Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expression better relates the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization

Abstract

Background

The binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has never been investigated with reference to the carcinogenesis related biomarkers. Hence, Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA immune-expression were studied in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to assess their relationship with the binary OED grading system of World Health Organization.

Methods

The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 140 OPMD cases. OPMD cases were classified into two groups 'no/questionable/hyperkeratosis/mild' = low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and 'moderate or severe' = high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD 105, and α-SMA antigen.

Results

According to the binary grading system of WHO, 69 (49.28%) cases were LRED, while 71 (50.71%) case showed HRED. There was significant increase in Ki67 labeling index (LI) from NOM to LRED to HRED (p=0.000). Similarly, mean vascular density (MVD) also increased significantly from NOM to LRED to HRED (p=0.000). The α-SMA expression was significantly higher in HERD compared to LRED and NOM (p=0.000). A positive correlation was noted amongst Ki67 LI, MVD and α-SMA expression in NOM, LRED and HRE (p=0.000).

Conclusion

The expressions of ki67, CD105 and α-SMA markers compliment binary grading system of OED in OPMDS, thus justifying its use in clinical practice.

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