Cancer of unknown primary site is still a demanding condition as it is per definition metastatic, with heterogeneous biological behavior, and it is often resistant to therapy. Cancer of unknown primary site ac...
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Κυριακή 26 Μαρτίου 2017
The undifferentiated carcinoma that became a melanoma: Re-biopsy of a cancer of an unknown primary site: a case report
Second primary melanoma on a patient undergoing vemurafenib therapy. A case report
Abstract
Background
Several side effects have been reported during treatment with vemurafenib, including multiple benign lesions and, less frequently, atypical melanocytic proliferations and second primary melanomas.
Methods
A 46-year-old man undergoing vemurafenib therapy for metastatic malignant melanoma was clinically and dermoscopically monitored using total-body mapping.
Results
During BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) treatment, the patient developed atypical melanocytic lesions and particularly secondary primary melanoma.
Conclusions
Secondary melanomas are usually diagnosed during the early disease stage, and no case of advanced melanomas is reported in the literature, mostly due to careful surveillance in BRAFi-treated patients.
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Estimation of age, growth and fishing season of a Paleolithic population of grayling (Thymallus thymallus) using scale analysis
Abstract
The fish remains sampled from archaeological sites are generally the result of human food refuse; therefore, the study of retrieved fish scales may provide reliable information on the season of capture and on paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes. Among Western European freshwater fishes, the grayling, Thymallus thymallus¸ has the most easily recognizable scales and is a commonly recovered species from Paleolithic contexts. This study, therefore, is based on the growth pattern analysis of modern and archaeological scales from grayling specimens. The modern specimens were collected monthly in France (n = 22), Switzerland (n = 16), Finland (n = 20) and Sweden (n = 10). Scale growth patterns were measured using numerical analysis to a high accuracy. The results showed that the archaeological population of grayling is closer to the present Finnish population. Furthermore, the comparison of seasonal growth patterns between current and archaeological European populations, demonstrated that graylings were normally captured during the spring at Le Taillis des Coteaux Magdalenian site. This type of approach can be used to understand environmental conditions at a low spatial scale, and also to help identify fishing seasons during archaeological periods.
http://ift.tt/2nm3cr4
Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles
FREE ACCESS through April 7, 2017.
Read Now:
Multimodality Treatment with Surgery, External-Beam Radiation, and Chemotherapy Improves Survival for Selected Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
Masha J. Livhits, Michael W. Yeh
Active Surveillance of Small, Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancers Can Be a Safe Alternative to Surgery in Selected Patients
Angela M. Leung
Large NIFTP Have a Very Low Risk of Recurrence
Jerome M. Hershman
The post Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles appeared first on American Thyroid Association.
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Operculina turpethum extract inhibits growth and proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and induces apoptosis by up regulating P53 in oral cancer cells
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 80
Author(s): Ritu Arora, Vijaya Bharti, Poonam Gaur, Sadhna Aggarwal, Manasi Mittal, Satya N. Das
ObjectivesHerbal drugs are popularly emerging as complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients because of their cost effectiveness and minimal side-effects. The extract of Operculina turpethum (OT) is known to have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and purgative properties. Since it is popularly known have antiinflammatory activity, we investigated its anti-tumor activity on four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (OSCC) namely, (SCC-4, KB, SCC-9 and SCC-25).DesignAntitumor activities of Operculina turpathum extract (OTE) was investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay, effect on cell cycle and apoptosis induction by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry and invasive potential of the tumor was determined by matrigel assay. The expression of various proteins involved in these mechanisms was analysed by western blotting.ResultsOTE specifically inhibited the growth and colony formation of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream target COX-2. It further arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin-D1 and induced early apoptosis by up-regulating P53 in OSCC cells. It also limits the invasion capacity of OSCC cells by up to 55–60%.ConclusionsOTE shows antitumor activities in OSCC cells by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p53 expression. It may be developed as a safe and promising alternative chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer.
