Exposure to the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) increases the risk for developing allergic diseases in humans and their best friends, the dogs. Here, we explored whether this allergenic mite...
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Δευτέρα 3 Ιουλίου 2017
Innate function of house dust mite allergens: robust enzymatic degradation of extracellular matrix at elevated pH
Is oestrogen associated with mandibular condylar resorption? A systematic review
A systematic review of the literature was performed regarding the influence of oestrogen on the occurrence of mandibular condylar resorption. Search terms for oestrogen were used in combination with terms related to the effect on condylar remodelling. A search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases yielded 419 articles published between October 1993 and March 2017. An additional 48 articles were retrieved through manual searching of the reference lists.
http://ift.tt/2ujTHM0
Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The aim of this study was to determine whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is associated with the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The search was conducted in seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, and OpenGrey), without restriction on publication period or language.
http://ift.tt/2tKSW1t
Assessment of obstructive sleep apnoea treatment success or failure after maxillomandibular advancement
Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is an alternative therapeutic option that is highly effective for treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). MMA provides a solution for OSA patients that have difficulty accepting lifelong treatments with continuous positive airway pressure or mandibular advancement devices. The goal of this study was to investigate the different characteristics that determine OSA treatment success/failure after MMA. The apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI) was used to determine the success or failure of OSA treatment after MMA.
http://ift.tt/2uk3S3o
“Archers lip”: a lesion on the upper lip
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): N.T. Neale, A. Sayan, V. Ilankovan
http://ift.tt/2uEL1zb
Service evaluation of patients’ views on the Patients’ Concerns Inventory (at diagnosis)
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2017
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): M.J. Byrne, S.N. Rogers
The amount of information wanted by patients after the diagnosis of cancer of the head and neck varies, and valid consent is not possible without information. The Patients' Concerns Inventory (diagnosis) (PCI-D) is a list intended to prompt patients to ask about aspects of their diagnosis and its potential treatments and outcomes. It has not previously been evaluated in clinical practice. Our aim was to assess how often patients recall using it and their satisfaction with both it and the information they received. New patients with oral cancer who attended one consultant's clinic between 2014 and 2015 were evaluated and the response rate was 20/48. A total of 16/18 reported that they were very satisfied or satisfied with it. The Satisfaction with Cancer Information Profile Part B (SCIP-B) showed that the inventory seemed to improve patients' satisfaction with the information that they were given. Further evaluation is required.
http://ift.tt/2tGK1NK
Flow cytometry-based diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Hirokazu Kanegane, Akihiro Hoshino, Tsubasa Okano, Takahiro Yasumi, Taizo Wada, Hidetoshi Takada, Satoshi Okada, Motoi Yamashita, Tzu-wen Yeh, Ryuta Nishikomori, Masatoshi Takagi, Kohsuke Imai, Hans D. Ochs, Tomohiro Morio
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases of the immune system. The definite diagnosis of PID is ascertained by genetic analysis; however, this takes time and is costly. Flow cytometry provides a rapid and highly sensitive tool for diagnosis of PIDs.Flow cytometry can evaluate specific cell populations and subpopulations, cell surface, intracellular and intranuclear proteins, biologic effects associated with specific immune defects, and certain functional immune characteristics, each being useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of PIDs. Flow cytometry effectively identifies major forms of PIDs, including severe combined immunodeficiency, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, hyper IgM syndromes, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, IPEX syndrome, CTLA 4 haploinsufficiency and LRBA deficiency, IRAK4 and MyD88 deficiencies, Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease, chronic mucocuneous candidiasis, and chronic granulomatous disease. While genetic analysis is the definitive approach to establish specific diagnoses of PIDs, flow cytometry provides a tool to effectively evaluate patients with PIDs at relatively low cost.
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“Archers lip”: a lesion on the upper lip
A 65-year-old man was referred to us by his general practitioner with a persistent, scabbed lesion on his right upper lip. The lesion was red and had an irregular outline with a central scab that crossed the vermilion border (Fig. 1). On palpation it was indurated. The patient was a factory worker and had been regularly exposed to the sun. His medical history was unremarkable.
http://ift.tt/2sGIqU7
Service evaluation of patients’ views on the Patients’ Concerns Inventory (at diagnosis)
The amount of information wanted by patients after the diagnosis of cancer of the head and neck varies, and valid consent is not possible without information. The Patients' Concerns Inventory (diagnosis) (PCI-D) is a list intended to prompt patients to ask about aspects of their diagnosis and its potential treatments and outcomes. It has not previously been evaluated in clinical practice. Our aim was to assess how often patients recall using it and their satisfaction with both it and the information they received.
http://ift.tt/2sGtTaM
Absence of Relationship between Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss
Background. Many drugs used for cancer chemotherapy produce reactive oxygen species, thus leading to various complications including nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and ototoxicity. Objective. We have provided a haplogroup analysis of a cohort of cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and compared factors associated with associated hearing loss. Study Design and Methods. This observational cohort study includes a pure-tone audiometry of the patients who underwent chemotherapeutic treatment. Medical history, presence of risk factors for hearing loss, toxic habits, and association with haplogroups have been determined. Results. 40% of patients developed hearing loss after administration of cisplatin, which was bilateral and symmetrical and of high frequencies. The most frequent haplogroup was H with a slight overexpression of groups V and K and a low frequency of groups J and T. No association of the haplogroup types with the hearing loss has been found; however age was revealed as an important determining factor. Conclusions. Ototoxicity caused by cisplatin is manifested as bilateral, symmetrical, and predominantly high frequency hearing loss. Although we did not find a strong correlation of haplogroups with ototoxicity, our results revealed the existence of a risk group of elderly patients over 60, which are more susceptible to hearing loss induced by cisplatin, than young adults, regardless of preexisting hearing loss.
