Development and Validation of the Mastocytosis Activity Score: MAS

Abstract

Background

Mastocytosis is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a clonal expansion of mast cells in various organs. The vast majority of patients suffer from signs and symptoms caused by mediator release from mast cells. Although the disease burden is high, there is currently no specific and validated instrument to measure and monitor signs and symptoms in patients with mastocytosis.

Objective

To develop and validate a disease-specific tool to measure and monitor the activity of signs and symptoms in patients with mastocytosis, the Mastocytosis Activity Score (MAS).

Methods

Nineteen potential MAS items were developed in a combined approach consisting of semi-structured patient interviews, expert input, and literature research. Item selection was performed by impact analysis with 76 patients followed by a review for face validity. The resulting MAS was tested for validity, reliability and influence factors. In parallel, a US American-English version of the MAS was developed.

Results

68 mastocytosis patients took part in the MAS validation study. The final 9-item MAS was found to have a three-domain structure ('skin', 'gastrointestinal tract', 'other'), a valid total score and an excellent test-retest-reliability. Multiple regression analysis revealed that disease duration, age, or gender are no significant determinant of the MAS results.

Conclusions

The MAS is a disease-specific, valid and reliable patient reported outcome measure for adult patients with cutaneous and indolent systemic mastocytosis. It may serve as a valuable tool to measure and monitor mastocytosis activity, both, in clinical trials and in routine care.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Treatment of intrabony defects with modified perforated membranes in aggressive periodontitis: a 12-month randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of guided tissue regeneration with a modified perforated collagen membrane (MPM) or standard collagen membrane (CM) in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP).

Materials and methods

Fifteen AgP patients were included in the study. Two single intrabony defects of at least 3 mm depth with ≥ 6 mm probing pocket depth (PPD) from each patient were randomly assigned to either xenogenic graft plus MPM (test group) or xenogenic graft plus CM (control group). PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were recorded at baseline and at 12 months. The radiographic assessments included the measurements of defect depth (DD), change in alveolar crest position (ACP), linear defect fill (LDF), and percentage defect fill (%DF).

Results

After treatment, PPD, CAL, DD, and ACP values improved significantly in both groups, without statistical differences between them. However, with respect to LDF and %DF, the 12-month radiographic analysis at MPM-treated sites showed a significant improvement compared to the 6-month outcomes, that was not observed at control sites (additional LDF of 0.4 ± 0.5 mm, p = 0.010 and %DF of 6.4 ± 7.6%, p = 0.025).

Conclusions

Both strategies proved effective in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with AgP. Nonetheless, enhanced LDF and %DF 12 months postoperatively at MPM-treated sites may stem from cellular and molecular migration from the periosteum and overlying gingival connective tissue through barrier's pores.

Clinical relevance

Modification of CM may have positive ramifications on periodontal regeneration.

http://ift.tt/2E4VZYb

Baseline neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio combined with serum LDH level associated with outcome of nivolumab immunotherapy in a Japanese advanced melanoma population

Abstract

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) significantly improve the survival of advanced melanoma, more than half of the patients received no benefit. To predict outcomes, efforts to associate baseline peripheral blood biomarkers were started in patients given treatment with ipilimumab. Among the most critical markers is an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which negatively correlates with outcome. Although several baseline factors have been reported to correlate with outcome in patients treated with nivolumab/pembrolizumab (eosinophil count, lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and c-reactive protein [CRP]), a positive link between NLR and outcome has yet to be shown.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2BYmMiM

Wide skin markings pattern - melanoma descriptor or patient-related factor?

Abstract

We are intrigued by the findings reported in the letter titled "Uncovering the diagnostic dermoscopic features of flat melanomas located on the lower limbs"(1). Bassoli et al investigated the association of the "wider skin marking pattern" with cutaneous melanoma. They state that this feature corresponds to "…linear intercepting furrows, lighter than the lesion's overall pigmentation and wider compared to the surrounding skin. The authors conclude that "recognition of wider skin markings may…prompt the clinician to obtain a biopsy specimen." We respectfully ask the authors to clarify several aspects of their study methodology.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nH7r1F

Application of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) in most common subtypes of Basal Cell Carcinoma and correlation with histopathology

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) accounts for 80% of non-melanoma skin cancer. The identification of the histological subtype is crucial for the correct management of the tumor. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a novel technique that has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the in vivo diagnosis of BCC. In an effort to determine reliable criteria for preoperative diagnosis of BCC subtypes, Longo et al. and Peppelman et al., described RCM criteria present in different BCC subtypes.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hyaluronan metabolism enhanced during epidermal differentiation is suppressed by vitamin C

Abstract

Background

Hyaluronan is a large, linear glycosaminoglycan present throughout the narrow extracellular space of the vital epidermis. Increased hyaluronan metabolism takes place in epidermal hypertrophy, wound healing and cancer. Hyaluronan is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HAS1-3) and catabolized by hyaluronidases (HYAL1 and -2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the KIAA1199 protein.

Objectives

To investigate the changes in hyaluronan metabolism during epidermal stratification and maturation, and the impact of vitamin C.

Methods

Hyaluronan synthesis and expression of the hyaluronan-related genes were analyzed during epidermal maturation from a simple epithelium to a fully differentiated epidermis in organotypic cultures of rat epidermal keratinocytes (REK) using qRT-PCR, immunostainings, and western blotting, in the presence and absence of vitamin C.

Results

With epidermal stratification, both the production and the degradation of hyaluronan were enhanced, resulting in an increase of hyaluronan fragments of various sizes. While the mRNA levels of Has3 and KIAA1199 remained stable during the maturation, Has1, Has2, and Hyal2 showed a transient upregulation during stratification, Hyal1 remained permanently increased, and the hyaluronan receptor Cd44 decreased. At maturation, Vitamin C downregulated Has2, Hyal2 and Cd44, while it increased high molecular mass hyaluronan in the epidermis, and reduced small fragments in the medium, suggesting stabilization of epidermal hyaluronan.

Conclusions

Epidermal stratification and maturation is associated with enhanced hyaluronan turnover, and release of large amounts of hyaluronan fragments. The high turnover is suppressed by vitamin C, which is suggested to enhance normal epidermal differentiation in part through its effect on hyaluronan.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2nH7sTh

Levocarnitine for vismodegib-associated muscle spasms: a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, investigator initiated trial

Abstract

Smoothened inhibitors (SIs) are a new, targeted therapy for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC), but their usage is significantly limited by the most common side effect, muscle spasms. Muscle spasms affect up to 80% of users, and are the most common reason for drug discontinuation despite tumor response. Currently, no placebo-controlled trials exist to guide the management of vismodegib-related muscle spasms. The medical literature suggests that the naturally occurring substance, levocarnitine (LC), can improve contractile function of muscle and reduce markers of exercise-induced stress. Hence, we explored the effect of oral LC on vismodegib-related muscle spasms via a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover design.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2BGUXzI

Factors associated with delayed referral for infantile hemangioma necessitating propranolol

Abstract

Background

Oral propranolol is the gold-standard to treat infantile hemangiomas. There is better efficacy and a lower risk of sequelae if therapy is started before the end of the growth phase, but most children are referred too late. Herein, we report the first study to investigate the delay and its associated factors when referring infants with infantile hemangiomas that need propranolol therapy.

Objectives

The primary objective was to determine the delay in referral (time between age at referral [first phone contact] and the optimal age for referral (fixed at 75 days). The second objective was to determine the impact of weighted factors associated with delayed referral assessed by logistic regression performed on two subgroups (referral <75 vs. >75 days).

Methods

Monocentric, retrospective, observational study included infants with infantile hemangiomas treated with oral propranolol between August 2014 and May 2017.

Results

82 children (83% females) were included. Before referral, 81 (99%) children had seen another physician (a pediatrician in 67% of cases). Median age at referral was 99 [2-478] days and 63% phoned after 75 days. Median age at the first visit was 111 days [2-515] and median age when propranolol was started was 128 days [32-541]. After adjustment, in multivariate analyses, location on the lips (OR (CI_95%): 4.21[1.19–14.89]) and superficial hemangioma (OR (CI_95%): 4.19 [1.55–11.34]) emerged as the most significant factors to influence referral before 75 days.

Conclusions

This study adds to our understanding regarding delayed referral and has identified targets for future information campaigns.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2Bdu8lX

Comparison of fungal fluorescent staining and ITS rDNA PCR-based sequencing with conventional methods for the diagnosis of onychomycosis

Abstract

Background

The current gold standard for diagnosing onychomycosis is direct microscopic examination and culturing. Fungal culture is a time-consuming procedure, while direct microscopy of potassium hydroxide (KOH) mounts suffers from low sensitivity. More rapid and sensitive methods for the diagnosis of onychomycosis are in high demand.

