A high‐throughput screening platform for pigment regulating agents using pluripotent stem cell‐derived melanocytes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A high‐throughput screening platform for pigment regulating agents using pluripotent stem cell‐derived melanocytes Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract In this study, we describe a simple and straightforward assay using induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived melanocytes and high‐throughput flow cytometry, to identify the effect induced by pigment regulating agents on melanin content. The assay is based on the correlation between forward light‐scatter characteristics and melanin content, with pigmented cells displaying high light absorption/low forward light scatter, while the opposite is true for lowly pigmented melanocytes, as a result of genetic background or chemical treatments. Orthogonal validation is then performed by regular melanin quantification. Such approach was validated using a set of 80 small molecules and yielded a confirmed hit. The assay described in this study may prove a useful tool to identify modulators of melanogenesis in human melanocytes. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

High‐frequency ultrasound as a scientific tool for skin imaging analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader High‐frequency ultrasound as a scientific tool for skin imaging analysis Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Ultrasonic imaging is one of the most important diagnostic tools in clinical medicine due to its cost, availability, and good correlation with pathological results. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is a technique used in skin science that has been little explored, especially in comparison to other sites and imaging techniques. HFUS shows real‐time images of the skin layers, appendages, and skin lesions in vivo, and can significantly contribute to advances in skin science. This review summarizes the potential applications of HFUS in dermatology and cosmetology, with a focus on quantitative tools that can be used to assess various skin conditions. Our findings showed that HFUS imaging is a reproducible and powerful tool for the diagnosis, clinical management, and therapy monitoring of skin conditions. It is also a helpful tool for assessing the performance of dermatological products. This technique may eventually become essential for evaluating the performance of dermatological and cosmetic products. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Senescent cell removal via JAG1‐NOTCH1 signalling in the epidermis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Senescent cell removal via JAG1‐NOTCH1 signalling in the epidermis Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Emerging evidence has pointed to the noxious effects of senescent cells in various tissues, and senescent cells in the epidermis are known to accumulate with age. We hypothesized that there is a mechanism by which senescent cells in the epidermis are preferentially removed and that the function of such removal mechanism declines as age increases. In this study, we investigated whether Notch signalling is involved in such senescent cell removal. We found that Notch1 receptor was expressed more highly in p16INK4a‐positive senescent cells than in surrounding cells in human epidermis both in young and old subjects. On the other hand, the expression of its ligand JAG1 was decreased in the epidermis of aged subjects. When normal epidermal cells and UVB‐irradiated senescent cells were mixed and three‐dimensional reconstructed epidermis was developed in vitro, the senescent cells were preferentially removed from the basal layer and located in the upper layer. We also found that the depletion of senescent cells from the basal layer was suppressed by JAG1 knockdown in normal cells or using a Notch signalling inhibitor. From these results, Notch signalling may be involved in senescent cell removal in the epidermis and the age‐related decrease of JAG1 expression in the basal layer may lead to accumulation of senescent cells owing to reduced activation of Notch signalling. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Intraventricular meningioma admixed with choroid plexus papilloma: a rare case report with review of literature