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Characterization of gliomas: from morphology to molecules
Abstract
This article reviews the histologic and molecular characterization of gliomas, including the new "integrated diagnoses" of the World Health Organization Classification, 2016 edition. The entities reviewed within include diffuse gliomas (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma), as well as circumscribed and low-grade gliomas (angiocentric glioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, pilomyxoid astrocytoma, ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma, and subependymoma). Diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are discussed for each entity. We review how molecular testing for IDH1 and ATRX and detection of chromosome 1p/19q codeletion can be used to categorize glioblastomas as IDH-wildtype or IDH-mutant, and lower grade diffuse gliomas into three molecular groups that correlate better with patient outcomes than histologic subtyping. Pediatric diffuse gliomas are highlighted, including diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, and inherited germline mutations that predispose to pediatric gliomas. The utility of genomic profiling of certain gliomas is discussed, including identifying candidates for experimental therapies. This review is meant to be a concise summary of glioma characterization for the practicing pathologist.
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Does a face-bow lead to better occlusion in complete dentures? A randomized controlled trial: part I
Abstract
Objectives
In a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial, the impact of face-bow registration for remounting complete dentures (CDs) on the occlusal parameters (part I) was evaluated.
Materials and methods
New CDs of 32 patients were duplicated and mounted after intraoral pin registration according to mean settings (group 1) and (group 2) using a face-bow (arbitrary hinge axis). The vertical dimension was reduced to the first occlusal contact point, and a bite record was fabricated in the articulator. The number of contacts and the number of teeth in contact were evaluated by a computer program (laboratory result). After randomization, half of the CDs were adjusted according to protocol of group 1 and group 2 and delivered to the patients. After 3 days (T1) and 84 days (T2), clinical static contact points and teeth in contact were counted. Contact points and teeth in contact of both groups (laboratory results) and at different moments (clinical results) were analyzed statistically with the F test and bootstrapping.
Results
Laboratory: No. 2 (face-bow) showed more occlusal contact points than no. 1 (mean setting), p > 0.05. The number of teeth with at least one occlusal contact was significantly higher in no. 2 (p = 0.027). Clinic: The mean number of teeth with at least one clinical contact point was significantly higher in no. 1 (no. 1 = 7.13, no. 2 = 5.31; p = 0.042). Extent of the vertical shift poorly correlated with number of laboratory occlusal contact points (R 2 = 0.017).
Conclusions
Considering the complex multistep study design, a limited number of participants, and referring to one specific arbitrary face-bow, the following conclusion could be drawn: no substantial difference by the use of the arbitrary face-bow compared to a mean setting could be determined, when changing the vertical dimension in the articulator within a remounting procedure of complete dentures.
Clinical relevance
Further research is necessary to determine the effects of different arbitrary face-bows on the fabrication and adaptation of removable dentures.
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Unusual metallic penile foreign body
Kulothungan Gunasekaran<br />Mar 27, 2017; 2017:bcr2017219377-bcr2017219377<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sA23BT
Laryngeal lipoma: a rare cause of acute intermittent airway obstruction
Peter George Deutsch<br />Apr 22, 2016; 2016:bcr2016215506-bcr2016215506<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2tjHxCW
Case of pneumatosis intestinalis and hepatic portal venous gas following a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy
Edit Elisa Castren<br />Mar 21, 2016; 2016:bcr2016214431-bcr2016214431<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sAmO0j
An unusual case of KBG syndrome with unique oral findings
Abdul Hafiz<br />Jul 17, 2015; 2015:bcr2015210352-bcr2015210352<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2tkbyTf
Access to essential paediatric eye surgery in the developing world: a case of congenital cataracts left untreated
Marilyn L Vinluan<br />Apr 22, 2015; 2015:bcr2014208197-bcr2014208197<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sAmKO7
Pulmonary co-infection with Nocardia and Aspergillus in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease receiving steroids and tacrolimus
Durga Prasanna Misra<br />Nov 14, 2014; 2014:bcr2014207335-bcr2014207335<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sA44OP
A rare presentation of multiple dens invaginatus in maxillary dentition
Jigar M Purani<br />Aug 1, 2014; 2014:bcr2013200389-bcr2013200389<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2tk3YYs
Thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis: an unusual complication of Crohn's disease
Olushola Ajayi<br />Jun 10, 2014; 2014:bcr2013202150-bcr2013202150<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sAgBSc
Endodontic retreatment of a mandibular first molar with five root canal systems: an important clinical lesson
Muhammad Hasan<br />Mar 20, 2014; 2014:bcr2013201402-bcr2013201402<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2tjXadz
Cold finger: urban frostbite in the UK
Stephen Mulgrew<br />Aug 29, 2013; 2013:bcr1120115167-bcr1120115167<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2sA0hkv
Central nervous system infection with Acanthamoeba in a malnourished child
Sumeeta Khurana<br />Oct 24, 2012; 2012:bcr2012007449-bcr2012007449<br />case-report
http://ift.tt/2tk7lPo
Effects of the GaAlAs diode laser (780 nm) on the periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement in diabetes rats: histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis
Abstract
The purposes of the present study are to assess the effects of the GaAlAs diode laser on the periodontal tissues and to investigate its action on the alveolar bone remodeling process during orthodontic tooth movement in normoglycemic and diabetic rats. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 15 rats: normoglycemic (N), diabetic (D), laser-normoglycemic (LN), and laser-diabetic (LD) rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intravenous injection of 40 mg/kg monohydrated alloxan. The orthodontically moved tooth underwent a force magnitude of 20 cN. The laser irradiation with a continuous emission of a 780-nm wavelength, an output power of 20 mW, and a fiber probe with a spot size of 0.04 cm in diameter and an area of 0.00126 cm2 were used. Moreover, an energy density of 640 J/cm2 was applied in an exposition time of 40 s. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The photobiomodulation (PBM) strongly stimulated the periodontal tissue response, establishing mainly the balance between the bone formation and resorption. Intense inflammatory cell infiltration and extensive loss of bone tissue were mainly found in the D group from 14 days. The number of osteopontin-positive osteocytes was significantly greater in the LN group, followed by the LD, especially at 7 and 14 days, whereas osteoprotegerin-positive osteoblasts were significantly higher in the LN and LD groups than in the N and D groups, respectively, in all periods. The PBM strongly stimulated the alveolar bone remodeling and favored the continuous reorganization of the soft periodontal tissues, leading to the maintenance and integrity of the periodontal microstructure under orthodontic force, especially in uncontrolled diabetic rats.
