Publication date: Available online 6 December 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): R. Charollais, F. Aubin, B. Roche-Kubler, E. Puzenat
IntroductionLe granulome annulaire fait partie des réactions granulomateuses qui peuvent être induites par des médicaments. L'immunothérapie par anti-PD1 est utilisée dans le traitement des mélanomes et d'autres cancers solides. Nous rapportons deux cas de granulome annulaire survenus chez des patientes traitées par un anti-PD1, le pembrolizumab.ObservationsDeux femmes traitées par pembrolizumab toutes les 3 semaines pour un mélanome métastatique ont développé un granulome annulaire sous traitement. L'immunothérapie a été maintenue dans les deux cas. Les lésions ont continué d'évoluer par poussées et rémissions chez la première patiente, alors qu'une disparition complète était constatée après un mois de corticothérapie locale chez la seconde.DiscussionLa survenue de réactions granulomateuses sous immunothérapie est connue et décrite dans la littérature, mais aucun cas de granulome annulaire induit par anti-PD1 n'avait été rapporté jusqu'ici. L'hypothèse pathogénique est qu'une dysrégulation de l'immunité cellulaire secondaire au traitement entraînerait un processus réactionnel granulomateux dans les organes cibles. Le granulome annulaire fait donc partie des effets secondaires cutanés possibles sous anti-PD1.BackgroundGranuloma annulare as a granulomatous cutaneous reaction may be drug-induced. Immune checkpoint inhibitors including programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors show remarkable antitumor activity and are approved for melanoma and other cancers. Different immune-related adverse effects have been described. We report herein a rare adverse effect of anti-PD1 therapy given for metastatic melanoma : granuloma annulare.Patients and methodsTwo women receiving pembrolizumab metastatic melanoma presented with granuloma annulare. The therapy was continued in both cases. In the first patient, granuloma annulare appeared and then subsided; in the second patient, the lesion resolved completely with topical corticosteroids.DiscussionWhile there have been reported cases of sarcoidosis induced by immunotherapies, immunotherapy-induced granuloma annulare has not been described. The pathogenesis of drug-induced granulomatous reactions is thought to involve autoimmune dysregulation affecting T cells, especially Th1 cells, which lead to granuloma formation. Granuloma annulare should thus be considered a cutaneous adverse effect of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
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