http://ift.tt/2ol5sxU
Operculina turpethum extract inhibits growth and proliferation by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and induces apoptosis by up regulating P53 in oral cancer cells
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 80
Author(s): Ritu Arora, Vijaya Bharti, Poonam Gaur, Sadhna Aggarwal, Manasi Mittal, Satya N. Das
ObjectivesHerbal drugs are popularly emerging as complementary and alternative medicines in cancer patients because of their cost effectiveness and minimal side-effects. The extract of Operculina turpethum (OT) is known to have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and purgative properties. Since it is popularly known have antiinflammatory activity, we investigated its anti-tumor activity on four oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (OSCC) namely, (SCC-4, KB, SCC-9 and SCC-25).DesignAntitumor activities of Operculina turpathum extract (OTE) was investigated by MTT and clonogenic assay, effect on cell cycle and apoptosis induction by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry and invasive potential of the tumor was determined by matrigel assay. The expression of various proteins involved in these mechanisms was analysed by western blotting.ResultsOTE specifically inhibited the growth and colony formation of OSCC cells in a dose-dependent manner via inhibiting NF-κB and its downstream target COX-2. It further arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase by inhibiting cyclin-D1 and induced early apoptosis by up-regulating P53 in OSCC cells. It also limits the invasion capacity of OSCC cells by up to 55–60%.ConclusionsOTE shows antitumor activities in OSCC cells by inhibiting NF-κB, COX-2 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p53 expression. It may be developed as a safe and promising alternative chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent for oral cancer.
http://ift.tt/2ol5sxU
The clinicopathologic relevance of RECK gene polymorphisms in ameloblastoma
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Xudong Zhang, Jie Wang, Huijuan Liu, Yanning Zhang, Fusheng Dong
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between RECK gene polymorphisms and the clinicopathologic features of ameloblastoma.DesignNormal gingival mucosa specimens were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers. Ameloblastomas were surgically removed from 30 patients and part of the tumor specimens were used to detect RECK gene polymorphisms by using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing analysis. Expression of RECK and MMP-9 protein was measured using western blot.ResultsThe overall SNP rate was 46.7% (14/30). Four polymorphisms were detected in exon 9, 11, 13, 15 of the RECK gene: two synonymous (P520P and R625R) and two missense SNPs (V275I and I395V). RECK protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was lower than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and, RECK protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was lower than that in the normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was higher than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was higher than that in normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). RECK gene polymorphisms were closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma.ConclusionThe rs16932912(G/A) SNP in the RECK gene was closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma. RECK protein expression was closely associated with the presence of the rs16932912(G/A) SNP.
http://ift.tt/2mFllTO
Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to normal salivary gland tissues
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Noura M. Kamal, Hend M. Salem, Heba M. Dahmoush
ObjectivesMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor which displays biological, histological and clinical diversity thus representing a challenge for its diagnosis and management. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein identified as a tumor specific antigen due to its frequent overexpression in the majority of epithelial carcinomas and its correlation with prognosis. It is considered to be a promising biomarker used as a therapeutic target already in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern, cellular characterization and level of EpCAM expression in MEC and demonstrate its correlation with histologic grading which may benefit future clinical trials using EpCAM targeted therapy.Materials and methods48 specimens (12 normal salivary gland tissue and 36 MEC) were collected and EpCAM membranous expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Total immunoscore (TIS) was evaluated, the term 'EpCAM overexpression' was given for tissues showing a total immunoscore >4.ResultsA highly significant difference was observed between TIS percent values in control and different grades of MEC (p<0.001). High grade MEC (HG-MEC) was the highest EpCAM expressor. In addition, EpCAM expression pattern differed among the different grades.ConclusionEpCAM expression was detected in MEC, and its overexpression correlated with increasing the histological grade. The diffuse membranous expression in HG-MEC could be of diagnostic value in relation to the patchy expression observed in both low grade and intermediate grade MEC.