Objective

To establish an effective method for the diagnosis of onchomycosis by assessing the efficacies of fungal fluorescent staining and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sequencing.

Methods

A total of 204 clinical specimens from patients with suspected onychomycosis were analysed. The gold standard for a true positive sample was positive by KOH, culturing, or both methods. All specimens were also tested by fungal fluorescent staining and its rDNA PCR-based sequencing. We compared the detection, sensitivity, and specificity for these two methods with conventional methods.

Results

In total, 126 (62%) and 102 (50%) were detected by fluorescent staining and PCR-based sequencing, respectively. According to the conventional diagnostic standard, the sensitivity of fluorescent staining and PCR-based sequencing was 97% and 78%, respectively, and specificities of 89% and 90%, respectively. Use of fluorescence enhanced the sensitivity of direct examination by 12% compared with KOH. PCR-based sequencing increased the sensitivity by 6% compared with culturing.

Conclusions

Fluorescence microscopy has a higher sensitivity for the detection of fungi in nail specimens compared with KOH and can be used as a rapid screening tool. PCR-based sequencing was faster and more sensitive compared with culture and when used in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy resulted in higher efficiency.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2BGUUE2

Molecular genetic analyses of human endogenous retroviral elements belonging to the HERV-P and -R family in Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

Abstract

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterized by longstanding, scaly patch lesions preferentially involving the buttocks and body areas infrequently exposed to sunlight and by a slow evolution over years from patches to plaques and eventually tumors or erythroderma. Lymph node and visceral involvement, as well as large cell transformation, frequently occur in the late stages of the disease [1]. Sézary syndrome (SS) is an erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with leukemic involvement, an aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis [2].

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2BcMROj

Studying the effect of systemic and biological drugs on intima-media thickness in patients suffering from moderate and severe psoriasis

Abstract

Background

Psoriasis has been related to a large number of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and arteriosclerosis. The increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) could be considered to be a marker of generalized arteriosclerosis.

Objective

To assess the effect of systemic and biological drugs on psoriatic patients′ carotid IMT.

Methods

A prospective study was performed. We studied 53 patients with moderate and severe psoriasis from our psoriasis dermatological unit, analyzing lipid and glucose metabolism and performing a carotid IMT sonography before introduction of systemic and biological drugs. After that, we performed an 8-month closely analytic and sonographic follow-up.

Results

The IMT of the psoriatic patients treated with biological drugs tended to decrease, although this occurrence was not statistically significant (p=0.086). The subgroup analysis revealed that patients treated with Methotrexate (p=0,045) and Anti Il-12/23 (p=0,010) presented a decrease of their IMT levels. This analysis also showed a decrease in glycaemia and insulin levels in patients treated with TNF-alpha Inhibitors and Ustekinumab.

Conclusions

Our study suggest that the carotid-IMT may benefits from treatment with biological drugs, particularly Anti IL-12/23, and methotrexate in patients suffering from moderate and severe psoriasis. However, larger longitudinal studies should be performed in order to fully confirm these results.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2BG0Ygd

Use of Medical Photography Among Dermatologists: A Nationwide Online Survey Study

Abstract

Background

Medical photography enhances patient care, medical education, and research. Despite medical photography's widespread use, little is known about how dermatologists choose to implement photography in routine clinical practice, and how they approach issues of image storage, image security, and patient consent.

Objective

To characterize dermatologists' medical photography habits and opinions.

Methods

A 32-item anonymous, multiple-choice SurveyMonkey questionnaire about medical photography practices was emailed to program directors of the 117 United States (US) dermatology residency programs between May and August 2015, with a request to forward to faculty and affiliated dermatologists. Only board-certified dermatologists practicing in the US were eligible. The Institutional Review Board exempted our study from full review.

Results

Our survey included 153 board-certified dermatologists, primarily representing the northeast (43.1%) and identifying as academic dermatologists (75.5%). Medical photography is prevalent: 61.8% report everyday use and 21.7% photograph every patient. Those reporting rare use (3.3%) were, on average, 20 years older. Dermatologists most commonly use photography to mark biopsy sites (87.5%), track disease (82.9%), and for education/teaching (72.4%). Nearly half (46%) use smartphone cameras. Emailing and texting photographs with patients or colleagues are common (69.1%). Most dermatologists (75.7%) always request patient consent for photographs. Only 23.7% adhere to a photography protocol and 73.9% desire more training opportunities.

Conclusion

Dermatologists value medical photography. While patterns of image acquisition, storage, and consent are noted, a variety of methods and preferences exist. Clearer photography guidelines and increased educational resources are likely to improve image quality, exchangeability, and confidentiality.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://ift.tt/2Bduf0R

Label-free imaging for T staging of gastric carcinoma by multiphoton microscopy

Abstract

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The accurate diagnosis of tumor invasion depth is critical for therapeutic strategy and prognosis. Without fluorescent labelling, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging could directly reveal tissue architecture based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). In this study, we aimed to explore the feasibility of MPM imaging to assess the gastric tumor morphology and infiltration. Unstained slides of 18 fresh gastric tissues with different T staging were examined by multiphoton microscopy. Morphological and quantitative analyses were both conducted. The nuclear area was defined as the area of nuclear boundary. Collagen content was defined as the ratio of SHG pixels to all pixels. Gastric normal and tumor tissues under different T stages visually presented with cellular and subcellular features on fluorescent imaging. The nuclear areas of normal and cancerous cells were 32.01 ± 2.89 and 58.41 ± 6.06 μm² (P < 0.001), respectively. Collagen content was quantified as 0.087 ± 0.012 in normal mucosa but 0.020 ± 0.007 in cancerous mucosa (P < 0.001). All results were in accord with the paired H&E-stained slides. Our findings suggested the convincing potential of MPM for judging T staging of gastric cancer. Without staining intervention, TPEF and SHG of MPM imaging could objectively and quantitatively indicate the subcellular and molecular changes during carcinogenesis. With the advancement of deep penetration, self-focus imaging and three-dimensional (3D) visualization, label-free MPM imaging compacted with endoscopy could be further introduced to realize the real-time in vivo assessment of tumor invasion clinically.

http://ift.tt/2nFU69V

Herpes zoster at the vaccination site in immunized healthy children

Abstract

In this case series, we report seven immunized healthy children without underlying immunodeficiency who presented with herpes zoster that correlated with varicella-zoster vaccination site. The morphology of the lesions included erythematous papules, pseudovesicles, and plaques, with associated pain in two and pruritus in three patients; systemic symptoms ranged from none to low-grade fevers, upper respiratory symptoms, and joint pain. These cases highlight the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications of herpes zoster in vaccinated children.

http://ift.tt/2EhTLUD

Evaluation of the genotoxic effects of formocresol application in vital pulp therapy of primary teeth: a clinical study and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives

This in vivo research investigated whether pulp treatments using formocresol for 7 days would cause mutagenic changes in children's lymphocytes.

Materials and methods

The mutagenicity was tested in lymphocyte cultures established from the peripheral blood of children living in Brazil. The samples consisted of 2000 cells from teeth undergoing formocresol pulpotomies in which the formocresol pellet was sealed in the primary tooth for 7 days. It was removed on the seventh day, the base was placed, and the tooth was restored. Two venous blood samples (6–8 ml) were collected from each child; the first was prior to pulp therapy, and the second was 7 days later. Two thousand metaphases were analyzed. The level of significance adopted for the statistics was P < 0.05, and a random effects meta-analysis was performed combining this and two previous studies.

Results

There was no significant difference found in the metaphase analysis between the blood samples taken before and after the pulpotomy treatment (Wilcoxon signed rank test); however, the meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the combined studies.

Conclusions

This study did not reveal any mutagenic effects, but based on the combined meta-analysis, we recommend the careful use of formocresol.

Clinical relevance

This research helps to bring scientific evidence of the safe use of formocresol in deciduous pulpotomy treatments.

http://ift.tt/2E4wNRr

Impact of simulated reduced alveolar bone support, increased tooth mobility, and distal post-supported, root-treated abutment tooth on load capability of all-ceramic zirconia-supported cantilever FDP

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this in vitro study was an analysis of the impact of simulated reduced alveolar bone support and post-restored, endodontically treated distal abutment tooth on load capability of all-ceramic zirconia-based cantilever-fixed dental prosthesis (CFDP).

Material and methods

The roots of human lower sound premolars (n = 80) were divided into five experimental groups to be restored with all-ceramic zirconia-supported three-unit CFDP regarding bone loss (BL) relative to the cement-enamel junction (CEJ): 2 mm below CEJ = 0% BL (control group), group 25% distal BL, group 50% distal BL, group 50% mesial and distal BL, and group 50% distal BL and adhesive post-supported restoration. Specimens were exposed to simulated clinical function by thermo-mechanical loading (6.000 cycles 5°–55°; 1.2 × 10⁶ cycles 0–50 N) and subsequent linear loading until failure.

