Comparison of passive versus active transcutaneous bone anchored hearing devices in the pediatric population

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of passive versus active transcutaneous bone anchored hearing devices in the pediatric population via Most Recent Articles: Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery Transcutaneous bone anchored hearing devices (BAHDs) were introduced in an effort to avoid potential complications associated with the abutment of percutaneous BAHDs. Transcutaneous BAHDs can be active or pass... View on Web

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MNK/eIF4E inhibition overcomes anlotinib resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader MNK/eIF4E inhibition overcomes anlotinib resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer via Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology Abstract Anlotinib is approved for refractory cases in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This is a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but patients inevitably face prospects of drug resistance during the treatment process. Using anlotinib-resistant NSCLC models, this work investigated the underlying molecular mechanism and systematically addressed the issue of anlotinib resistance. We demonstrated that expression and activity of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) were upregulated in NSCLC cells due to prolonged exposure to anlotinib. eIF4E depletion resulted in significant effects to anlotinib-resistant cells, showing proliferation inhibition and apoptosis inducement. We further showed that MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase (MNK)-dependent eIF4E inhibition by cercosporamide was active against anlotinib-resistant cells and significantly augmented anlotinib's efficacy in parental NSCLC cells. Importantly, observations from in-vitro exp eriments are consistent in in vivo anlotinib-resistant and anlotinib-sensitive NSCLC cancer xenograft mouse models. Our work is the first to reveal that eIF4E is involved intimately in anlotinib resistance development in NSCLC, and this eIF4E activation can be reversed by cercosporamide or other MNK inhibitors. View on Web

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Evaluating the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study in Europeans and East Asians

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluating the role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study in Europeans and East Asians via International Journal of Epidemiology - Advance Access Abstract BackgroundWhether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear and possible differences between ethnicities have not been thoroughly explored. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the role of NAFLD in CVD and T2D risk in Europeans and East Asians. Methods We conducted a MR study using genetic predictors of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liability to NAFLD, aspartate transaminase (AST), liver magnetic resonance imaging corrected T1 and proton density fat fraction and combined them with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics of CVD, T2D and glycaemic traits (sample size ranging from 14 400 to 977 320). Inverse-variance weighted analysis was used to assess the effect of NAFLD in these outcomes, with sensitivity analyses and replication in FinnGen. We conducted analyses in East Asians using ethnicity-specific genetic predictors of ALT and AST, and the respective outcome GWAS summary statistics. Results In Europeans, higher ALT was associated with higher T2D risk (odds ratio: 1.77 per standard deviation, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.08), with similar results for other exposures, across sensitivity analyses and in FinnGen. Although NAFLD proxies were related to higher coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke risk, sensitivity analyses suggested possible bias by horizontal pleiotropy. In East Asians, higher ALT was possibly associated with higher T2D risk, and ALT and AST were inversely associated with CAD. Conclusions NAFLD likely increases the risk of T2D in Europeans and East Asians. Potential differential effects on CAD between Europeans and East Asians require further investigation. View on Web

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The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the prevalence of herpes simplex virus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and the prevalence of herpes simplex virus via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Objective Previous studies have reported a potential anti-infection effect for vitamin D. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and infection with HSV types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2). Methods Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007-2016. The association between 25(OH)D and HSV prevalence was evaluated using propensity score matching (PSM) and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Overall, 14174 participants were included in the final analysis. Before PSM, 8639 (60.9%) had positive HSV-1 and 2636 (18.6%) had HSV-2. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 positive groups had more females and older individuals (P<0.05). The HSV-2 patients had lower 25(OH)D levels than those with HSV-1. Age and g ender did not differ in the groups after PSM (P>0.05). The 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the HSV-1 and HSV-2 groups than in the non-HSV infection groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that serum 25(OH)D level was negatively associated with HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection (OR=0.730 and 0.691, P<0.001, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency was an independent risk factor for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 (adjusted OR=2.205 and 2.704, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion Lower serum 25(OH)D levels correlated significantly with increased HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection risk This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The widest use of paracetamol in home therapy might have actually increased the occurrence of severe forms of COVID‐19 in Italy, affecting hospitalization and death rates.