http://ift.tt/2ol26LF
Expression of circadian core clock genes in fibroblasts of human gingiva and periodontal ligament is modulated by L-Mimosine and hypoxia in monolayer and spheroid cultures
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Klara Janjić, Christoph Kurzmann, Andreas Moritz, Hermann Agis
ObjectiveThe circadian clock is involved in a plethora of physiological processes including bone formation and tooth development. While expression of circadian core clock genes was observed in various tissues, their role in the periodontium is unclear. We hypothesized that periodontal cells express circadian core clock genes and that their levels are modulated by hypoxia mimetic agents and hypoxia.Material and methodsFibroblasts of human gingiva (GF) and periodontal ligament (PDLF) in monolayer and spheroid cultures were treated with the hypoxia mimetic agent L-Mimosine (L-MIM) or hypoxia. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR were performed to assess the impact on mRNA levels of the circadian core clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3.ResultsGF and PDLF expressed Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3 in monolayer and spheroid cultures. In monolayer cultures, L-MIM significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 mRNA expression in GF and Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per3 in PDLF. Hypoxia significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in PDLF. In spheroid cultures, L-MIM significantly decreased Clock, Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and PDLF. Hypoxia significantly decreased Cry2 and Per3 in GF and Clock and Per3 in PDLF.ConclusionsGF and PDLF express circadian core clock genes. The hypoxia mimetic agent L-MIM and hypoxic conditions can decrease the expression of Clock, Cry1-2 and Per1 and Per3. The specific response depends on cell type and culture model. Future studies will show how this effect contributes to periodontal health and disease.
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Aims & Scope/Editorial board
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 77
http://ift.tt/2mFdAwN
The clinicopathologic relevance of RECK gene polymorphisms in ameloblastoma
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Xudong Zhang, Jie Wang, Huijuan Liu, Yanning Zhang, Fusheng Dong
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between RECK gene polymorphisms and the clinicopathologic features of ameloblastoma.DesignNormal gingival mucosa specimens were obtained from 10 healthy volunteers. Ameloblastomas were surgically removed from 30 patients and part of the tumor specimens were used to detect RECK gene polymorphisms by using PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing analysis. Expression of RECK and MMP-9 protein was measured using western blot.ResultsThe overall SNP rate was 46.7% (14/30). Four polymorphisms were detected in exon 9, 11, 13, 15 of the RECK gene: two synonymous (P520P and R625R) and two missense SNPs (V275I and I395V). RECK protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was lower than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and, RECK protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was lower than that in the normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with minor RECK SNPs was higher than that in specimens without RECK SNPs (P<0.05), and MMP-9 protein expression in specimens with and without RECK SNPs was higher than that in normal gingiva specimens (P<0.05). RECK gene polymorphisms were closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma.ConclusionThe rs16932912(G/A) SNP in the RECK gene was closely associated with active proliferation, capsular invasion, and clinical recurrence of ameloblastoma. RECK protein expression was closely associated with the presence of the rs16932912(G/A) SNP.
http://ift.tt/2mFllTO
Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in mucoepidermoid carcinoma compared to normal salivary gland tissues
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Noura M. Kamal, Hend M. Salem, Heba M. Dahmoush
ObjectivesMucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor which displays biological, histological and clinical diversity thus representing a challenge for its diagnosis and management. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein identified as a tumor specific antigen due to its frequent overexpression in the majority of epithelial carcinomas and its correlation with prognosis. It is considered to be a promising biomarker used as a therapeutic target already in ongoing clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern, cellular characterization and level of EpCAM expression in MEC and demonstrate its correlation with histologic grading which may benefit future clinical trials using EpCAM targeted therapy.Materials and methods48 specimens (12 normal salivary gland tissue and 36 MEC) were collected and EpCAM membranous expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Total immunoscore (TIS) was evaluated, the term 'EpCAM overexpression' was given for tissues showing a total immunoscore >4.ResultsA highly significant difference was observed between TIS percent values in control and different grades of MEC (p<0.001). High grade MEC (HG-MEC) was the highest EpCAM expressor. In addition, EpCAM expression pattern differed among the different grades.ConclusionEpCAM expression was detected in MEC, and its overexpression correlated with increasing the histological grade. The diffuse membranous expression in HG-MEC could be of diagnostic value in relation to the patchy expression observed in both low grade and intermediate grade MEC.