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Intraventricular meningioma admixed with choroid plexus papilloma: a rare case report with review of literature Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):545-550. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT A 42-year-old male presented with a history of headaches for the previous 2 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a 3 cm-sized well-defined, enhancing mass in the atrium of the right lateral ventricle. The tumor comprised two heterogeneous components: approximately one-third of the tumor exhibited complex and delicate papillary fibrovascular cores lined with uniform cuboidal-to-columnar epithelial cells, whereas the remaining part was seen as a solid sheet comprising ovoid-to-spindle cells with plump cytoplasm, which occasionally had a whorling pattern. Further, immunohistochemical staining with cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) clearly demarcated each component: the CK7+/EMA- choroid plexus papilloma and CK7-/EMA+ meningioma. This report provides a description of an unusual case of concomitant choroid plexus papilloma a nd ventricular meningioma presenting as a single mass, along with a review of relevant literature. PMID:33936380 | PMC:PMC8085822 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) combined with rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSCE) for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) combined with rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSCE) for the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):389-398. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT We evaluated the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) combined with rapid on-site cytological evaluation (ROSCE) in the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, to provide a basis for an accurate diagnosis. Clinical data from three patients with C. psittaci pneumonia diagnosed by the combination of mNGS and ROSCE from June 2019 to June 2020 in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were reviewed. Three patients with community-acquired pneumonia failed to respond to the initial treatment, and were finally diagnosed by bronchoscopic lung biopsy and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) mNGS. According to the ROSCE cytologic characteristics, the scope of the lesions was narrowed to inflammatory lesions excluding tumor and other non-infectious lesions. Subsequently, mNG S results confirmed that the three patients were infected by C. psittaci, sequence numbers 2066, 126, and 1077, respectively. Two patients developed severe pneumonia and required organ function support. The other patient had recurrent high fever and severe headache, which significantly complicated clinical diagnosis and treatment. Eventually, the treatment plan was adjusted according to the mNGS results, resulting in gradual improvement of symptoms and satisfactory prognosis. mNGS combined with ROSCE is effective for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia, having significant advantages in comparison with other detection methods, particularly in the cases of rare pathogens, mixed pathogen infections, and immunodeficient patients. PMID:33936360 | PMC:PMC8085828 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Resiniferatoxin reduces cardiac sympathetic nerve activation to exert a cardioprotective effect during myocardial infarction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Resiniferatoxin reduces cardiac sympathetic nerve activation to exert a cardioprotective effect during myocardial infarction Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):408-416. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common critical disease of the cardiovascular system. The process of MI is often accompanied by the excessive activation of cardiac sympathetic nerves, which leads to arrhythmia. Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), involved in the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex. However, whether RTX can reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia and exert a cardioprotective effect by inhibiting the sympathetic reflex during MI is still unknown. METHODS: The left anterior descending artery of cardiac was clamped to construct a model of MI. RTX (50 μg/ml) was used by epicardial application in MI rats. Ventricular electrophysiologic properties were continuously monitored by a body surface ECG. Yrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) were detected by Im munofluorescence staining. Connexin43 and transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGF-β1) were detected by western blot. Norepinephrine (NE) and BNP levels in blood and tissue were determined by ELISA. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS: The ERP, APD90, QRS, QT and the Tend-Tpeak intervals in MI rats were all prolonged, but decreased after RTX treatment (n = 3, P<0.05). In contrast, the RR interval was shortened in the MI group, but prolonged in the MI+RTX group (n = 3, P<0.05). RTX treatment significantly reduced ventricular arrhythmias after MI. TH- and GAP43-positive nerve densities and TGF-β1, and cx-43 protein expression were up-regulated in the MI group compared to the sham group, and they were decreased in the MI+RTX group compared to the MI group (n = 3, P<0.05). RTX can decrease serum and tissue NE and BNP levels (n = 3, P<0.05). RTX pretreatment significantly decreased h eart rate, HW/BW ratio and LVIDS, and increased LVEF andLVFS values (n = 3, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: RTX improved cardiac dysfunction, ventricular electrophysiologic properties, and sympathetic nerve remodeling in rats with MI by inhibiting the excessive cardiac sympathetic drive. PMID:33936362 | PMC:PMC8085824 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