Results

Tooth mobility increased significantly for groups with simulated bone loss (p < 0.001). Four specimens failed during thermal cycling and mechanical loading (TCML). The maximum load capability ranged from 350 to 569 N, and did not differ significantly between experimental groups (p = 0.095). Groups with simulated bone loss revealed more tooth fractures at distal abutment teeth, whereas technical failures were more frequent in the control group (p = 0.024).

Conclusions

Differences of alveolar bone support and respectively increased tooth mobility between mesial and distal abutments did not influence load capability. A distal adhesively post-and-core-supported, root-treated abutment tooth did not increase risk of three-unit CFDP failure.

Clinical relevance

CFDPs are a treatment option used with caution when reduced alveolar bone support, increased tooth mobility, and distal post-supported, root-treated abutment teeth are involved.

http://ift.tt/2nMwZK1

Das Recht am eigenen Bild

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 121-122
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-118941

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Rhinoplastik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 141-145
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124386

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Endoskopisch ausgeführte Tympanoplastik mit Vorteilen

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 82-83
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121839

Kuo CH et al. Comparison of endoscopic and microscopic tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017;274:2727–2732 Welche Vor-und Nachteile hat die endoskopisch durchgeführte Tympanoplastik? Wie sieht die Erfolgs- und die Komplikationsrate bei alleiniger Rekonstruktion des Trommelfells und bei Wiederherstellung einer funktionalen Gehörknöchelchenkette aus?
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Fragen für die Facharztprüfung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 138-139
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-101037

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Erhöhtes Schlaganfallrisiko nach Neck Dissection?

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 83-84
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121847

Cramer JD et al. Is Neck Dissection Associated with an Increased Risk of Postoperative Stroke? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2017; 157(2): 226–232 Der Schlaganfall gehört zu den schwersten Komplikationen der Kopf- und Hals- Chirurgie. Wie hoch das Risiko speziell nach einer Neck Dissection ist, haben Cramer und Kolleginnen/Kollegen jetzt in einer retrospektiven Kohortenstudie genauer untersucht.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Medikamentöse Therapie des Schilddrüsenknotens

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 89-91
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124607

Während in Regionen mit ausreichender Iodversorgung die Therapie des Schilddrüsenknotens mit Levothyroxin weitgehend verlassen wurde und auch nicht mehr in den Leitlinien empfohlen wird, gibt es für eine medikamentöse Therapie von Schilddrüsenknoten in Deutschland eine Indikation, wie die randomisierte, placebokontrollierte LISA-Studie nachgewiesen hat.Wesentlicher Grund ist ein leichter Iodmangel bei Patienten mit Schilddrüsenknoten. In der LISA-Studie führte eine Levothyroxin-Iodid-Kombinationstherapie zu einer mindestens 50 %igen Volumenreduktion der Knoten bei 21,6 % der Patienten gegenüber bei nur 5,2 % der Placebo-Behandelten.Unter der kombinierten L-T4-Iodidtherapie wird der TSH-Wert im unteren Referenzbereich eingestellt, eine TSH-Suppression (latente Hyperthyreose) muss vermieden werden, da sie zu Herzrhythmusstörungen führen kann.Im höheren Alter muss aufgrund der kardiovaskulären Risiken die Indikation zu einer Schilddrüsenhormontherapie überprüft, die Dosis häufig reduziert oder die Therapie abgesetzt werden.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Tympanoplastik Typ I im frühen Kindesalter erfolgsversprechend

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 84-85
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123911

Singh GB et al. Paediatric tympanoplasty: comparative study between patients aged 5–8 years and those aged over 14 years. J Laryngol Otol 2016; 130: 635–639
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Aktueller Status der Therapie und Prophylaxe des Oropharynxkarzinoms

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 123-137
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121329

Die Inzidenz von Oropharynxkarzinomen nimmt weltweit signifikant zu. Aufgrund ihres Zusammenhangs mit chronischem Tabak-/Alkoholkonsum, zunehmend aber auch mit dem humanen Papillomavirus HPV-16, sind die Oropharynxkarzinome eine genetisch heterogene Tumorgruppe mit hoher prognostischer Diversifikation. Dieser Beitrag versucht auf Basis der aktuellen Evidenzlage Empfehlungen zu Therapie, Prophylaxe und Früherkennung darzulegen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Durchführung und Interpretation der FEES (Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing)

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 86-88
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125007

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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„Das Thema künstliche Intelligenz ist in der Radiologie angekommen“

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 140-140
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125319

Zum zweiten Mal nach 2017 findet im Februar 2018 der Kongress Emerging Technologies in Medicine – ETIM statt. Initiator des Zukunftskongresses ist Prof. Dr. Michael Forsting, Direktor der Universitätsradiologie Essen. Im Interview skizziert er die Themen der kommenden Tagung und welche Bedeutung sie für die Radiologie haben.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Seltener Nasennebenhöhlen Tumor

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-123652

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Kommentar der Schriftleitung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 79-80
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100459

[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Tropical Dermatology, 2nd ed

http://ift.tt/2nIa2rs

Current concepts in cleft care: A multicenter analysis

The current surgical techniques used in cleft repair are well established, but different centers use different approaches. To determine the best treatment for patients, a multi-center comparative study is required. In this study, we surveyed all craniofacial departments registered with the German Society of Maxillofacial Surgery to determine which cleft repair techniques are currently in use. Our findings revealed much variation in cleft repair between different centers. Although most centers did use a two-stage approach, the operative techniques and timing of lip and palate closure were different in every center.

http://ift.tt/2EJQone

Response to: baseline asthma burden, comorbidities, and biomarkers in omalizumab-treated patients in PROSPERO

We read with interest comments from Oppenheimer and Greenberger1 highlighting the baseline findings of the PROSPERO trial that describe a real-world population with moderate to severe asthma accompanied by multiple comorbidities, a substantial disease burden, and a heterogeneous biomarker profile who were initiated on omalizumab.2 We agree with their conclusions that patients with severe asthma represent a challenging population and that multiple factors must be considered when evaluating patients as candidates for biologic therapies.

http://ift.tt/2BWp9mj

Biologics in allergic and immunologic diseases: promises and challenges in the era of personalized medicine

Discovery of new biologics offer promise in the treatment of chronic, refractory allergic and immunologic conditions. Emerging biologic therapies have ushered in an era of personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, whereby physicians can choose targeted therapies based on disease phenotype. Undoubtedly, this has been a significant advance for patients with conditions such as severe asthma, and also offers hope for successful management of other allergic and immunologic conditions, such as severe atopic dermatitis and refractory chronic urticaria.

http://ift.tt/2nEspOC

Prognostic factors in head and neck mucoepidermoid carcinoma: experience at a single institution based on 64 consecutive patients over a 28-year period

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): M. Granic, P. Suton, D. Mueller, I. Cvrljevic, I. Luksic
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of the salivary glands. The clinical behaviour of MEC is largely unpredictable, ranging from indolent tumour growth to highly aggressive metastatic spread. The objective of this study was to determine the clinicopathological predictors of recurrence and survival in patients with head and neck MEC. The medical records of 64 patients who underwent surgical treatment for head and neck MEC between 1982 and 2010 were reviewed. The main outcome measures were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Clinicopathological parameters evaluated were age, sex, anatomical subsite, histological grade, tumour stage, tumour size, adjuvant therapy, and nodal and margin status. For the entire cohort, the 5-year DFS was 82.8% and the 5-year OS was 67.2%. Histological grade and tumour subsite were statistically significant predictors of OS. Furthermore, tumour stage and nodal status were statistically significant predictors with respect to OS. Advanced tumour stage, high histological grade, submandibular/sublingual localization, and positive nodal status were independent predictors of the prognosis in patients with head and neck MEC. Further studies into the molecular biology of MEC are needed in order to provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with locally aggressive and highly metastatic carcinomas.



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Donor site morbidity after vascularized fibula free flap: gait analysis during prolonged walk conditions

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): N. Hadouiri, D. Feuvrier, J. Pauchot, P. Decavel, Y. Sagawa
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vascularized fibula free flap (VFFF) harvest on gait variables during the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Eleven patients who had undergone VFFF harvest and 11 healthy peers participated in this case–control study. The main evaluation consisted of the collection of gait variables using the GAITRite system during three periods of the 6MWT: beginning (0–1min), middle (2:30–3:30min), and end (5–6min). The 6MWT was significantly shorter in the VFFF group than in the reference group (−31%, P<0.001). Most gait variables differed significantly between the groups for each period (P-value range 0.04–0.0004), including toe in/out on the operated side (P-value range 0.005–0.01). The increase in toe in/out on the operated side suggests a functional modification caused by an imbalance of the agonist–antagonist muscles. On comparison of the different periods, gait velocity decreased between the beginning and middle periods and increased between the middle and end periods in both groups. However, a significantly lower velocity between the beginning and end periods was found only for the VFFF group (P=0.026), suggesting an alteration in physical management. In conclusion, these results suggest that VFFF harvesting could alter gait and joint integrity.