http://ift.tt/2ol26LF
Expression of circadian core clock genes in fibroblasts of human gingiva and periodontal ligament is modulated by L-Mimosine and hypoxia in monolayer and spheroid cultures
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 79
Author(s): Klara Janjić, Christoph Kurzmann, Andreas Moritz, Hermann Agis
ObjectiveThe circadian clock is involved in a plethora of physiological processes including bone formation and tooth development. While expression of circadian core clock genes was observed in various tissues, their role in the periodontium is unclear. We hypothesized that periodontal cells express circadian core clock genes and that their levels are modulated by hypoxia mimetic agents and hypoxia.Material and methodsFibroblasts of human gingiva (GF) and periodontal ligament (PDLF) in monolayer and spheroid cultures were treated with the hypoxia mimetic agent L-Mimosine (L-MIM) or hypoxia. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR were performed to assess the impact on mRNA levels of the circadian core clock genes Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3.ResultsGF and PDLF expressed Clock, Bmal1, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, and Per3 in monolayer and spheroid cultures. In monolayer cultures, L-MIM significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 mRNA expression in GF and Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per3 in PDLF. Hypoxia significantly reduced Clock, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in PDLF. In spheroid cultures, L-MIM significantly decreased Clock, Cry1, Cry2, and Per3 in GF and PDLF. Hypoxia significantly decreased Cry2 and Per3 in GF and Clock and Per3 in PDLF.ConclusionsGF and PDLF express circadian core clock genes. The hypoxia mimetic agent L-MIM and hypoxic conditions can decrease the expression of Clock, Cry1-2 and Per1 and Per3. The specific response depends on cell type and culture model. Future studies will show how this effect contributes to periodontal health and disease.
http://ift.tt/2oljpMs
Aims & Scope/Editorial board
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 77
http://ift.tt/2mFdAwN
Comprehensive and reliable classification system for primary diagnosis of cleft lip and palate
Due to the lack of a universally accepted classification system, we are aiming to introduce a modified comprehensive, precise and relative simple classification system for primary diagnosis of cleft lip and palate.
http://ift.tt/2okPggj
The ins and outs of molecular pathology reporting
Abstract
The raid evolution in molecular pathology resulting in an increasing complexity requires careful reporting. The need for standardisation is clearer than ever. While synoptic reporting was first used for reporting hereditary genetic diseases, it is becoming more frequent in pathology, especially molecular pathology reports too. The narrative approach is no longer feasible with the growing amount of essential data present on the report, although narrative components are still necessary for interpretation in molecular pathology. On the way towards standardisation of reports, guidelines can be a helpful tool. There are several guidelines that focus on reporting in the field of hereditary diseases, but it is not always feasible to extrapolate these to the reporting of somatic variants in molecular pathology. The rise of multi-gene testing causes challenges for the laboratories. In order to provide a continuous optimisation of the laboratory testing process, including reporting, external quality assessment is essential and has already proven to improve the quality of reports. In general, a clear and concise report for molecular pathology can be created by including elements deemed important by different guidelines, adapting the report to the process flows of the laboratory and integrating the report with the laboratory information management system and the patient record.
http://ift.tt/2n6ATLv
Internet-delivered, preoperative, preparation program (I-PPP): Development and examination of effectiveness
Limited evidence-based, interactive, Internet-delivered preoperative preparation programs for children and their parents exist. The purpose of this investigation was to develop and examine the effectiveness of the Internet-delivered, preoperative program (I-PPP) in alleviating prepoperative anxiety in children undergoing outpatient surgery. In Study 1, the I-PPP was developed and then evaluated by parent/child dyads and health care professionals. In Study 2, the effectiveness of I-PPP was examined.
http://ift.tt/2nCPXnR
Isotretinoin as a Possible Environmental Trigger to Autoimmunity in Genetically Susceptible Patients
Introduction. Isotretinoin is commonly used to treat cystic acne. Definitive mechanisms of action for isotretinoin are not known though despite many side effects having been documented. Various case reports have noted autoimmune diseases succeeding isotretinoin treatment. Case Report. A 16-year-old female presents with symptoms of tremors, lack of focus, sleeplessness, emotional liability, bulging eyes, loose stools, heat intolerance, and missed menstrual periods. Symptoms manifested shortly after the patient finished a course of oral isotretinoin treatment for acne. Physical exam showed resting tremors, bilateral proptosis, hyperactivity, and rapid speech. A diagnosis of Graves' Disease was made by correlating symptoms, physical exam findings, ultrasound, and positive family history of autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusion. Emergence of autoimmune thyroid diseases depends upon genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Mechanism of action for isotretinoin is not known but the drug may play a role in triggering autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals.
http://ift.tt/2np7QGA
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