Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5
Άγιος Νικόλαος Κρήτη 72100
2841026182
6032607174

Πέμπτη 6 Ιανουαρίου 2022

Disulfiram Exerts Antiadipogenic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antifibrotic Therapeutic Effects in an In Vitro Model of Graves' Orbitopathy

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Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
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Optimal Multiple-Layered Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction Using a 360° Suturing Technique

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Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2022 Jan 1;22(1):e1-e6. doi: 10.1227/ONS.0000000000000013.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Advances in technique and instrumentation have improved outcomes after resection of anterior skull base tumors. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in 4%-20% of patients. To reduce the risk of CSF leak, we have developed a novel reconstruction technique that consists of a 4-layered graft with patchwork suturing and hard material.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of this reconstruction technique when used for resection of anterior skull base tumors.

METHODS: This case series included 59 patients with anterior skull base tumors in whom the 4-layered closure technique was used. The main outcome measures were complications, including CSF leak, meningitis, postoperative bleeding, and infection.

RESULTS: There were no CSF leak cases or serious complications after closure of the anterior skull base using t he 4-layered technique.

CONCLUSION: Closure of the anterior skull base in 4 layers prevented CSF leak and was not associated with any serious complications. However, further studies in larger numbers of patients are needed to confirm our outcomes using this closure method.

PMID:34982903 | DOI:10.1227/ONS.0000000000000013

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Clown Nose: A Rare Hypopharyngeal Cancer Metastasis

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Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Jan 5:1455613211069349. doi: 10.1177/01455613211069349. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Cutaneous metastases from squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region are uncommon, and their location at the nasal tip is exceptionally rare. A patient, previously treated with surgery and chemoradiation for a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, developed several red nodular skin lesions at the nasal tip. Biopsy revealed cutaneous metastasis from the primary tumor. This manifestation was previously described as a "clown nose," given their appearance and location. Skin lesions should raise suspicion of malignancy, despite their location at uncommon places, particularly in patients with previous diagnosed cancer. Clinicians must be aware that metastases from head and neck cancer can present as a "clown nose."

PMID:34983248 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211069349

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Clinicopathological Difference Between Gingivobuccal and Oral Tongue Cancers: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study from a Tertiary Healthcare Centre in Northern India

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Abstract

Gingivobuccal and oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas are commonly considered together as a single clinical entity for staging and treatment purposes. Though there is data suggesting a significant difference between SCC of various oral cavity subsites, very few studies have compared clinicopathological characteristics between the tongue and gingivobuccal primaries. We retrospectively analysed 225 patients with biopsy-proven gingivobuccal (GB) and oral tongue (OT) SCC operated between April 1, 2018 and April 30, 2021 in All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India to compare their clinicopathological characteristics. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were collected from electronic medical records. An independent sample t-test was used to compare means and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher exact test was applied to compare the distribution of categorical variables. A relative male preponderance (12:1 vs. 5:1, p = 0.036) and increased smokeless tobacco consumption (82% Vs. 69%, p = 0.003) was seen in GB-SCC. Significantly higher proportion of patients with OT-SCC presented with early primaries (T1/T2) (54.1% vs. 24.8%, p < 0.001). Similarly, a higher proportion of GB-SCC patients presented with palpable neck nodes (cN +) (81% Vs. 67%, p = 0.02). Due to early primary tumours at presentation, stage I/II disease was also significantly higher in cases of OT-SCC (36.5% Vs.13.7%, p < 0.001). No difference was noticed in age at presentation, neck node status, and other clinicopathological parameters. GB-SCC has a higher male preponderance than OT-SCC due to relatively higher consumption of smokeless tobacco in males. Oral tongue cancers presented at an earlier stage than gingivobuccal malignancies. No difference in neck node status, however, suggests a relatively aggressive disease behaviour and early regional metastasis in tongue cancers. Follow up data regarding recurrence and survival is required to further characterise the differences between these two common OSCC subsites.

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Falls Among People With Bilateral Vestibulopathy

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This review examines the current knowledge and applied methods on fall incidence, causes, and injuries in bilateral vestibulopathy.
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A Perplexing Pediatric Parotid Mass

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A previously healthy 8-year-old boy presented to an outpatient clinic for further evaluation of a fluctuating right parotid mass that had been present for 3 years. What is your diagnosis?
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Characterizing Polarity Sensitivity in Cochlear Implant Recipients: Demographic Effects and Potential Implications for Estimating Neural Health

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Abstract

Stimulus polarity can affect both physiological and perceptual measures in cochlear-implant recipients. Large differences between polarities for various outcome measures (e.g., eCAP threshold, amplitude, or slope) theoretically reflect poorer neural health, whereas smaller differences reflect better neural health. Therefore, we expect large polarity effects to be correlated with other measures shown to contribute to poor neural health, such as advanced age or prolonged deafness. Our earlier studies using the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) demonstrated differences in polarity effects between users of Cochlear and Advanced Bionics devices when device-specific clinical pulse designs were used. Since the stimuli differed slightly between devices, the first goal of this study was to determine whether small, clinically relevant differences in pulse phase duration (PD) have a significant impact on eCAP polarity effects to potentially explain the de vice differences observed previously. Polarity effects were quantified as the difference in eCAP thresholds, mean normalized amplitudes, and slope of the amplitude growth function obtained for anodic-first versus cathodic-first biphasic pulses. The results showed that small variations in PD did not explain the observed differences in eCAP polarity effects between devices. Therefore, eCAP polarity sensitivity measures are relatively robust to small differences in pulse parameters. However, it remains unclear what underlies the observed manufacturer differences, which may limit the utility of eCAP polarity sensitivity measures. The second goal was to characterize polarity sensitivity in a large group of CI recipients (65 ears) to relate polarity sensitivity to age and duration of deafness as a proxy for neural health. The same pulse parameters were used for both device groups. The only significant predictors of eCAP polarity effects were age for threshold and amplitude polarity effect s for Cochlear recipients and age and duration of deafness for slope for AB recipients. However, three of these four correlations were in the opposite direction of what was expected. These results suggest that eCAP polarity sensitivity measures likely reflect different mechanisms than the effects that age and duration of deafness induce on the peripheral auditory system.

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Refractory Orofacial Pain: Is It the Patient or the Pain?

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J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2021 Nov-Dec;35(4):317-325. doi: 10.11607/ofph.3009.

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To highlight and discuss the term "refractory" when used to describe pain conditions and its application to orofacial pain, as well as to highlight the factors that must be considered in a refractory patient.

METHODS: A scoping review of recent publications (2010 to 2021) applying the term "refractory" to orofacial pain was conducted, and this paper presents their limitatio ns and definitions.

RESULTS: The term "refractory" is often used to describe pain instead of "persistent" or "nonresponsive." There are clear definitions in the use of refractory for migraine, cluster headaches, and other nonheadache disorders. Currently, the term is applied to pain conditions in order to alter the patient pathway of treatment, sometimes to escalate a patient from one care sector to another and sometimes to escalate treatment to more costly surgical interventional techniques.

CONCLUSION: There is a need for a clear definition for use of the term "refractory" in orofacial pain conditions, excluding migraine and cluster headaches. In addition, there is a requirement for a consensus on the implications of the use of refractory when assessing and managing patients.

PMID:34990500 | DOI:10.11607/ofph.3009

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Temporomandibular Disorders Core Curriculum for Predoctoral Dental Education: Recommendations from the American Academy of Orofacial Pain

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J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2021 Fall;35(4):271-277. doi: 10.11607/ofph.3073.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:34990495 | DOI:10.11607/ ofph.3073

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