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Editorial Board/Reviewing Committee

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3





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Changes in maxillofacial morphology and velopharyngeal function with two-stage maxillary distraction–mandibular setback surgery in patients with cleft lip and palate

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): T. Susami, Y. Mori, K. Ohkubo, M. Takahashi, Y. Hirano, H. Saijo, T. Takato
Maxillary distraction is increasingly used for the correction of severe maxillary retrusion in patients with cleft lip and palate. However, control of the maxillary movement is difficult, and the need to wear visible distractors for a long period of time causes psychosocial problems. A two-stage surgical approach consisting of maxillary distraction and mandibular setback was developed to overcome these problems. In this study, changes in maxillofacial morphology and velopharyngeal function were examined in 22 patients with cleft lip and palate who underwent this two-stage approach. Lateral cephalograms taken just before the first surgery, immediately after the second surgery, and at completion of the active post-surgical orthodontic treatment were used to examine maxillofacial morphology. Velopharyngeal function was evaluated by speech therapists using a 4-point scale for hypernasality. The average forward movement of the maxilla with surgery at point A was 7.5mm, and the average mandibular setback at pogonion was 8.6mm. The average relapse rate during post-surgical orthodontic treatment was 25.2% for the maxilla and 11.2% for the mandible. After treatment, all patients had positive overjet, and skeletal relapse was covered by tooth movement during postoperative orthodontics. Velopharyngeal function was not changed by surgery. This method can shorten the period during which the distractors have to be worn and reduce the patient burden.



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Quantitative assessment of the learning curve for cleft lip repair using LC-CUSUM

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): E. Segna, J.-B. Caruhel, P. Corre, A. Picard, D. Biau, R.H. Khonsari
The first step in cleft lip repair is the precise positioning of anatomical landmarks and tracing of the incisions on the patient's lip at the beginning of the procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate progress made in learning cleft lip repair tracing using a quantitative assessment of learning curves: LC-CUSUM (learning curve – cumulative sum). Eight surgical residents were enrolled and asked to trace lip repair incisions on five cases of unilateral left cleft lip over 5 consecutive weeks. Results were compared to a reference tracing based on the positioning of nine anatomical landmarks and assessed using LC-CUSUM. Competence was defined as the accurate positioning of the nine landmarks (less than 1.4mm deviation from the reference positions, with an accepted 15% failure rate). After five tracing sessions, competence was not achieved evenly for all trainees, or for all landmarks, underlining differences in inter-individual learning ability even with similar training. However, despite an initial marked lack of theoretical and practical training in lip repair techniques, repeated drawings of cleft lip incisions allowed a satisfactory level of competence to be reached for most landmarks and most trainees. Nevertheless it was found that not all landmarks are understood by students with similar ease, and that landmark positioning reveals significant inter-individual differences. This approach allowed a global assessment of the teaching of cleft repair and will help to focus training on specific problematic points for which competence was not obtained according to the LC-CUSUM test.



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The role of psychological factors in the development of burning mouth syndrome

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): H.S. Yoo, S.H. Jin, Y.J. Lee, C.M. Song, Y.B. Ji, K. Tae
The psychiatric profiles of 50 patients diagnosed with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) were compared to those of 50 age- and sex-matched individuals as the control group. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire was used to evaluate the role of psychological factors in the development of BMS. Somatization, obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, psychoticism, global severity index (GSI), positive symptom total (PST), and positive symptom distress index (PSDI) scores were significantly higher in the patients with BMS than in the control group. In a subgroup analysis according to sex, women with BMS had higher T-scores for somatization, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid ideation, GSI, PST, and PSDI than women in the control group. In contrast, only the PSDI score was significantly higher in men with BMS compared to men in the control group. There was a significant difference in the T-scores for somatization, psychoticism, and GSI between the three age subgroups (≤50, 51–65, and ≥66 years). The obsessive-compulsive and PSDI scores were significantly higher in patients with BMS who also had at least one chronic disease than in patients with BMS who had no chronic disease. In conclusion, psychological factors are correlated with BMS.



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Clinical implications of taste thresholds in patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): T. Tsuji, S. Tanaka, Y. Nishide, M. Kogo, T. Yamamoto
Patients with odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) often complain of reduced taste sensitivity as well as nasal obstruction. The filter paper disc method (the conventional gustatory test) was applied to nine patients who underwent sinus surgery to open the inferior nasal meatus and sinus drainage, on three different days: 1day prior to surgery, 7days postoperative, and 28days postoperative. The same test was applied to nine non-clinical participants with or without clipping the nose to interfere with smooth nasal airflow on two different days. Acquired recognition thresholds for the four basic tastes of sweet, salty, sour, and bitter were assessed. In OMS patients, the recognition thresholds for all four tastes were markedly decreased at 7 and 28days postoperative, and subjective taste sensitivity and the elimination of nasal obstruction was improved. The mean recognition threshold for the four tastes correlated negatively with taste satisfaction scores. Clipping the nose in non-clinical participants induced increases in gustatory detection and recognition thresholds. Despite the small sample size and different ages and sexes of the study subjects, it was demonstrated that nasal obstruction in OMS patients and nose clipping in non-clinical subjects reduce taste reactivity, and surgical intervention to promote nasal airflow recovers impaired taste reactivity.



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Three-dimensionally printed personalized guide plate for percutaneous radiofrequency thermal coagulation in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia

Publication date: March 2018
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 47, Issue 3
Author(s): M. Deng, H. Cai, W. Fang, X. Long
Radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) is used widely for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Precise puncture and placement of the electrode needle tip are crucial for successful RFT. This technical note introduces a novel method for performing RFT using a customized, three-dimensionally (3D)-printed guide plate. Eleven patients with idiopathic TN were treated using this method between February and July 2016. Three had V2 branch TN and eight had V3 branch TN. Punctures in eight patients were successful at the first attempt; slight adjustments were required subsequently in the other three patients. The puncture time in all cases was less than 1min. The patients reported pain relief immediately after RFT, and no complications were observed in any patient. Thus, the customized 3D-printed guide plate offers the advantages of precise placement of the puncture needle and minimal complications.



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Early removal of sequestrum in patients affected by medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

We wish to draw attention to a recent letter by Davies et al,1 in which they point out the importance of removing sequestra in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). They state correctly that there is no gold standard for the surgical or conservative management of MRONJ. Although we agree, we think that early removal of sequestra could be a possible solution. In the case of MRONJ, we learned the value of early removal the hard way, with several failures after conservative approaches.

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Zinc and silica are active components to efficiently treat in vitro simulated eroded dentin

Abstract

Objectives

Biomaterials for treating dentin hypersensitivity and dentin wear were evaluated to efficiently occlude the dentinal tubules and to increase dentin resistance to abrasion.

Materials and methods

Twenty-four dentin surfaces were treated with EDTA to expose dentinal tubules and were (1) non-brushed, (2) brushed with distilled water, or with pastes containing (3) monetite, (4) brushite, (5) Zn-monetite, (6) Zn-brushite, (7) Silica-brushite, and (8) NovaMin®. Topographical, nanomechanical, and chemical analysis were assessed on dentin surfaces (n = 3) after artificial saliva immersion for 24 h, and after citric acid challenge. Twenty-one further dentin specimens were created to evaluate dentin permeability after brushing, saliva storage, and acid application (n = 3). ANOVA, Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0.05), and Student t test (p < 0.001) were used.

Results

Particles containing major proportion of silica attained intratubular occlusion by carbonate crystals (Raman carbonate peak heights 15.17 and 19.24 au; complex modulus 110 and 140 GPa, at intratubular dentin). When brushing with pastes containing higher proportion of silica or zinc, phosphate calcium compounds were encountered into tubules and over dentin surfaces (Raman intratubular phosphate peak heights 49 to 70 au, and at the intertubular dentin 78 to 92). The formed carbonated apatite and calcium phosphate layer were resistant to citric acid application. Zinc compounds drastically increased tubule occlusion, decreased dentin permeability (up to 30%), and augmented mechanical properties at the intertubular dentin (90–130 GPa); it was maintained after acid challenging.

Conclusions

Zinc-containing pastes occluded dentinal tubules and improved dentin mechanical properties.

Clinical relevance

Using zinc as an active component to treat eroded dentin is encouraged.

