Programmed cell death 1 blockade-induced cutaneous sarcoid-like epithelioid granulomas in advanced melanoma: A case report

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granuloma in affected organs, most commonly the lung.¹ In pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, the T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine profile of CD4⁺ as well as CD8⁺ T cells was demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.² However, there has been no detailed description of a lymphocyte profile in cutaneous sarcoid-like epithelioid granulomas. Here, we report a case of sarcoid-like epithelioid granulomas induced by nivolumab in a patient with advanced melanoma and we performed functional lymphocyte analysis of the granuloma lesions. All studies were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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