http://ift.tt/2uiHFT9
Curcumin photodynamic effect in the treatment of the induced periodontitis in rats
Abstract
This study assessed the effect of curcumin as a photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced via a ligature around the mandibular first molar on the left side of 96 rats. The ligature was removed 7 days later, and the animals were randomized into four groups: NT, no local treatment; CUR, irrigation with curcumin solution (40 μM); LED, irradiation with a light-emitting diode (LED, InGaN, 465–485 nm, 200 mW/cm2, 60 s); and aPDT, irrigation with curcumin solution (40 μM) followed by irradiation with LED. Eight animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days post-treatment. Treatments were assessed using alveolar bone loss (ABL) in the furcation region using histological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Rats treated with aPDT exhibited less ABL at 7 days compared to the NT group, moderate pattern immunolabeling for osteoprotegerin at 30 days, and a pattern of immunolabeling for RANKL from moderate to low. Treatments resulted in smaller numbers of TRAP-positive cells compared to the NT group. aPDT as monotherapy using curcumin as a photosensitizer and LED as the light source was effective in the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats.
http://ift.tt/2tJYclW
Calcium hydroxide associated with a new vehicle: Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts. Tissue response evaluation
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate edemogenic activity and subcutaneous inflammatory reaction induced by Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts associated with Ca(OH)2. Thirty male Wistar rats, split equally into three groups [aqueous extract + Ca(OH)2; ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2; and propylene glycol + Ca(OH)2], were assessed every 3 h or 6 h (five animals in each period). Under general anesthesia, 0.2 mL of 1% Evans blue per 100 g of body weight was injected into the penile vein and each combination to be evaluated was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region 30 min thereafter. Edemogenic activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry (λ=630 nm). For inflammatory reaction analysis, 50 rats received four polyethylene tubes (three experimental groups) and an empty tube (control group). The assessments were made at 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and by the assignment of scores for evaluation of tissue response intensity. Ethanolic extract + Ca(OH)2 yielded the largest edemogenic activity at 3 h. Intergroup differences at 6 h were not significant. The histological analysis showed progressive repair over time (p<0.05) and aqueous and ethanolic extracts produced similar responses to those of the control and Ca(OH)2 + propylene glycol groups. Psidium cattleianum leaf extracts used as Ca(OH)2 vehicles evoked similar tissue response when compared to Ca(OH)2 associated with propylene glycol.
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Efficacy of two mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride: a controlled randomized clinical trial
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects of two mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), in comparison to negative control mouthwash. One hundred and twenty subjects were randomly assigned to study groups: test (0.075% CPC and 0.28% zinc lactate), positive control (0.07% CPC) and negative control mouthwash without CPC. All volunteers were examined by a calibrated examiner for the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (Turesky modification) and Löe-Silness Gingival Index (GI). Gingival severity was also measured by the percentage of sites with positive gingival bleeding. During six weeks, oral hygiene consisted of brushing twice daily with a toothbrush and toothpaste and rising with their assigned mouthwash. Plaque and gingival parameters were assessed at baseline, after four and six weeks of product use. Statistical analyses were performed separately for plaque and gingival indices, by ANOVA, paired t-test and ANCOVA (α < 0.05). After 4 and 6 weeks, all mouthwashes groups presented statistically significant reductions in plaque and gingival parameters as compared to baseline. In comparison to the positive control, the test group presented additional reductions in dental plaque of 19.8% and 16.8%, after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. For GI, the additional reductions in the test group were 9.7% and 14.3%, at 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. The test group showed additional reduction of 35.3% and 54.5% in the gingival severity, at week 4 and 6, respectively. It is concluded that the mouthwash containing CPC and zinc lactate presents significant anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis effects as compared to positive and negative control mouthwashes.
http://ift.tt/2tK42no
Reports of uncontrolled clinical trials for directly placed restorations in vital teeth
Abstract Uncontrolled trials are criticized as unreliable. This study aimed to establish how the number of published reports from uncontrolled clinical trials compares to that of controlled trials for directly placed restorations in vital teeth and whether their annual number is increasing, stable or decreasing. PubMed was searched and suitable citations of uncontrolled and controlled trial reports published between 1990–2016 were included. Reference check and hand searching were conducted. The median annual report number with 25 and 75% percentile was calculated for both types of trials. 695 reports were found. The median number of reports per year was 4 (3–7) and 22 (15–26) from uncontrolled and controlled trials, respectively. A statistically significant decreasing ratio of uncontrolled to controlled trial reports was observed (p = 0.01) by linear regression analysis. The number of reports of uncontrolled clinical trials listed in PubMed over the last 27 years appears at least five times smaller than that of controlled clinical trials and its number in relation to that of controlled trials seems to decrease over time.