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Comparative proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells under in vitro osteogenic induction

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): He Wang, Dandan Ma, Xiaoyi Zhang, Shuaimei Xu, Tingting Ning, Buling Wu
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under in vitro osteogenic induction, which imitates the microenvironment during osteo-/odontogenesis of DPSCs and PDLSCs.DesignThe proteomic profiles of osteoinduced DPSCs and PDLSCs from a single donor were compared using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis.ResultsA total of 159 differentially expressed proteins in PDLSCs and DPSCs were identified, 82 of which had a higher expression level in PDLSCs, while 77 were more highly expressed in DPSCs. Among these enriched proteins, certain members from the collagen, heat shock protein and protein S100 families may distinguish osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. Gene ontology (GO) classification revealed that a large number of the enriched terms distinguishing PDLSCs and DPSCs are involved in catalytic activity, protein binding, regulation of protein metabolic processes and response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated several involved pathways, including the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. Further verification showed that the mineralization and migration capacities of PDLSCs were greater than those of DPSCs, in which heat shock protein beta-1, Protein S100-A10 and S100-A11 may play a part.ConclusionsLess than 5% of the differentially expressed proteins make up the comparative proteomic profile between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. This study helps to characterize the differences between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs in vitro.



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Maresin 1 regulates autophagy and inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells through glycogen synthase kinase–3β/β-catenin pathway under inflammatory conditions

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 87
Author(s): Li Du, Yucheng Li, Weifeng Liu
ObjectiveAccumulating lines of evidence suggest that maresin 1 (MaR-1) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in many cell types and plays beneficial roles in inflammatory disease, such as peritonitis and colitis. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that MaR-1 play protective roles against localized aggressive periodontitis. However, the function and mechanism of MaR-1 in human periodontal ligament cells (PDL) cells from periodontitis are poorly understood. The present study aimed to clarify the effects and molecular mechanism of MaR-1 in PDL cell survival and inflammation.MethodsPDL cells were isolated from the middle third of the root surface of premolars from four healthy humans; MTT assay and cell death detection ELISA assay were used to detect cell survival and apoptosis; Inflammatory cytokines level was measured by ELISA assay; RT-PCR and western blot was used to measure the mRNA and protein expression in this study.ResultsHere we found that MaR-1 treatment markedly promotes survival and inhibits apoptosis in PDL cell treated by LPS. MaR-1 treatment strikingly suppressed the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β. MaR-1 also promotes autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, the level of beclin-1 and reduced the expression of p62 in LPS treated PDL cells, which is beneficial to cell survival. Moreover, the results showed that MaR-1-mediated autophagy is dependent on the glycogen synthase kinase–3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin signal pathway. The inhibitor of autophagy 3-MA and the inhibitor of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway LiCL both reverse the effects of MaR-1 on LPS-treated PDL cell survival and inflammation.ConclusionMaR-1 promotes cell survival and alleviates cell inflammation by activating GSK-3β/β-catenin-dependent autophagy. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of chronic periodontitis.



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MicroRNA-186 serves as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma by negatively regulating the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 expression

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): Zhen Cai, Xiu-Yan Hao, Feng-Xin Liu
ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the current study is designed to identify the potential role of miR-186 in OSCC.Materials and methodsRealtime polymerase chain reaction was used to determine miR-186 expression in paired tissue samples (OSCC and adjacent normal tissues) and multiple oral cell lines (normal oral keratinocyte HOK cell and OSCC cell lines). Cell viability, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the biological function of miR-186. Furthermore, luciferase and western blot assays were used to verify the predicted target of miR-186.ResultsWe found that miR-186 expression was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-186 produced an anti-growth effect and induced apoptosis in Tca8113 and SCC-25 cells. Luciferase assay revealed that miR-186 directly targeted PTPN11 (a gene encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2) mRNA 3′ untranslated region and suppressed its expression. Consistently, MiR-186 and SHP2 were negatively correlated in OSCC tissues. Consequently, miR-186 inhibited signaling activities of Extracellular Regulated protein Kinases (ERK) and Protein kinase B (AKT), which act downstream of SHP2 and are critical for growth of cancer cells.ConclusionWe identify that miR-186 serves as a tumor suppressor in OSCC. Downregulation of this microRNA may lead to a higher expression of oncogenic factor SHP2, which leads to activation of growth promoting signaling. Thus, miR-186 may be a novel and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of OSCC.



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The PBII gene of the human salivary proline-rich protein P-B produces another protein, Q504X8, with an opiorphin homolog, QRGPR

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Eiichi Saitoh, Takuya Sega, Akane Imai, Satoko Isemura, Tetsuo Kato, Akihito Ochiai, Masayuki Taniguchi
ObjectivesThe NCBI gene database and human-transcriptome database for alternative splicing were used to determine the expression of mRNAs for P-B (SMR3B) and variant form of P-B. The translational product from the former mRNA was identified as the protein named P-B, whereas that from the latter has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the expression of P-B and its variant form at the protein level.DesignTo identify the variant protein of P-B, (1) cationic proteins with a higher isoelectric point in human pooled whole saliva were purified by a two dimensional liquid chromatography; (2) the peptide fragments generated from the in-solution of all proteins digested with trypsin separated and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS; and (3) the presence or absence of P-B in individual saliva was examined by 15% SDS-PAGE.ResultsThe peptide sequences (I³⁷PPPYSCTPNMNNCSR⁵², C⁵³HHHHKRHHYPCNYCFCYPK⁷², R⁵⁹HHYPCNYCFCYPK⁷² and H⁶⁰HYPCNYCFCYPK⁷²) present in the variant protein of P-B were identified. The peptide sequence (G⁶PYPPGPLAPPQPFGPGFVPPPPPPPYGPGR³⁶) in P-B (or the variant) and sequence (I³⁷PPPPPAPYGPGIFPPPPPQP⁵⁷) in P-B were identified. The sum of the sequences identified indicated a 91.23% sequence identity for P-B and 79.76% for the variant. There were cases in which P-B existed in individual saliva, but there were cases in which it did not exist in individual saliva.ConclusionsThe variant protein is produced by excising a non-canonical intron (CC-AC pair) from the 3′-noncoding sequence of the PBII gene. Both P-B and the variant are subject to proteolysis in the oral cavity.



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Third molar agenesis as a potential marker for craniofacial deformities

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Clarissa Christina Avelar Fernandez, Christiane Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Italo M. Faraco, Mary L. Marazita, Maria Arnaudo, Flavia M. de Carvalho, Fernando E. Poletta, Juan C. Mereb, Eduardo E. Castilla, Iêda M. Orioli, Marcelo de Castro Costa, Alexandre Rezende Vieira
The identification of clinical patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals born with craniofacial deformities may be a useful tool for risk determination of these defects. We hypothesize that specific craniofacial deformities are associated with third molar agenesis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify if third molar agenesis could have a relation with other craniofacial structure alterations, such as cleft lip and palate, skeletal malocclusion, or specific growth patterns in humans.DesignData were obtained from 550 individuals ascertained as part of studies aiming to identify genetic contributions to oral clefts. 831 dental records of patients aged over eight years seeking orthodontic treatment were also included. SN-GoGn angle were used to classify the growth pattern (hypo-divergent, normal and hyper-divergent), and the ANB angle was used to verify the skeletal malocclusion pattern (Class I, II and III). Panoramic radiographs were used to determine third molar agenesis.ResultsA high frequency of third molar agenesis among individuals born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (55%), as well as among their relatives (93.5%) was found. Third molar agenesis was not associated to skeletal malocclusion or growth pattern.ConclusionIt appears that third molar agenesis is associated with the disturbances that lead to cleft lip and palate.



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Structure, property, and function of sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) teeth

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): J.F. Deang, A.K. Persons, A.L. Oppedal, H. Rhee, R.D. Moser, M.F. Horstemeyer
ObjectivesThis paper studies A. probatocephalus teeth and investigates the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the enameloid and dentin.DesignNanoindentation tests with a max load of 1000 μN and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were performed along the diameter of the polished sample. Microstructural analysis of the dentin tubules was performed from SEM images.ResultsFrom nanoindentation testing, the dentin of the sheepshead teeth has a nanoindentation hardness of 0.89 ± 0.21 (mean ± S.D.) GPa and a reduced Young's modulus of 23.29 ± 5.30 GPa. The enameloid of A. probatocephalus has a hardness of 4.36 ± 0.44 GPa and a mean reduced Young's modulus of 98.14 ± 6.91 GPa. Additionally, nanoindentation tests showed that the enameloid's hardness and modulus increased closer to the surface of the tooth. X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data further suggests that the gradient may be a result of the wt% fluoride within the enameloid, where an increase in fluoride results in an increase in reduced Young's modulus and hardness.ConclusionThe microstructural characterization of the number density and area of the dentin tubules were used to address the porosity effect in the dentin to achieve the experimentally validated microhardness. The mechanical properties of the sheepshead teeth were also compared with previous nanoindentation tests from other aquatic species. The sheepshead teeth exhibit a greater reduced Young's modulus and hardness compared to shark and piranha teeth.

