Dental consequences of pterygomaxillary dysjunction during fronto-facial monobloc advancement in children with internal distraction for Crouzon syndrome

Crouzon syndrome is a syndromic faciocraniosynostosis that can be associated with severe fronto-facial retrusion leading to major functional impairments: extreme exorbitism may be vision-threatening and severe respiration impairment can be life-threatening. The procedure of choice for the primary correction of this retrusion is fronto-facial monobloc advancement (FFMBA) with internal or external distraction. FFMBA involves pterygomaxillary dysjunction (PMD), using either a superior or an intra-oral approach.

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