http://ift.tt/2uj1VUz
Evaluation of deflection forces of orthodontic wires with different ligation types
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate deflection forces of orthodontic wires of different alloys engaged into conventional brackets using several ligation types. Stainless steel, conventional superelastic nickel-titanium and thermally activated nickel-titanium archwires tied into conventional brackets by a ring-shaped elastomeric ligature (RSEL), a 8-shaped elastomeric ligature (8SEL) and a metal ligature (ML) were tested. A clinical simulation device was created especially for this study and forces were measured with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. For the testing procedure, the block representing the maxillary right central incisor was moved 0.5 and 1 mm bucco-lingually at a constant speed of 2 mm/min, and the forces released by the wires were recorded, in accordance with the ISO 15841 guidelines. In general, the RSEL showed lighter forces, while 8SEL and ML showed higher values. At the 0.5 mm deflection, the 8SEL presented the greatest force, but at the 1.0 mm deflection the ML had a statistically similar force. Based on our evaluations, to obtain lighter forces, the thermally activated nickel-titanium wire with the RSEL are recommended, while the steel wire with the 8SEL or the ML are recommended when larger forces are desired. The ML exhibited the highest force increase with increased deflections, compared with the elastomeric ligatures.
http://ift.tt/2tJUk4I
The need for endodontic treatment and systemic characteristics of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the need for endodontic treatment. The subjects included 188 individuals enrolled in the dental care program for transplanted patients of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, FO-UFMG) from March 2011 through March 2016. The patients were subjected to an HSCT conditioning dental regimen based on a thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation. Intraoral periapical and bite-wing X-rays were obtained, and after evaluation, specific dental treatment was planned and performed. The following demographic and clinical data were collected from the patients' medical records: age, gender, transplantation stage, primary disease, transplant type, medication used, complete blood count at the time of visit, and need for endodontic treatment. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the chi-square tests were used. Leukemia (31.3%) and multiple myeloma (17.9%) were the most prevalent primary diseases. Most patients were subjected to allogeneic-related transplantation (83.6%). Most patients exhibited platelet counts and hemoglobin concentrations below the reference values in the pre-transplantation stage, while the neutrophil and platelet counts and the hemoglobin levels were within the reference ranges in the post-transplantation stage. The proportions of individuals requiring endodontic treatment were similar between the pre- and post-transplantation groups: 24.3% and 24.7%, respectively. The systemic conditions of the patients referred for dental treatment were compromised.
http://ift.tt/2uiGVxn
Immunohistochemical expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) in periapical lesion samples correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and thickness of the epithelial lining. Forty-five cases of periapical lesions (23 periapical granulomas and 22 radicular cysts) were subjected to morphological and immunohistochemical analyses using anti-MMP-9 and anti-TGF-β1 antibodies. The data were analyzed using the following tests: non-parametric Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation test (P<0.05). Analysis of inflammatory infiltrate revealed that 78% of periapical granulomas presented infiltrate grade III, in contrast with 32% of radicular cysts (P<0.001). Morphological evaluation of the epithelial thickness in radicular cysts revealed the presence of atrophic epithelium in 86% of the cysts. The immunostaining of MMP-9 was score 2 in 67% of the granulomas and 77% of the cysts. Both lesions were predominantly score 1 for TGF-β1. Significant differences were confirmed between the expression scores of TGF-β1 and MMP-9 in periapical granulomas (p = 0.004) and in radicular cysts (p < 0.001). Expression of TGF-β1 was different for periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. This immunoregulatory cytokine seems more representative in asymptomatic lesions. The extracellular matrix remodeling process dependent on MMP-9 seems to be similar for both periapical granulomas and radicular cysts. TGF-β1 and MMP-9 may play an important role in the maintenance of periapical lesions.
http://ift.tt/2tJUjOc
Differential diagnosis and clinical management of periapical radiopaque/hyperdense jaw lesions
Abstract Great attention has been given to the study of radiolucent periapical lesions to avert possible misdiagnosis of apical periodontitis associated with certain radiolucent non-endodontic lesions. However, there are a significant number of radiopaque lesions found in the periapical region, which could be equally relevant to endodontic practice. The diagnosis and management of these radiopaque/hyperdense lesions could be challenging to the endodontist. These bone alterations could be neoplastic, dysplastic or of metabolic origin. In the context of the more widespread use of cone-beam CT, a detailed review of radiopaque inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions is timely and may aid clinicians perform a differential diagnosis of these lesions. Distinguishing between inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions simplifies diagnosis and consequently aids in choosing the correct therapeutic regimen. This review discusses the literature regarding the clinical, radiographic, histological and management aspects of radiopaque/hyperdense lesions, and illustrates the differential diagnoses of these lesions.
http://ift.tt/2uiLB6w
The role of Osterix protein in the pathogenesis of peripheral ossifying fibroma
Abstract Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive lesion of oral tissues, associated with local factors such as trauma or presence of dental biofilm. POF treatment consists of curettage of the lesion combined with root scaling of adjacent teeth and/or removal of other sources of irritants. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and pathological features of POF and to investigate the immunoexpression of Osterix and STRO-1 proteins. Data such as age, gender, and size were obtained from 30 cases of POF. Microscopic features were assessed by conventional light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical markers, and by polarized light microscopy using Picrosirius red staining. The age range was 11-70 years and 70% of the patients were female. Moreover, the size of POF varied from 0.2 to 5.0 cm; in 43.33% of the cases, the mineralized content consisted exclusively of bony trabeculae. The immunohistochemical analysis showed nuclear staining for Osterix in 63% and for STRO-1 in 20% of the cases. Mature collagen fibers were observed in mineralized tissue in 76.67% of the cases. The clinical and microscopic features observed were in agreement with those described in the literature. Osterix was overexpressed, while STRO-1 was poorly expressed. Osterix was expressed particularly in cells entrapped in and around mineralized tissue, indicating the presence of a stimulus that triggers the differentiation of these cells into osteoblasts or cementoblasts, i.e., cells that produce mineralized tissue. Based on our results, Osterix may play a role in the pathogenesis of POF.
