Correlation between increased orbital volume and enophthalmos and diplopia in patients with fractures of the orbital floor or the medial orbital wall

Fractures of the orbital floor and the medial orbital wall (blow-out fractures) are common consequences of falls, sport or traffic accidents, and interpersonal violence. Clinical presentation shortly after injury is not always predictive of long-term sequelae, such as late enophthalmos and diplopia. Diagnostic methods and treatment options have greatly improved over the years due to three-dimensional image processing, volumetric analyses, and the use of patient-specific implants. However, the indications for reconstructive surgery are still controversial.

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