IL-1β promotes cervical cancer through activating NF-κB/CCL-2

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader IL-1β promotes cervical cancer through activating NF-κB/CCL-2 Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):426-433. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality among women. Interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2), and activation of NF-κB have been proven to be closely related to the progression of various tumors. However, their role in cervical cancer remains unclear. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were detected using MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to measure expression of target genes. IL-1β greatly promoted the release of CCL-2 from HeLa cells. Activation of NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB (p65) nuclear translocation were accelerated by IL-1β. TPCA-1, a blocker of NF-κB, significantly inhibited the release of CCL-2 from HeLa cells. TPCA-1 markedly reversed the promotional effect of IL-1β on viability of HeLa cells. IL-1β increased the cell migration, proliferat ion, and invasion of HeLa cells through targeting the NF-κB/CCL-2 pathway. IL-1β/NF-κB/CCL-2 might be a promising treatment target for cervical cancer treatment and prevention. PMID:33936364 | PMC:PMC8085834 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children and adolescents: a descriptive clinicopathologic study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome in children and adolescents: a descriptive clinicopathologic study Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):399-407. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is an uncommon disorder of the rectum. While benign, it can cause concern for patients and affect quality of life. Reported studies on SRUS worldwide are scarce. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathologic characteristics of SRUS in a cohort of children based in Saudi Arabia. In this study, children with a confirmed diagnosis of SRUS at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) were included, during the period November 2003 to November 2017. Data were collected from hospital medical records. The study comprised twenty-one patients: 17 males (81%) and 4 females (19%); the median age was 11.4 years (range, 5.43-17.9 years). The most common presenting symptoms were rectal bleeding in 21 patients (100%), passage of mucus in 16 (76.1%), abdominal pain in 14 (66.6%), constipation in 13 (61.9%), straining in 9 (42. 9%), and rectal prolapse in 5 (23.8%). The most common finding at initial colonoscopy was a single ulcer in 7 patients (33.3%), multiple ulcers in 6 (28.5%), polypoid lesions in 5 (23.8%), and hyperemic mucosa in 3 (14.2%). All patients received medical treatment and 14 (81%) continued to manifest one or more of the symptoms following treatment, which required subsequent modification of the treatment course. None of the patients required surgery. In conclusion, the study found rectal bleeding to be the most common presentation, with a single ulcer being the most prevalent lesion in endoscopy. Treatment response was variable, but almost half of patients reported relief of symptoms following treatment. PMID:33936361 | PMC:PMC8085826 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Long non-coding RNA CYTOR regulates proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells through regulating miRNA-105/PTEN axis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Long non-coding RNA CYTOR regulates proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells through regulating miRNA-105/PTEN axis Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):434-443. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Colon cancer is a common malignancy, and its incidence and mortality have been increasing in recent years. This study aims to explore the regulation of long non-coding RNA CYTOR on proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells through miRNA-105/PTEN axis. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) disclosed that expression of CYTOR was significantly decreased in colon cancer tissues, compared with that of adjacent normal tissues, while miRNA-105 was significantly increased. Correlation study found that CYTOR was negatively correlated with miR-105. The proliferation, migration, and invasion rates of the LoVo cells with highly expressed CYTOR were significantly slower. miR-105 mimic could suppress the decrease in proliferation, migration, and invasion rates of colon cancer cells caused by overexpression of CYTOR. Additionally, the proliferation, migration, and in vasion rates of the LoVo cells in miR-105 inhibition group were significantly slower. The Starbase database predicted the targeting of miR-105 by CYTOR, and qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter gene method were used to verify the targeting relationship of CYTOR and miRNA-105/PTEN axis. In conclusion, CYTOR can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer cells through targeted inhibition of the miR-105/PTEN axis. PMID:33936365 | PMC:PMC 8085819 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of resveratrol on abnormal bone remodeling and angiogenesis of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of resveratrol on abnormal bone remodeling and angiogenesis of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis Via International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2021 Apr 15;14(4):417-425. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: The effect of resveratrol on subchondral bone in osteoarthritis was explored by constructing a mouse model of osteoarthritis and giving resveratrol as intervention. METHODS: The degree of proteoglycan loss in articular cartilage was assessed by safranine fast green staining. The expressions of Lubricin and Aggrecan, COLX, and MMP-13, the co-expression of CD31 and Endomucin, and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors were determined by immunohistochemistry. TRAP stain and immunostaining were used to assess abnormal subchondral bone resorption and bone formation. Angiography was employed to analyze the effect of resveratrol on the proliferation of subchondral bone vessels. RESULTS: Resveratrol inhibited cartilage thickening and the increase of COLX and MMP-13 expression, delayed the loss of proteoglycan, Lubricin, and Aggrecan, and i nhibited osteoclast differentiation by up-regulating osteoprotegerin (OPG) and down-regulating the expression of RANKL. Angiography showed that resveratrol can reduce the abnormally elevated number and volume of blood vessels in the subchondral bone. Immunostaining showed that resveratrol inhibited CD31hiEmcnhi angiogenesis and high expression of VEGFA and Angiopoietin-1. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol inhibits osteoclast differentiation and reduces active bone resorption by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway, and inhibits the abnormal proliferation of CD31hiEmcnhi blood vessels by downregulating the expression of VEGFA and Angiopoiein-1, thereby eliminating the pathologic coupling mechanism of osteogenesis and vascularization, and delaying the progression of osteoarthritis. PMID:33936363 | PMC:PMC8085829 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Accuracy, predictability and prognostic implications of fine needle aspiration biopsy for parotid gland tumors: A retrospective case series

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Accuracy, predictability and prognostic implications of fine needle aspiration biopsy for parotid gland tumors: A retrospective case series Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Objective To evaluate the precision and utility of Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in differentiating between benign and malignant parotid tumors, and the implications of FNA results on management and outcomes. Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary medical center. Participants All adults who underwent preoperative FNA, followed by postoperative histological examination, between 1986‐2014. Main outcome measures Differences in clinical management and outcomes of patients with parotid masses in light of FNA results. Results We analyzed 505 samples from 485 patients. According to histopathological results, preoperative FNA successfully identified benign tumors in 89% of the cases (362/405), and only 59% of malignant tumors (59/100). Overall sensitivity and specificity of FNA in distinguishing between different subtypes of benign lesions were 80% and 99%, respectively, whereas positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 85% and 98%. Moreover, malignant lesions subtyping had high false‐positive and false‐negative rates with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 44%, 100%, 75% and 99%, respectively. Additionally, when FNA falsely classified malignant tumors as benign, surgeries were inappropriately delayed and the durations of surgeries and hospitalizations were shorter, compared to true malignant‐FNA results. Interestingly, survival was not affected in falsely benign lesions that were mostly low‐grade, conversely non‐diagnostic FNA for malignant tumors resulted in decreased survival. Conclusions Our findings highlight the limitations of FNA as a decision‐making tool in preoperative evaluation of parotid masses. Clinicians should take into account that FNA is inaccurate for identifying specific subtypes of malignant lesions, which may eventually delay treatment and influence outcome. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.