http://ift.tt/2tJPKTK
Translucency and color stability of resin composite and dental adhesives as modeling liquids – A one-year evaluation
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of modeling liquids on the translucency and color shade of resin composites (RCs) after one year of storage. RC specimens were prepared using either a conventional insertion technique (control; without modeling liquid) or a restorative dental modeling insertion technique (RDMIT) with dental adhesives as modeling liquids (Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose [SBMP; 3M ESPE] or Adper™ Single Bond 2 [SB; 3M ESPE]). The initial colors of the specimens were obtained with a digital spectrophotometer and the CIEL*a*b* color system, after which specimens were stored (37°C) in distilled water or red wine for 12 months. Color measurements were reassessed after 6 and 12 months of storage, and scanning electron microscopy was performed after 12 months. Translucency and color change (ΔE*) were calculated and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). RC samples prepared via RDMIT showed a translucency similar to that of control samples. ΔE* was also less intense for RCs containing SBMP than for RCs containing SB. Specimens stored in wine showed a clear pattern of degradation, especially in the control group, and surface degradation seemed to be less intense for specimens prepared with SBMP and SB than for specimens without. Specimens stored in water did not show clear evidence of surface degradation. RDMIT appears to be an interesting approach to reduce ΔE* in RCs over time without negative effects on the translucency of the material. However, the modeling liquid should feature a hydrophobic composition, similar to that used in the SBMP group, the achieve the best results.
http://ift.tt/2uiSGnz
Probiotic therapy reduces inflammation and improves intestinal morphology in rats with induced oral mucositis
Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of systemic administration of probiotics (PROB) on the progression of experimentally induced oral and intestinal mucositis in rats immunosuppressed by chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil: 5-FU). Twenty-four rats were divided into the following groups (n=6): GC (control), GPROB, G5FU and G5-FU/PROB. Groups GPROB and G5-FU/PROB received 1 g of probiotic incorporated into each 100 g of feed (Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacilllus acidophilus), beginning 30 days before oral mucositis induction. Groups G5FU and G5-FU/PROB received 60 mg/kg of 5-FU on days 0 and 2. The left oral mucosa of each animal was irritated by mechanical trauma (days 1 and 2). On days 3 and 7, three animals from each group were sacrificed, and their oral mucosa and small intestine were biopsied and processed for histopathological analysis. Groups G5-FU and G5-FU/PROB showed ulcerated oral lesions at day 3, with progression in group G5-FU and regression in group G5-FU/PROB at day 7. Histologically, less severe signs of inflammation in the oral mucosa were observed in group G5-FU/PROB than in group G5-FU. Regarding the intestine, villus-related defects of lesser magnitude were observed in group G5-FU/PROB, compared with group G5-FU. Group GPROB showed greater villus height than group GC. It can be concluded that probiotic supplementation reduced oral and intestinal inflammation in immunosuppressed rats with experimentally induced mucositis, and may protect the intestine from changes induced by chemotherapy, thus contributing to overall health.
http://ift.tt/2tJNmMP
Clinical performance and failure modes of pulpless teeth restored with posts: a systematic review
Abstract The aim of this systematic review was to compare the clinical performance and failure modes of teeth restored with intra-radicular retainers. A search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Central and ClinicalTrials databases for randomized clinical trials comparing clinical behavior and failures of at least two types of retainers. From 341 detected papers, 16 were selected for full-text analysis, of which 9 met the eligibility criteria. A manual search added 2 more studies, totalizing 11 studies that were included in this review. Evaluated retainers were fiber (prefabricated and customized) and metal (prefabricated and cast) posts, and follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years. Most studies showed good clinical behavior for evaluated intra-radicular retainers. Reported survival rates varied from 71 to 100% for fiber posts and 50 to 97.1% for metal posts. Studies found no difference in the survival among different metal posts and most studies found no difference between fiber and metal posts. Two studies also showed that remaining dentine height, number of walls and ferrule increased the longevity of the restored teeth. Failures of fiber posts were mainly due to post loss of retention, while metal post failures were mostly related to root fracture, post fracture and crown and/or post loss of retention. In conclusion, metal and fiber posts present similar clinical behavior at short to medium term follow-up. Remaining dental structure and ferrule increase the survival of restored pulpless teeth. Studies with longer follow-up are needed.
http://ift.tt/2uiFHSG
Antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.
http://ift.tt/2tJz9Q7
Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expression better relates the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization
Abstract
Background
The binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has never been investigated with reference to the carcinogenesis related biomarkers. Hence, Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA immune-expression were studied in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to assess their relationship with the binary OED grading system of World Health Organization.
Methods
The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 140 OPMD cases. OPMD cases were classified into two groups 'no/questionable/hyperkeratosis/mild' = low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and 'moderate or severe' = high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD 105, and α-SMA antigen.
Results
According to the binary grading system of WHO, 69 (49.28%) cases were LRED, while 71 (50.71%) case showed HRED. There was significant increase in Ki67 labeling index (LI) from NOM to LRED to HRED (p=0.000). Similarly, mean vascular density (MVD) also increased significantly from NOM to LRED to HRED (p=0.000). The α-SMA expression was significantly higher in HERD compared to LRED and NOM (p=0.000). A positive correlation was noted amongst Ki67 LI, MVD and α-SMA expression in NOM, LRED and HRE (p=0.000).
Conclusion
The expressions of ki67, CD105 and α-SMA markers compliment binary grading system of OED in OPMDS, thus justifying its use in clinical practice.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tJG6k8
Health Related Quality of Life among schoolchildren aged 12–13 years in relation to food hypersensitivity phenotypes: a population-based study
While Health Related Quality of Life has been investigated among children with IgE-mediated food allergy, less is known about quality of life among children with other types of hypersensitivity to food. The ai...
http://ift.tt/2szpdIM
A genome-wide association study suggested that the mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 gene (MAPK14) is associated with diabetic foot ulcer
Summary
Background
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a devastating complication of diabetes.