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The widest use of paracetamol in home therapy might have actually increased the occurrence of severe forms of COVID‐19 in Italy, affecting hospitalization and death rates. via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract A recent contribution by Perico et al., recommended the use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the early stage of SARS-CoV2 infection, preventing the onset of a severe form of COVID-19 and hence reducing the hospitalization rate and the risk of mortality 1. Many previous reports from the same group 2-3 and from ours 4, showed that the use of paracetamol, as recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health since Nov 30 th 2020, usually associated with the advice to monitor one's own developing symptoms at home ("watchful waiting"), increased the risk to be hospitalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The use of electrodermal activity in pulpal diagnosis and dental pain assessment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The use of electrodermal activity in pulpal diagnosis and dental pain assessment via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Abstract Aims To explore whether electrodermal activity (EDA) can serve as a complementary tool for pulpal diagnosis (Aim 1) and an objective metric to assess dental pain before and after local anaesthesia (Aim 2). Methodology A total of 53 subjects (189 teeth) and 14 subjects (14 teeth) were recruited for Aim 1 and Aim 2, respectively. We recorded EDA using commercially available devices, PowerLab and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Amplifier, in conjunction with cold and electric pulp testing (EPT). Participants rated their level of sensation on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) after each test. We recorded EPT-stimulated EDA activity before and after the administration of local anaesthesia for participants who required root canal treatment (RCT) due to painful pulpitis. The raw data were converted to the time-varying index of sympathetic activity (TVSymp), a sensitive and specific parameter of EDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Python 3.6 and its Scikit-post hoc library. Results EDA activity was upregulated by the stimuli of cold and EPT testing in normal pulp. TVSymp signals were significantly increased in vital pulp compared to necrotic pulp by both, cold test and EPT. Teeth that exhibited intensive sensitivity to cold with or without lingering pain had increased peak numbers of TVSymp than teeth with mild sensation to cold. Pre- and post-anaesthesia EDA activity and VAS scores were recorded in patients with painful pulpitis. Post-anaesthesia EDA signals were significantly lower compared to pre-anaesthesia levels. Approximately 71 % of patients (10 out of 14 patients) experienced no pain during treatment and reported VAS score zero or 1. Majority of patients (10 out of 14) showed the reduction of TVSymp after the administration of anaesthesia. Two out of three patients who experienced increased pain during root canal treatment (post-treatment VAS > pre-treatment VAS) exhibited increased post-anaesthesia TVSymp. Conclusions Our data show promising results for using EDA in pulpal diagnosis and for assessing dental pain. While our testing was limited to subjects who had adequate communication skills, our future goal is to be able to use this technology to aid in the endodontic diagnosis of patients who have limited communication ability. View on Web

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Safety of day‐case endoscopic sinus surgery

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Safety of day‐case endoscopic sinus surgery in England: An observational study using an administrative dataset via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Introduction As elective surgical services recover from the COVID-19 pandemic a movement towards day-case surgery may reduce waiting lists. However, evidence is needed to show that day-case surgery is safe for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of day-case ESS in England. Design Secondary analysis of administrative data. Methods We extracted data from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for the five years from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2019. Patients undergoing elective ESS procedure aged ≥ 17 years were included. Exclusion criteria included malignant neoplasm, complex systemic disease and trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. The primary outcome was readmission within 30 days post-discharge. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to compare outcomes for those operated on as day-cases and those with an overnight stay after adjusting for demographic, frailty, comorbidity and procedural covariates. Results Data were available for 49,223 patients operated on across 129 NHS hospital trusts. In trusts operating on more than 50 patients in the study period, rates of day-case surgery varied from 20.6% to 100%. Rates of day-case surgery increased from 64.0% in 2014/15 to 78.7 % in 2018/19. Day-case patients had lower rates of 30-day emergency readmission (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81). Outcomes for patients operated on in trusts with ≥80% day-case rates compared to patients operated on in trusts with <50% rates of day-case surgery were similar. Conclusions Our data support the view that ESS can safely be performed as day-case surgery in most cases, although it will not be suitable for all patients. There appears to be scope to increase rates of day-case ESS in some hospital trusts in England. View on Web