Graphical abstract

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Differentiation of stem cells from human deciduous and permanent teeth into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Thanasup Gonmanee, Charoensri Thonabulsombat, Kutkao Vongsavan, Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai
ObjectiveStem cells from pulp tissue are a promising cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative patients based on their origin in the neural crest. The aim of this study was to differentiate and evaluate the ability of human dental pulp stem cells from permanent teeth (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to differentiate into spiral ganglion neurons.DesignAfter isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cell properties, DPSC and SHED were treated with the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The differentiation was identified by immunostaining and qRT-PCR analysis of neuronal markers and measuring intracellular calcium activity.ResultsAfter 2 weeks of induction, morphological changes were observed in both DPSC and SHED. The differentiated cells expressed neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B, protein markers of spiral ganglion neurons. These cells also showed upregulation of the genes encoding these proteins, namely GATA3 and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2. Intracellular calcium dynamics that reflect neurotransmitter release were observed in differentiated DPSC and SHED.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that dental pulp stem cells from permanent and deciduous teeth can differentiate into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells.



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An in vitro study on the influence of viscosity and frequency of application of fluoride/tin solutions on the progression of erosion of bovine enamel

Publication date: Available online 3 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Letícia Oba Sakae, Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra, Samira Helena João-Souza, Alessandra Buhler Borges, Idalina V. Aoki, Ana Cecília Côrrea Aranha, Taís Scaramucci
ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of the viscosity and frequency of application of solutions containing sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous chloride (SnCl2) on enamel erosion prevention.DesignBovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 groups (n = 10), according to the following study factors: solution (C: deionized water; F: 500 ppm F⁻; F + Sn: 500 ppm F⁻ + 800 ppm Sn²⁺); viscosity (low and high); and frequency of application (once and twice a day). Specimens were submitted to an erosive cycling model, consisting of 5 min immersion in 0.3% citric acid, followed by 60 min exposure to a mineral solution. This procedure was repeated 4x/day, for 5 days. Treatment with the experimental solutions was performed for 2 min, 1x/day or 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were significant differences between the levels of the factor solution (p < 0.001), viscosity (p < .001) and in the interaction between solution and viscosity (p = 0.01). Regarding solution, the mean SL ± standard deviation for the groups was F + Sn (4.90 ± 1.12) < F (7.89 ± 1.19) < C (14.20 ± 1.69). High viscosity solutions demonstrated less SL than low viscosity; however, only when applied once a day (p < .001). Applying the solutions twice a day yielded lower SL than once a day, but only for the low viscosity solutions (p = 0.003).ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this short-term in vitro experiment, it could be concluded that increasing the viscosity of the oral rinse solutions reduced enamel loss by erosion; however, this effect was small and only observed when the solutions were applied once a day.



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Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of lemon essential oil on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 87
Author(s): Yanwei Sun, Sijia Chen, Chen Zhang, Yali Liu, Li Ma, Xiangyu Zhang
ObjectivesLemon essential oil (LEO) is a kind of secondary metabolite from lemon peels and has been found to inhibit cariogenic bacteria for decades. However, its effects on main cariogenic virulence factors are rarely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and preliminarily reveal the possible underlying mechanisms.DesignsEffects of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of S. mutans were investigated by the broth dilution method and crystal violet staining method respectively. The expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene was also determined to explore the underlying mechanism. In addition, Tea polyphenols (TP), a major natural inhibitor of cariogenic virulence factors, and limonene (LIM), the major component of LEO, were selected as comparisons to evaluate the effects of LEO.ResultsSub-MICs of LEO, LIM and TP exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth of S. mutans at pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. The formation of S. mutans biofilm was remarkably inhibited and the inhibitory rates of LEO, LIM and TP were 97.87%, 94.88% and 96.01% respectively at 1/2 MIC. Similarly, a down-regulation was observed in the expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene at sub-MIC levels.ConclusionsEffects of LEO were similar or slightly stronger than LIM and TP, suggesting that LEO might represent a novel, natural anticarious agent that inhibited the specific genes associated with bacterial acid tolerance and biofilm formation without necessarily affecting the growth of oral bacteria.



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Proteomics and immunohistochemistry identify the expression of α-cardiac myosin heavy chain in the jaw-closing muscles of sooty mangabeys (order primates)

Publication date: Available online 3 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Christine E. Wall, Megan Holmes, Erik Soderblom, Andrea B. Taylor
ObjectiveThe jaw-closing muscles of humans and nonprimate mammals express alpha-cardiac fibers but MyHC α-cardiac has not been identified in the jaw adductors of nonhuman primates. We determined whether MyHC α-cardiac is expressed in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an African Old World monkey that specializes on hard seeds.DesignLC-MS/MS based proteomics was used to identify the presence of MyHC Iα.Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the composition and distribution of fiber types in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of eight C. atys. Serial sections were stained against MyHC α-cardiac (MYH6), as well as MyHC-1 (NOQ7.5.4D), MyHC-2 (MY-32), and MyHC-M (2F4).ResultsProteomics analysis identified the presence of Myosin-6 (MyHC α-cardiac) in both heart atrium and superficial masseter. MyHC α-cardiac was expressed in abundance in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of all eight individuals and hybrid fibers were common.ConclusionsThe identification of MyHC α-cardiac in the jaw adductors of sooty mangabeys is a novel finding for nonhuman primates. The abundance of MyHC α-cardiac indicates a fatigue-resistant fiber population characterized by intermediate speed of contraction between pure MyHC-1 and MyHC-2 isoforms. We suggest that α-cardiac fibers may be advantageous to sooty mangabeys, whose feeding behavior includes frequent crushing of relatively large, hard seeds during the power stroke of ingestion. Additional studies comparing jaw-adductor fiber phenotype of hard-object feeding primates and other mammals are needed to explore this relationship further.



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Comparative proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells and periodontal ligament stem cells under in vitro osteogenic induction

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): He Wang, Dandan Ma, Xiaoyi Zhang, Shuaimei Xu, Tingting Ning, Buling Wu
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the proteomic profiling of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under in vitro osteogenic induction, which imitates the microenvironment during osteo-/odontogenesis of DPSCs and PDLSCs.DesignThe proteomic profiles of osteoinduced DPSCs and PDLSCs from a single donor were compared using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technique and subsequent bioinformatics analysis.ResultsA total of 159 differentially expressed proteins in PDLSCs and DPSCs were identified, 82 of which had a higher expression level in PDLSCs, while 77 were more highly expressed in DPSCs. Among these enriched proteins, certain members from the collagen, heat shock protein and protein S100 families may distinguish osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. Gene ontology (GO) classification revealed that a large number of the enriched terms distinguishing PDLSCs and DPSCs are involved in catalytic activity, protein binding, regulation of protein metabolic processes and response to stimulus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated several involved pathways, including the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. Further verification showed that the mineralization and migration capacities of PDLSCs were greater than those of DPSCs, in which heat shock protein beta-1, Protein S100-A10 and S100-A11 may play a part.ConclusionsLess than 5% of the differentially expressed proteins make up the comparative proteomic profile between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs. This study helps to characterize the differences between osteoinduced PDLSCs and DPSCs in vitro.



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MicroRNA-186 serves as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma by negatively regulating the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 expression

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): Zhen Cai, Xiu-Yan Hao, Feng-Xin Liu
ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the current study is designed to identify the potential role of miR-186 in OSCC.Materials and methodsRealtime polymerase chain reaction was used to determine miR-186 expression in paired tissue samples (OSCC and adjacent normal tissues) and multiple oral cell lines (normal oral keratinocyte HOK cell and OSCC cell lines). Cell viability, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the biological function of miR-186. Furthermore, luciferase and western blot assays were used to verify the predicted target of miR-186.ResultsWe found that miR-186 expression was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-186 produced an anti-growth effect and induced apoptosis in Tca8113 and SCC-25 cells. Luciferase assay revealed that miR-186 directly targeted PTPN11 (a gene encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2) mRNA 3′ untranslated region and suppressed its expression. Consistently, MiR-186 and SHP2 were negatively correlated in OSCC tissues. Consequently, miR-186 inhibited signaling activities of Extracellular Regulated protein Kinases (ERK) and Protein kinase B (AKT), which act downstream of SHP2 and are critical for growth of cancer cells.ConclusionWe identify that miR-186 serves as a tumor suppressor in OSCC. Downregulation of this microRNA may lead to a higher expression of oncogenic factor SHP2, which leads to activation of growth promoting signaling. Thus, miR-186 may be a novel and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of OSCC.