Objectives
We aimed to identify genetic contributors of DFU based on a genome-wide association study approach using a Scottish diabetic cohort.
Methods
A genome-wide association approach was applied. A case was defined as a diabetic patient (type 1 or type 2) who had ever been recorded in the linked e-health records as having a foot ulcer (current or previous) in at least one foot as well as a positive result of the monofilament test in the longitudinal e-health records. A control in this study was defined as a diabetic individual (type 1 or type 2) who has never been recorded as having a foot ulcer in either foot in the linked e-health records and the monofilament test results of any foot was once recorded to be positive in the longitudinal e-health records.
Results
We have 699 DFU cases and 2,695 controls in the Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland (GoDARTS) dataset. The lowest P value of rs80028505 (Chr6p21.31) in the MAPK14 gene was 2.45x10-8. The narrow-sense heritability of this phenotype is 0.06.
Conclusions
We suggest that the MAPK14 gene is associated with DFU.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tCmEW8
Possible gasoline-induced chronic liver injury due to occupational malpractice in a motor mechanic: a case report
Hydrocarbon-induced occupational liver injury is a well-known clinical entity among petroleum industry workers. There are many types of hydrocarbon exposure, with inhalation being the most common. Hydrocarbon-...
http://ift.tt/2uhSvch
Immune biomarkers for chronic inflammation related complications in non-cancerous and cancerous diseases
Abstract
Chronic inflammation arising in a diverse range of non-cancerous and cancerous diseases, dysregulates immunity and exposes patients to a variety of complications. These include immunosuppression, tissue damage, cardiovascular diseases and more. In cancer, chronic inflammation and related immunosuppression can directly support tumor growth and dramatically reduce the efficacies of traditional treatments, as well as novel immune-based therapies, which require a functional immune system. Nowadays, none of the immune biomarkers, regularly used by clinicians can sense a developing chronic inflammation, thus complications can only be detected upon their appearance. This review focuses on the necessity for such immune status biomarkers, which could predict complications prior to their appearance. Herein we bring examples for the use of cellular and molecular biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of patients suffering from various cancers, for prediction of response to immune-based anti-cancer therapy and for prediction of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients. Monitoring such biomarkers is expected to have a major clinical impact in addition to unraveling of the entangled complexity underlying dysregulated immunity in chronic inflammation. Thus, newly discovered biomarkers and those that are under investigation are projected to open a new era towards combating the silent damage induced by chronic inflammation.
http://ift.tt/2uhAf2q
Acute Appendicitis: An Extracolonic Manifestation of Clostridium difficile Colitis
The current report is the case of a 30-year-old male patient who presented with symptomatology suggestive of appendicitis. However, careful history-taking and laboratory tests led to the diagnosis of Clostridium difficile colitis, resulting in successful nonsurgical management of this patient. Although both appendicitis and C. difficile colitis are common conditions, they are rarely diagnosed concurrently. This is reflected by paucity of literature describing this manifestation. Given this current presentation, the authors contend that the manifestation of extracolonic colitis within the appendix is possibly underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed as an acute appendicitis and thus potentially results in unnecessary surgical intervention. This report reminds physicians to consider the medical approach to managing acute appendicitis given the possibility of underlying C. difficile colitis as the causative factor.
http://ift.tt/2tB1YxR
Laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective
To identify the effects of laryngeal surgical treatment in the voice of transgender women, especially on the fundamental frequency (f0).
Study Design
We performed a systematic review in PubMed and Scopus in July 2016, covering the period between 2005 and 2016.
Methods
Inclusion criteria were studies in English or Portuguese about the laryngeal surgical treatment in transgender women, featuring experimental design, title, year of publication, country of origin, journal of publication, participants, intervention, results. For the meta-analysis, only studies that had control group were selected. Exclusion criteria were articles that mentioned the use of surgical techniques but did not use the procedure in research, animal studies, studies of revision, and postmortem studies.
Results
Four hundred and twenty-three articles were identified in the initial search; 94 were selected for analysis by two referees, independently. After applying all the selection criteria, five studies remained in the meta-analysis. The surgical procedures that were identified included laryngoplasty with or without thyrohyoid approximation, Wendler glottoplasty, cricothyroid approximation, laser glottoplasty reduction and the vocal fold shortening and retrodisplacement of anterior commissure. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in relation to f0.
Conclusion
No randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies are available, and a small number of retrospective cohort and case-control studies of surgical techniques reveal an increase in the f0. The evidence produced is not conclusive regarding which surgical technique would be better for vocal treatment of transgender women.
Level of Evidence
NA Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2tBsA1C
Osteonecrosis after intranasal injection with bevacizumab in treating hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: A case report
Intranasal bevacizumab injections have been used in treating hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)-related epistaxis since 2009. It is believed to be a safe and effective treatment for a selected group of HHT patients in reducing frequency and intensity of epistaxis, with few or none adverse effects. In this case report, however, we will describe a patient who developed bilateral osteonecrosis in the knees while undergoing regular intranasal submucosal bevacizumab injections. Although osteonecrosis previously has been documented in patients receiving bevacizumab intravenously in oncologic doses, thus far it has not been reported in patients treated with intranasal submucosal injections. Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2si3roM
Mandibular condylar hypoplasia in children with isolated unilateral congenital aural atresia
Objectives/Hypothesis
We hypothesized that children with isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia have subclinical mandibular condylar hypoplasia ipsilateral to the atretic ear, and that the Jahrsdoerfer score is associated with the degree of condylar hypoplasia.
Study Design
Retrospective self-controlled case series.
