Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Long-term Exposure to Oxidant Gases and Mortality: Effect Modification by PM2.5 Transition Metals and Oxidative Potential via Epidemiology - Current Issue Background: Populations are simultaneously exposed to outdoor concentrations of oxidant gases (i.e., O3 and NO2) and fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5). Since oxidative stress is thought to be an important mechanism explaining air pollution health effects, the adverse health impacts of oxidant gases may be greater in locations where PM2.5 is more capable of causing oxidative stress. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 2 million adults in Canada between 2001 and 2016 living within 10 km of ground-level monitoring sites for outdoor PM2.5 components and oxidative potential. Ox exposures (i.e., the redox-weighted average of O3 and NO2) were estimated using a combination of chemical transport models, land use regression models, and ground-level data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between 3-year moving average Ox and mortality outcomes across strata of transition metals and sulfur in PM2.5 and three measures of PM2.5 oxidative potential adjusting for possible confounding factors. Results: Associations between Ox and mortality were consistently stronger in regions with elevated PM2.5 transition metal/sulfur content and oxidative potential. For example, each interquartile increase (6.27 ppb) in Ox was associated with a 14.9% (95% CI = 13.0, 16.9) increased risk of nonaccidental mortality in locations with glutathione-related oxidative potential (OPGSH) above the median whereas a 2.50% (95% CI = 0.600, 4.40) increase was observed in regions with OPGSH levels below the median (interaction P value View on Web

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The role of Interleukin 36γ in the Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition process of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: a pilot study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The role of Interleukin 36γ in the Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition process of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: a pilot study via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Purpose Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important characteristic in the remodeling of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). IL-36γ and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) may exacerbate remodeling in CRS. Here, we aimed to determine whether IL-36γ and FAP expression are associated with EMT and may be a predictor for CRSwNP prognosis. Methods 52 non-Eos CRSwNP patients and 12 control patients were obtained and were followed up for more than 1 year after surgery. IL-36γ, FAP and EMT markers expression were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western-blot. Masson trichrome staining was adopted to assess tissue fibrotic changes. Furthermore, the soluble form of IL-36γ and FAP in nasal secretions were detect by ELISA. Results While basal expression of E-cadherin decreased, the expression of IL-36γ, vimentin and FAP increased in nasal polyps. In well prognosis patients, the expression of IL-36γ, vimentin and FAP were significantly decreased than in poor prognosis patients, while the protein expression of E-cadherin was increased. The protein expression of IL-36γ was notably increased in recurrent nasal polyps than in preoperation specimens. A positive relationship between IL-36γ and FAP expression, a negative relationship between IL-36γ and E-cad expression was noted. The soluble form of IL-36γ and FAP increased during the development of non-Eos CRSwNP, with the highest level in poor prognosis patients after surgery. Conclusion Non-Eos CRSwNP have partially undergone EMT under baseline conditions. IL-36γ and FAP expression were related with EMT, the soluble form of IL-36γ and FAP in nasal-secretions may predict the prognosis of patients. View on Web

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Laryngopharyngeal Symptoms and Esophageal Disorder: The Role of Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Upper Esophagus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Laryngopharyngeal Symptoms and Esophageal Disorder: The Role of Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa in Upper Esophagus via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Background Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper esophagus (HGMUE) was considered as geneogenous manifestation. However, its clinical characteristics may beyond to our knowledge if we focus on its extra-esophageal presentation. So the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HGMUE and laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Method Eight hundred and eleven patients who had gastric endoscopy examination were enrolled in this study and the cervical esophagus was examined for the patch during withdrawal of the endoscope. Questionnaire for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD-Q) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) were completed by all the patients. Pathology feature and therapeutic effect of HGMUE patients were evaluated. Result About 34.53% of the patients undergoing the gastroduodenoscopy had laryngopharyngeal (LP) symptoms. The relevance rate of HGMUE in LP(+)group(10.69%) was higher than that in LP(-) group(2%). The LP symptoms were related to the histological type and expression of H+-K+-ATPase in the histological sample of HGMUE patients. The positive rate of H+-K+-ATPase was 100% in LP(+) group, and that in LP(-) group was 28.6%. PPI therapy was effective for improving the LP symptoms in HGMUE patients. The RSI score in LP(+) patients decreased from 8.12±1.46 at baseline to 4±0.74 at the end of 8 weeks after treatment of PPI. Conclusion HGMUE was an important cause of LP symptoms in patients, especially in those who had no evidence of GERD. The mechanism of HGMUE induced LP symptoms was due to its location and the function of acid secretion according to the endoscopic finding and histologic characteristics. View on Web