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Maresin 1 regulates autophagy and inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells through glycogen synthase kinase–3β/β-catenin pathway under inflammatory conditions

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 87
Author(s): Li Du, Yucheng Li, Weifeng Liu
ObjectiveAccumulating lines of evidence suggest that maresin 1 (MaR-1) exerts anti-inflammatory effects in many cell types and plays beneficial roles in inflammatory disease, such as peritonitis and colitis. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that MaR-1 play protective roles against localized aggressive periodontitis. However, the function and mechanism of MaR-1 in human periodontal ligament cells (PDL) cells from periodontitis are poorly understood. The present study aimed to clarify the effects and molecular mechanism of MaR-1 in PDL cell survival and inflammation.MethodsPDL cells were isolated from the middle third of the root surface of premolars from four healthy humans; MTT assay and cell death detection ELISA assay were used to detect cell survival and apoptosis; Inflammatory cytokines level was measured by ELISA assay; RT-PCR and western blot was used to measure the mRNA and protein expression in this study.ResultsHere we found that MaR-1 treatment markedly promotes survival and inhibits apoptosis in PDL cell treated by LPS. MaR-1 treatment strikingly suppressed the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β. MaR-1 also promotes autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3II/LC3I, the level of beclin-1 and reduced the expression of p62 in LPS treated PDL cells, which is beneficial to cell survival. Moreover, the results showed that MaR-1-mediated autophagy is dependent on the glycogen synthase kinase–3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin signal pathway. The inhibitor of autophagy 3-MA and the inhibitor of the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway LiCL both reverse the effects of MaR-1 on LPS-treated PDL cell survival and inflammation.ConclusionMaR-1 promotes cell survival and alleviates cell inflammation by activating GSK-3β/β-catenin-dependent autophagy. These results provide new insights into the mechanism of chronic periodontitis.



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The PBII gene of the human salivary proline-rich protein P-B produces another protein, Q504X8, with an opiorphin homolog, QRGPR

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Eiichi Saitoh, Takuya Sega, Akane Imai, Satoko Isemura, Tetsuo Kato, Akihito Ochiai, Masayuki Taniguchi
ObjectivesThe NCBI gene database and human-transcriptome database for alternative splicing were used to determine the expression of mRNAs for P-B (SMR3B) and variant form of P-B. The translational product from the former mRNA was identified as the protein named P-B, whereas that from the latter has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the expression of P-B and its variant form at the protein level.DesignTo identify the variant protein of P-B, (1) cationic proteins with a higher isoelectric point in human pooled whole saliva were purified by a two dimensional liquid chromatography; (2) the peptide fragments generated from the in-solution of all proteins digested with trypsin separated and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS; and (3) the presence or absence of P-B in individual saliva was examined by 15% SDS-PAGE.ResultsThe peptide sequences (I³⁷PPPYSCTPNMNNCSR⁵², C⁵³HHHHKRHHYPCNYCFCYPK⁷², R⁵⁹HHYPCNYCFCYPK⁷² and H⁶⁰HYPCNYCFCYPK⁷²) present in the variant protein of P-B were identified. The peptide sequence (G⁶PYPPGPLAPPQPFGPGFVPPPPPPPYGPGR³⁶) in P-B (or the variant) and sequence (I³⁷PPPPPAPYGPGIFPPPPPQP⁵⁷) in P-B were identified. The sum of the sequences identified indicated a 91.23% sequence identity for P-B and 79.76% for the variant. There were cases in which P-B existed in individual saliva, but there were cases in which it did not exist in individual saliva.ConclusionsThe variant protein is produced by excising a non-canonical intron (CC-AC pair) from the 3′-noncoding sequence of the PBII gene. Both P-B and the variant are subject to proteolysis in the oral cavity.



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Third molar agenesis as a potential marker for craniofacial deformities

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Clarissa Christina Avelar Fernandez, Christiane Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira, Ronir Raggio Luiz, Italo M. Faraco, Mary L. Marazita, Maria Arnaudo, Flavia M. de Carvalho, Fernando E. Poletta, Juan C. Mereb, Eduardo E. Castilla, Iêda M. Orioli, Marcelo de Castro Costa, Alexandre Rezende Vieira
The identification of clinical patterns of tooth agenesis in individuals born with craniofacial deformities may be a useful tool for risk determination of these defects. We hypothesize that specific craniofacial deformities are associated with third molar agenesis.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify if third molar agenesis could have a relation with other craniofacial structure alterations, such as cleft lip and palate, skeletal malocclusion, or specific growth patterns in humans.DesignData were obtained from 550 individuals ascertained as part of studies aiming to identify genetic contributions to oral clefts. 831 dental records of patients aged over eight years seeking orthodontic treatment were also included. SN-GoGn angle were used to classify the growth pattern (hypo-divergent, normal and hyper-divergent), and the ANB angle was used to verify the skeletal malocclusion pattern (Class I, II and III). Panoramic radiographs were used to determine third molar agenesis.ResultsA high frequency of third molar agenesis among individuals born with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (55%), as well as among their relatives (93.5%) was found. Third molar agenesis was not associated to skeletal malocclusion or growth pattern.ConclusionIt appears that third molar agenesis is associated with the disturbances that lead to cleft lip and palate.



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Structure, property, and function of sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus) teeth

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 89
Author(s): J.F. Deang, A.K. Persons, A.L. Oppedal, H. Rhee, R.D. Moser, M.F. Horstemeyer
ObjectivesThis paper studies A. probatocephalus teeth and investigates the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the enameloid and dentin.DesignNanoindentation tests with a max load of 1000 μN and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) were performed along the diameter of the polished sample. Microstructural analysis of the dentin tubules was performed from SEM images.ResultsFrom nanoindentation testing, the dentin of the sheepshead teeth has a nanoindentation hardness of 0.89 ± 0.21 (mean ± S.D.) GPa and a reduced Young's modulus of 23.29 ± 5.30 GPa. The enameloid of A. probatocephalus has a hardness of 4.36 ± 0.44 GPa and a mean reduced Young's modulus of 98.14 ± 6.91 GPa. Additionally, nanoindentation tests showed that the enameloid's hardness and modulus increased closer to the surface of the tooth. X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data further suggests that the gradient may be a result of the wt% fluoride within the enameloid, where an increase in fluoride results in an increase in reduced Young's modulus and hardness.ConclusionThe microstructural characterization of the number density and area of the dentin tubules were used to address the porosity effect in the dentin to achieve the experimentally validated microhardness. The mechanical properties of the sheepshead teeth were also compared with previous nanoindentation tests from other aquatic species. The sheepshead teeth exhibit a greater reduced Young's modulus and hardness compared to shark and piranha teeth.

Graphical abstract

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Differentiation of stem cells from human deciduous and permanent teeth into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 88
Author(s): Thanasup Gonmanee, Charoensri Thonabulsombat, Kutkao Vongsavan, Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai
ObjectiveStem cells from pulp tissue are a promising cell-based therapy for neurodegenerative patients based on their origin in the neural crest. The aim of this study was to differentiate and evaluate the ability of human dental pulp stem cells from permanent teeth (DPSC) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) to differentiate into spiral ganglion neurons.DesignAfter isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cell properties, DPSC and SHED were treated with the neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). The differentiation was identified by immunostaining and qRT-PCR analysis of neuronal markers and measuring intracellular calcium activity.ResultsAfter 2 weeks of induction, morphological changes were observed in both DPSC and SHED. The differentiated cells expressed neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B, protein markers of spiral ganglion neurons. These cells also showed upregulation of the genes encoding these proteins, namely GATA3 and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2. Intracellular calcium dynamics that reflect neurotransmitter release were observed in differentiated DPSC and SHED.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that dental pulp stem cells from permanent and deciduous teeth can differentiate into spiral ganglion neuron-like cells.



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An in vitro study on the influence of viscosity and frequency of application of fluoride/tin solutions on the progression of erosion of bovine enamel

Publication date: Available online 3 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Letícia Oba Sakae, Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra, Samira Helena João-Souza, Alessandra Buhler Borges, Idalina V. Aoki, Ana Cecília Côrrea Aranha, Taís Scaramucci
ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of the viscosity and frequency of application of solutions containing sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous chloride (SnCl2) on enamel erosion prevention.DesignBovine enamel specimens were randomly distributed into 12 groups (n = 10), according to the following study factors: solution (C: deionized water; F: 500 ppm F⁻; F + Sn: 500 ppm F⁻ + 800 ppm Sn²⁺); viscosity (low and high); and frequency of application (once and twice a day). Specimens were submitted to an erosive cycling model, consisting of 5 min immersion in 0.3% citric acid, followed by 60 min exposure to a mineral solution. This procedure was repeated 4x/day, for 5 days. Treatment with the experimental solutions was performed for 2 min, 1x/day or 2x/day. Enamel surface loss (SL) was determined by optical profilometry. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThere were significant differences between the levels of the factor solution (p < 0.001), viscosity (p < .001) and in the interaction between solution and viscosity (p = 0.01). Regarding solution, the mean SL ± standard deviation for the groups was F + Sn (4.90 ± 1.12) < F (7.89 ± 1.19) < C (14.20 ± 1.69). High viscosity solutions demonstrated less SL than low viscosity; however, only when applied once a day (p < .001). Applying the solutions twice a day yielded lower SL than once a day, but only for the low viscosity solutions (p = 0.003).ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this short-term in vitro experiment, it could be concluded that increasing the viscosity of the oral rinse solutions reduced enamel loss by erosion; however, this effect was small and only observed when the solutions were applied once a day.