Methods
We reviewed high-resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bones of 68 children with isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia. Images were viewed in the transverse (axial) plane perpendicular to the axis of the mandibular ramus and scanned from the mandibular notch to the condylar top. The slice where the condyle had the largest cross-sectional area was measured and checked for correlation with atresia status, age, and sex. The Jahrsdoerfer score of the atretic ear was calculated and correlated with condyle cross-sectional area, age, and sex.
Results
Cross-sectional area of the condyle ipsilateral to the atretic ear was, on average, 8.41 mm2 smaller than the contralateral condyle (P < .0001). The Jahrsdoerfer score was not associated with the condylar cross-sectional area, age, or sex.
Conclusion
Isolated nonsyndromic unilateral congenital aural atresia is associated with mild hypoplasia of the mandibular condyle ipsilateral to the atretic ear. This is consistent with the hypothesis that congenital aural atresia is a variant of craniofacial (hemifacial) microsomia.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2tAGmle
Impact of obstructive sleep apnea in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: An analysis of inpatient data
Objectives/Hypothesis
Although previous studies have reported increased perioperative complications among obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients undergoing any surgery requiring general anesthesia, there is a paucity of literature addressing the impact of OSA on postoperative transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) complications. The aim of this study was to analyze postoperative outcomes in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery patients with OSA. Secondarily, we examined patient characteristics and comorbidities.
Study Design
Retrospective analysis.
Methods
The 2002 to 2013 National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients undergoing TSS for pituitary neoplasm. Patients with an additional diagnosis of OSA were identified, and compared to a non-OSA cohort.
Results
There were 17,777 patients identified; 5.0% (N = 889) had an additional diagnosis of OSA. The OSA cohort had more comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary disease, coagulopathy, hypertension, hypothyroidism, liver disease, obesity, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, acromegaly, and Cushing's syndrome. Postoperatively, OSA was independently associated with increased risks of tracheostomy (P = .015) and hypoxemia (P < .001), and decreased risk of cardiac complications (P = .034). OSA patients did not have increased rates of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, diabetes insipidus, reintubation, aspiration pneumonia, infectious pneumonia, thromboembolic complications, or urinary/renal complications. In-hospital mortality rates did not vary between the two cohorts.
Conclusions
In patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, OSA was associated with higher rates of certain pulmonary and airway complications. OSA was not associated with increased non–pulmonary/airway complications or inpatient mortality, despite older average age and higher comorbidity rates.
Level of Evidence
2C Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2siE99O
Comparison of facility type outcomes for oral cavity cancer: Analysis of the national cancer database
Objective
Determine whether facility type effects overall survival in patients with oral cavity cancer.
Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.
Methods
Patients included in the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with oral cavity cancer between 1998 and 2011 were included in the study. Data was stratified by facility where care was provided, including community cancer programs (CCP), comprehensive community cancer programs (CCCP), and academic centers (AC). Univariate analysis was performed using analysis of variance, chi squared, and log-rank test, whereas multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression.
Results
A total of 32,510 patients were included in the study, with 7.58% of patients receiving care at CCPs (n = 2,553), 39.53% at CCCPs (n = 12,852), and 52.61% at ACs (n = 17,105). Between 1998 and 2011, there was a greater percentage of patients receiving care at ACs, and a greater percentage of patients receiving surgical therapy versus nonsurgical therapy. Patients treated at ACs had the best 5-year overall survival of 51.26%, with a significant difference across facility types (P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, receiving care at ACs was a positive predictor of survival (hazard ratio: 0.95 95% confidence interval [0.91,0.98])).
Conclusion
Patients treated at ACs are more likely to receive surgical treatment, and have a greater 5-year overall survival compared to those patients treated at CCPs and CCCPs. Therefore, we advocate referring patients with advanced oral cavity cancers to ACs.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2tBpryS
Laryngectomy and smoking: An analysis of postoperative risk
Objectives
To investigate the impact of smoking on complication rates following total laryngectomy.
Study Design and Methods
The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all total laryngectomies between 2005 and 2014. Patients were identified as smokers (n = 561) or nonsmokers (n = 513) and compared via univariate and multivariate analyses. A nearest-neighbor propensity score-generating algorithm was used to build a subpopulation (n = 714) of matched cases and evaluated in a similar manner. Additionally, pack-year data was available for select cases and analyzed appropriately.
Results
On multivariate analysis of the unmatched cohort accounting for demographics and confounders, no significant difference in overall medical complications was identified between groups (odds ratio = 0.799, P = 0.495). Propensity matching corrected for all significantly distributed comorbidities, except for alcohol, which remained associated with the smoking group (P = < 0.001). In the matched population, there were no significant differences in complication rates between the two groups. Pack-year data was available for 340 patients. These cases were subdivided into cohorts with < 50 (n = 204) and 51+ (n = 136) pack-years. Postoperative pneumonia, ventilation for more than 48 hours, sepsis, and overall medical complications were associated with > 50 pack-years of smoking. After multivariate regression, sepsis and overall medical complications remained significant for the 51+ pack-year smoking cohort.
Conclusion
After accounting for confounding comorbidities, smoking is found to play an insignificant role in the development of postoperative complications following total laryngectomy. However, those with 51+ pack-years are at an increased risk for postoperative sepsis and overall medical complications following these complex procedures.