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InCISE: Instrument for Comprehensive Incisional and Surgical Evaluation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader InCISE: Instrument for Comprehensive Incisional and Surgical Evaluation via The Laryngoscope The evaluation of healing after head and neck surgery is currently qualitative and non-standardized. We developed InCISE: Instrument for comprehensive incisional and surgical evaluation to assess surgical wounds, which was found to be reliable, reproducible, and consistent. Objective The evaluation of healing after head and neck surgery is currently qualitative and non-standardized, limiting the quality of surgical healing assessments in clinical and research settings. We sought to develop an objective, standardized wound assessment score, and hypothesize that a reliable instrument can be developed to evaluate head and neck surgical wounds. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary-care, academic head and neck surgery practice. Patients undergoing head and neck surgery were enrolled. A digital photograph protocol was developed for evaluating healing surgical wounds. A panel of experts developed and refined a wound healing score and established reliability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and validity of the score. Results InCISE: Instrument for comprehensive incisional and surgical evaluation was created. The utility of our wound healing score was assessed using classical test theory. We performed the major steps of establishing reliability in head and neck surgeons: (1) internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.81), (2) inter-observer reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.76), and (3) intra-rater reliability (intra-class correlation = 0.87), and content validity (through focus groups). Our composite measure was found to have strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and intra-rater reliability. Preliminary work suggests criterion validity via associations with physical health related quality of life (SF-12). Conclusion A wound healing score for head and neck surgery, InCISE, has been developed and is reliable, reproducible, and consistent. Although content validity is present and criterion validity is suggested, work continues to establish validity in this instrument to allow for expanded clinical and research use. Level of Evidence N/A Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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USP36 promotes tumorigenesis and drug sensitivity of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ALKBH5

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader USP36 promotes tumorigenesis and drug sensitivity of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating and stabilizing ALKBH5 via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Background ALKBH5 is aberrantly activated and exerts critical roles in facilitating the development of glioblastoma. However, the underlying activation mechanism by which ALKBH5 protein is increased in glioblastoma is not completely understood. Our study aimed to elucidate the signaling pathways involved in mediating ALKBH5 protein stability. Methods The contribution of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) to the fluctuation of ALKBH5 protein expression were globally profiled with western blot analysis. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the USP36 and ALKBH5 interaction. The effects of USP36 on the stability of ALKBH5 were detected with in vivo and in vitro ubiquitination assays. Cell proliferation assays, neurosphere formation, limited dilution assay, and intracranial tumor growth assays were implemented to assess the co llaborative capacities of USP36 and ALKBH5 in tumorigenesis. Results Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 36 (USP36), as a potential ALKBH5-activating DUB, played an essential role in stabilization of ALKBH5 and regulation of ALKBH5 mediated gene expression in glioblastoma. The depletion of USP36 drastically impaired cell proliferation, deteriorated the self-renewal of GSCs and sensitized GSCs to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment. Furthermore, the deletion of USP36 substantially decreased the in vivo tumor growth when monitored by bioluminescence imaging. Our findings indicate that USP36 regulates the protein degradation and expression of ALKBH5, and the USP36-ALKBH5 axis orchestrates glioma tumorigenesis. Conclusion Our findings identify USP36 as a DUB of ALKBH5 and its role in glioblastoma progression, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment. View on Web