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Effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of lemon essential oil on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 87
Author(s): Yanwei Sun, Sijia Chen, Chen Zhang, Yali Liu, Li Ma, Xiangyu Zhang
ObjectivesLemon essential oil (LEO) is a kind of secondary metabolite from lemon peels and has been found to inhibit cariogenic bacteria for decades. However, its effects on main cariogenic virulence factors are rarely reported. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and preliminarily reveal the possible underlying mechanisms.DesignsEffects of LEO on the acid tolerance and biofilm formation of S. mutans were investigated by the broth dilution method and crystal violet staining method respectively. The expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene was also determined to explore the underlying mechanism. In addition, Tea polyphenols (TP), a major natural inhibitor of cariogenic virulence factors, and limonene (LIM), the major component of LEO, were selected as comparisons to evaluate the effects of LEO.ResultsSub-MICs of LEO, LIM and TP exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth of S. mutans at pH ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. The formation of S. mutans biofilm was remarkably inhibited and the inhibitory rates of LEO, LIM and TP were 97.87%, 94.88% and 96.01% respectively at 1/2 MIC. Similarly, a down-regulation was observed in the expression of luxS, srtA and spaP gene at sub-MIC levels.ConclusionsEffects of LEO were similar or slightly stronger than LIM and TP, suggesting that LEO might represent a novel, natural anticarious agent that inhibited the specific genes associated with bacterial acid tolerance and biofilm formation without necessarily affecting the growth of oral bacteria.



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Proteomics and immunohistochemistry identify the expression of α-cardiac myosin heavy chain in the jaw-closing muscles of sooty mangabeys (order primates)

Publication date: Available online 3 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Christine E. Wall, Megan Holmes, Erik Soderblom, Andrea B. Taylor
ObjectiveThe jaw-closing muscles of humans and nonprimate mammals express alpha-cardiac fibers but MyHC α-cardiac has not been identified in the jaw adductors of nonhuman primates. We determined whether MyHC α-cardiac is expressed in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an African Old World monkey that specializes on hard seeds.DesignLC-MS/MS based proteomics was used to identify the presence of MyHC Iα.Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the composition and distribution of fiber types in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of eight C. atys. Serial sections were stained against MyHC α-cardiac (MYH6), as well as MyHC-1 (NOQ7.5.4D), MyHC-2 (MY-32), and MyHC-M (2F4).ResultsProteomics analysis identified the presence of Myosin-6 (MyHC α-cardiac) in both heart atrium and superficial masseter. MyHC α-cardiac was expressed in abundance in the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles of all eight individuals and hybrid fibers were common.ConclusionsThe identification of MyHC α-cardiac in the jaw adductors of sooty mangabeys is a novel finding for nonhuman primates. The abundance of MyHC α-cardiac indicates a fatigue-resistant fiber population characterized by intermediate speed of contraction between pure MyHC-1 and MyHC-2 isoforms. We suggest that α-cardiac fibers may be advantageous to sooty mangabeys, whose feeding behavior includes frequent crushing of relatively large, hard seeds during the power stroke of ingestion. Additional studies comparing jaw-adductor fiber phenotype of hard-object feeding primates and other mammals are needed to explore this relationship further.



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Causes and treatments for nasolabial folds

Nasolabial folds are the lines on either side of the mouth that extend from the edge of the nose to the mouth's outer corners. Learn more here.

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Cochlear implants and 1.5 T MRI scans: the effect of diametrically bipolar magnets and screw fixation on pain

The probability that a patient will need an MRI scan at least once in a lifetime is high. However, MRI scanning in cochlear implantees is associated with side effects. Moreover, MRI scan-related artifacts, dis...

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Cavernous sinus involvement is not a risk factor for the primary tumor site treatment outcome of Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma

Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the head and neck. Cavernous sinus invasion from sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma and its related management have rarely been investigated. This stu...

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Cavernous sinus involvement is not a risk factor for the primary tumor site treatment outcome of Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the head and neck. Cavernous sinus invasion from sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma and its related management have rarely been investigated. This study evaluated the relationship between treatment outcome and cavernous sinus involvement in addition to other parameters.

Methods

A retrospective case series study was conducted at a tertiary referral center. The medical records of 47 patients diagnosed with primary sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma between 1984 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The survival impact of the primary treatment modalities and the anatomic sites of tumor involvement were analyzed.

Results

Cavernous sinus invasion was observed in 8 patients (17%), of whom 7 had ACC tumors originating from the maxillary sinus. The results of univariate analysis revealed that tumor stage, primary surgery, and the absence of skull-base and infratemporal fossa invasion were associated with better overall survival (P = 0.033, P = 0.012, P = 0.011, and P = 0.040, respectively) and better disease-free survival (P = 0.019, P = 0.001, P = 0.017, and P = 0.029, respectively). Multivariate analysis identified primary surgery as the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (P = 0.026). Cavernous sinus invasion by sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma was not associated with worse overall survival or disease-free survival (P = 0.200 and P = 0.198, respectively).

Conclusions

Because maxillary adenoid cystic carcinoma is associated with a higher rate of cavernous sinus invasion, such cases warrant caution during preoperative planning. Primary surgery as the initial therapy provides better locoregional control and survival for patients with sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Cavernous sinus invasion did not significantly impact survival; thus, it should not be regarded as a contraindication for curative treatment.

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Agminated Spitz naevi or metastatic spitzoid melanoma?

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Endoscope-assisted conservative resection and reconstruction in recurrent subglottic carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Very few cases of conservative laryngectomy in recurrent carcinoma of subglottis postradiotherapy have been reported. Technical aspects of conservative resection and reconstruction in subglottic carcinoma have not been well described.

Methods

Herein, we present a case of recurrent carcinoma of subglottis for which conservative resection with adequate margins was done with endoscope assistance and defect reconstructed by buccal mucosa, conchal cartilage, and temporoparietal free flap. The technique of resection, reconstruction, complications, postoperative outcome, and our suggestions are described.

Results

The lesion could be removed with wide margins. Reconstruction could preserve the voice, and deglutition was unaffected. There was no donor site-related complication. Complications were a result of the choice of the stent, which included infection and difficulty in removal.

Conclusion

Selected cases of recurrent carcinoma of the subglottis can be managed by conservative resection with adequate margins and appropriate reconstruction with good functional outcomes.

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Sacrifice and extracranial reconstruction of the common or internal carotid artery in advanced head and neck carcinoma: Review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Sacrifice and reconstruction of the carotid artery in cases of head and neck carcinoma with invasion of the common or internal carotid artery is debated.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases and provide a review and meta-analysis.

Results

Of the 72 articles identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria resulting in the inclusion of 357 patients. The overall perioperative 30-day mortality was 3.6% (13/357). Permanent cerebrovascular complications occurred in 3.6% (13/357). Carotid blowout episodes were encountered in 1.4% (5/357). The meta-regression analysis showed a significant difference in 1-year overall survival between reports published from 1981-1999 (37.0%) and 2001-2016 (65.4%; P = .02).

Conclusion

This review provides evidence that sacrifice with extracranial reconstruction of common or internal carotid artery in selected patients with head and neck carcinoma may improve survival with acceptable complication rates. However, all of the published literature is retrospective involving selected series and, therefore, precludes determining the absolute effectiveness of the surgery.

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Oral retinoids and depression: reply from the authors

We strongly agree with both teams that our review has limitations including the paucity of the information of some reported cases and the limitations inherent to the Naranjo score. Nevertheless, the Naranjo score was developed to achieve consensus in estimating the probability that a drug has caused an adverse event. It is the only tool that can be used to homogenize the reading of very heterogeneous notifications.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Ficlatuzumab With or Without Cetuximab in Treating Patients With Cetuximab-Resistant, Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Conditions:   Head and Neck Basaloid Carcinoma;   Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma;   Recurrent Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma;   Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Origin;   Stage IV Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7;   Stage IV Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IV Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IV Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVA Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7;   Stage IVA Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVA Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVA Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVB Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7;   Stage IVB Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVB Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVB Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVC Lip and Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7;   Stage IVC Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVC Nasopharyngeal Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Stage IVC Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7;   Head and Neck Cancer;   Oropharyngeal Cancer;   HNSCC
Interventions:   Biological: Cetuximab;   Drug: Ficlatuzumab;   Other: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis;   Other: Quality-of-Life Assessment;   Other: Questionnaire Administration
Sponsors:   University of Arizona;   National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Recruiting

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