Level of Evidence
4. Laryngoscope, 2017
http://ift.tt/2si5jxW
Emerging role of interleukin-31 and interleukin-31 receptor in pruritus in atopic dermatitis
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing, eczematous, severely pruritic skin disorder associated with skin barrier dysfunction. The lesional skin of AD exhibits T helper 2 (TH2)-deviated immune reactions. Interleukin-31 (IL-31), preferentially produced from TH2 cells, is a potent pruritogenic cytokine, and its systemic and local administration induces scratching behavior in rodents, dogs and monkeys. Recent clinical trials have revealed that administration of an anti-IL-31 receptor antibody significantly alleviates pruritus in patients with AD. In this review, we summarize recent topics related to IL-31 and its receptor with special references to atopic itch.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2sDHccn
Meat allergy associated with α-Gal – Closing diagnostic gaps by anti-α-Gal IgE immune profiling
Abstract
Background
Glycoproteins and glycolipids of some mammalian species contain the disaccharide galactosyl-α-(1,3)-galactose (α-Gal). It is known that α-Gal is immunogenic in humans and causes glycan-specific IgG and also IgE responses with clinical relevance. α-Gal is part of the IgE-reactive monoclonal therapeutic antibody cetuximab and is associated with delayed anaphylaxis to red meat. In this study, different alpha-Gal-containing analytes are examined in singleplex and multiplex assays to resolve individual sensitization patterns with IgE against α-Gal.
Methods
Three serum groups, α-Gal-associated meat allergy (MA) patients, idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA) patients with suspected meat allergy and non-meat-allergic healthy control individuals (HC), were analyzed via singleplex allergy diagnostics and a newly established immunoblot diagnostic system. The new dot blot detection system resolved individual IgE sensitization profiles for α-Gal-containing analytes cetuximab, bovine thyroglobulin and HSA-conjugated α-Gal.
Results
Singleplex allergy diagnostics using the α-Gal-analytes cetuximab and bovine thyroglobulin confirms the history of meat allergy patients in 91% and 88% of the cases, respectively. A novel dot-blot-based assay system for the detection of IgE against α-Gal reveals individual IgE sensitization profiles for α-Gal-containing analytes. An α-Gal-associated IgE cross-reactivity profile (IgE against cetuximab, bovine thyroglobulin and HSA-α-Gal) was identified, which is associated with meat allergy.
Conclusions
Detection of individual sensitization patterns with different α-Gal-containing analytes provides the basis for an individual allergy diagnosis for α-Gal sensitized patients. Higher amounts of α-Gal in pork and beef innards compared to muscle meat as indicated by a higher staining intensity are a plausible explanation for the difference in allergic symptom severity.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2t8oHAj
Repetitive Sinus-Related Symptoms May Accelerate the Progression of Chronic Maxillary Atelectasis
Chronic maxillary atelectasis (CMA) is characterized by a progressive decrease in maxillary sinus volume. The factors that promote the stage progression of CMA remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the time course of anatomical changes in a 40-year-old woman with stage II CMA that progressed to stage III disease. She did not show stage progression until she started to develop repetitive sinus-related symptoms. The stage progression was characterized by ocular symptoms. The repetitive inflammatory episodes may have increased the negative pressure in the affected sinus and weakened the bone walls, thereby promoting stage progression. Thus, a history of repetitive sinus-related symptoms may be a risk factor for stage progression in CMA.
http://ift.tt/2tALwh2
New tumour entities in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck tumours: odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours
Abstract
The latest (4th) edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck tumours has recently been published with a number of significant changes across all tumour sites. In particular, there has been a major attempt to simplify classifications and to use defining criteria which can be used globally in all situations, avoiding wherever possible the use of complex molecular techniques which may not be affordable or widely available. This review summarises the changes in Chapter 8: Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone lesions. The most significant change is the re-introduction of the classification of the odontogenic cysts, restoring this books status as the only text which classifies and defines the full range of lesions of the odontogenic tissues. The consensus group considered carefully the terminology of lesions and were concerned to ensure that the names used properly reflected the best evidence regarding the true nature of specific entities. For this reason, this new edition restores the odontogenic keratocyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst to the classification of odontogenic cysts and rejects the previous terminology (keratocystic odontogenic tumour and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour) which were intended to suggest that they are true neoplasms. New entities which have been introduced include the sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and primordial odontogenic tumour. In addition, some previously poorly defined lesions have been removed, including the ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, which are probably developing odontomas, and the odontoameloblastoma, which is not regarded as an entity. Finally, the terminology "cemento" has been restored to cemento-ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasias, to properly reflect that they are of odontogenic origin and are found in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws.
http://ift.tt/2tAPzK5
Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticle as a nanotheranostic agent for magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer
Abstract
Because of their great scientific and technological potentials, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been the focus of extensive investigations in biomedicine over the past decade. Additionally, the surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) makes them a good candidate for photothermal therapy applications. The unique properties of both IONPs (magnetic) and AuNPs (surface plasmon resonance) may lead to the development of a multi-modal nanoplatform to be used as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and as a nanoheater for photothermal therapy. Herein, core–shell gold-coated IONPs (Au@IONPs) were synthesized and investigated as an MRI contrast agent and as a light-responsive agent for cancer photothermal therapy.
The synthesized Au@IONPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential analysis. The transverse relaxivity (r 2) of the Au@IONPs was measured using a 3-T clinical MRI scanner. Through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cytotoxicity of the Au@IONs was examined on a KB cell line, derived from the epidermal carcinoma of a human mouth. Moreover, the photothermal effects of Au@IONPs in the presence of a laser beam (λ = 808 nm; 6.3 W/cm2; 5 min) were studied.
The results show that the Au@IONPs are spherical with a hydrodynamic size of 33 nm. A transverse relaxivity of 95 mM−1 S−1 was measured for the synthesized Au@IONPs. It is evident from the MTT results that no significant cytotoxicity in KB cells occurs with Au@IONPs. Additionally, no significant cell damage induced by the laser is observed. Following the photothermal treatment using Au@IONPs, approximately 70% cell death is achieved. It is found that cell lethality depended strongly on incubation period and the Au@IONP concentration.
The data highlight the potential of Au@IONPs as a dual-function MRI contrast agent and photosensitizer for cancer photothermal therapy.
http://ift.tt/2tgPGrv
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