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Neck management of pathological N1 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Neck management of pathological N1 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com This study was performed to compare the effects of neck dissection procedures on the prognosis of patients with pathological N1 (pN1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), analyse factors affecting the prognosis, and provide a neck management strategy for clinical N1 (cN1) oral cancer. The study patients were divided into two groups according to the neck dissection: a selective neck dissection (SND) group (n  = 85) and a radical or modified radical neck dissection (RND/MRND) group (n = 22). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence rates at local, regional, and distant sites between the SND and RND/MRND groups. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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Central nervous system adverse events of ceftazidime/avibactam: A retrospective study using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Central nervous system adverse events of ceftazidime/avibactam: A retrospective study using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics In this commentary, we analyzed reports of nervous system disorders associated with ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime in the FAERS database from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2022. We found that ceftazidime/avibactam showed a relatively stronger sign central nervous system adverse events than meropenem, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in real world. The poor clinical outcome of these events should attract clinical attention, especially for patients with older than 65 years old and long treatment courses. Abstract What is known and objective Many antibiotics are well known for being associated with adverse events (AEs) of central nervous system, ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. In this commentary, we analyzed reports of nervous system disorders associated with CAZ/AVI, meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database from January 2015 to March 2022. Comment The reporting odds ratios (RORs) method was used to detect the safety signals. Up to 15.62% of CAZ/AVI AEs exhibit nervous system disorders associated with CAZ/AVI. A nervous system disorder signal was detected for CAZ/AVI compared with meropenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. Compared with meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, encephalopathy, myoclonus, reported with CAZ/AVI exhibited significant RORs. What is new and conclusion This study found that CAZ/AVI showed a relatively stronger sign nervous system disorder than meropenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone in the real world. The poor clinical outcome of these events should attract clinical attention, especially for patients with older than 65 years old and long treatment courses. View on Web

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Absolute lymphocyte count recovery following initial acute myelogenous leukemia therapy: Implications for adoptive cell therapy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Absolute lymphocyte count recovery following initial acute myelogenous leukemia therapy: Implications for adoptive cell therapy via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background An adequate absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) is an essential first step in autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell manufacturing. For patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the intensity of chemotherapy received may affect adequate ALC recovery required for CAR T-cell production. We sought to analyze ALC following each course of upfront therapy as one metric for CAR T-cell manufacturing feasibility in children and young adults with AML. Procedure ALC data were collected from an observational study of patients with newly diagnosed AML between the ages of 1 month and 21 years who received treatment between the years of 2006 and 2018 at one of three hospitals in the Leukemia Electronic Abstraction of Records Network (LEARN) consortium. Results Among 193 patients with sufficient ALC data for analysis, the median ALC following induction 1 was 1715 cells/μl (interquartile range: 1166–2388), with successive decreases in ALC with each subsequent course. Similarly, the proportion of patients achieving an ALC >400 cells/μl decreased following each course, ranging from 98.4% (190/193) after course 1 to 66.7% (22/33) for patients who received a fifth course of therapy. Conclusions There is a successive decline of ALC recovery with subsequent courses of chemotherapy. Despite this decline, ALC values are likely sufficient to consider apheresis prior to the initiation of each course of upfront therapy for the majority of newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients, thereby providing a window of opportunity for T-cell collection for those patients identified at high risk of relapse or with refractory disease. View on Web

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