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Triple Antibiotic Paste Composition and use in Root Canal Treatment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Triple Antibiotic Paste Composition and use in Root Canal Treatment via Junior Dentist Triple Antibiotic Paste is a type of Intra Canal Medicament which is used in Endodontic Treatment or Root canal Treatment to kill the micro organisms in the periapical region of an infected Root Canal. Triple antibiotic Paste or (TAP) consists of three medicines - Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin and Minocycline. This combinati on of medicines have been found to be the best regimen to eliminate root canal pathogens. The most common microorganisms found in infected Root Canals are Peptostreptococcus spp, Actinomyces, Staphylococcus Salivarius, S. Sanguis, P. Endodontalis. The micro organisms most commonly infecting Failed or Re-infected root canals are "Enterococcus Faecalis". Triple Antibiotic paste uses: It is used as an Intracanal Medicament and in Regenerative Endodontics (Pulp Capping). It has been found to be very effective against E Feacalis which is a very stubborn bacteria found in Re-infected root canals. Composition of Triple antibiotic Paste: TAP is a combination of three antibiotics - Minocycline + Ciprofloxacin + Metronidazole. A combination of three antibiotics is required as any Infection of the Root Canal consists of multiple microorganisms of different types and to treat all these bacteria any single Antibiotic is sometimes not enough. A Combination of Antibiotics usually helps in treating the diverse flora of the Root Canal. How is Triple Antibiotics Paste prepared: Hoshino et al. first proposed the combination of TPA and mentioned that the three Antibiotics - Metronidazole (500 mg) 30% + Minocycline (100mg) 30% + Ciprofloxacin (200mg) 30% + Propylene Glycol paste 10% should be mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1. These three components should have a carrier Glycol and macrogol ointment in a ratio of 1:1. The combination was later modified by making changes in the Ratios by Takushige et al. who proposed that the ratios should be Metronidazole + Minocycline + Ciprofloxacin - 3:3:1. A new Intra Canal Medicament known as MTAD was found to be useful in eliminating Enterococcus Faecalis strains  in a study published by Newberry et al. The MTAD is a combination of 3% Doxycycline, Citric Acid and a detergent polysorbate 80. MTAD should be used as an irrigation fluid inside the canals. MTAD should be used as the final irrigation rinse after using 1.3% Naocl and Saline. This has been found to remove the smear layer without altering the structure of dentinal tubules. View on Web

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Maxillary vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement: A proof of principle randomized clinical trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Maxillary vertical alveolar ridge augmentation using sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement: A proof of principle randomized clinical trial via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Background The sandwich osteotomy technique usually requires high surgical skills and prolonged intraoperative time and had some technical drawbacks with a subsequent deficient amount of vertical bone gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the final vertical bone gain using sandwich osteotomy with simultaneous versus delayed implant placement in the anterior maxilla. Material and methods This study included 16 patients having multiple missing maxillary anterior teeth with a vertically deficient alveolar ridge. Patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Both groups were treated using sandwich osteotomy with interpositional particulate bovine bone graft. In the study group (8 patients, 17 implants), the transport mobilized bone segment was fixed in position using simultaneous implant placement. Whereas in the control group (8 patients, 18 implants), micro-plates and screws were used, followed by a second-stage surgery for plates removal and delayed implant placement. Radiographic assessment included 4 months postoperative mean of vertical gain in alveolar ridge height, taken from cross-sectional cuts of cone beam CT. Results The mean vertical bone gain in the study group was 4.04 ± 0.59 mm compared to 3.86 ± 0.52 mm in the control group with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.518). The mean value of bone gain percentage in the study group was 33.02% compared to 31.75% in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.656). Conclusion The sandwich osteotomy technique with simultaneous implant placement is a reliable method for vertical ridge augmentation that eliminates the need for a secondary surgery. View on Web

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