Should patients with NAFLD/NASH be surveyed for HCC?

Background Patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the magnitude of the association still needs to be determined in order to define the need for a specific surveillance strategy. Methods We based our assessment on a previously published review by White et al (1992-2011) and on a systematic review (2012-2017). Results The new search identified 328 abstracts. Combining both eras (1992-2011 and 2012-2017), 25 studies were included in the analysis. Four were prospective, 2 described a retrospective analysis of a prospective database, and the others were retrospective. All studies were published after 2004, but the inclusion period of half of them ended before the year 2000. Studies showed variation in the definition of NAFLD, in the incidence of fibrosis/cirrhosis, in the presence of comorbidities (potentially affecting HCC incidence), and in the type and duration of screening. Considering only studies strictly including patients with or without cirrhosis, the reported incidence of HCC in NAFLD patients with cirrhosis was between 6.7 and 15% at 5-10 years, while the incidence in NAFLD patients without cirrhosis was 2.7% at 10 years and 23 per 100 000 person-years. Conclusions HCC screening in NAFLD patients with cirrhosis is mandatory. However, the currently observed low (and insufficiently documented) incidence of HCC in NAFLD-patients without cirrhosis does not justify a systematic surveillance. Research efforts should focus on developing a score, which could aid the clinician in identifying NAFLD patients without cirrhosis who are at higher risk of developing HCC. Corresponding authors: María Reig, BCLC group. Liver Unit. IMDiM. CIBEREHD. IDIBAPS. Hospital Clínic. c/ Villarroel, 170. Escala 11, 4ª planta. 08036. Barcelona. Spain. Phone: +34 932279803; Fax: +34 932275792. Email: mreig1@clinic.ub.es; Christian Toso, Geneva University Hospitals, Department of Surgery, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Phone: +41 223723311, Fax : +41 223727755. E-mail : christian.toso@hcuge.ch Authorship: María Reig and Christian Toso, participated in the research design, and all authors participated in the writing of the paper, performance of the research, and/or participated in data analysis. Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: CT was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (PP00P3_165837). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The use of smartphone for liver graft biopsy assessment at the time of procurement

No abstract available

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Comparison of the different retention appliances produced using CAD/CAM and conventional methods and different surface roughening methods

Abstract

The purposes of this study are to conduct an in vitro comparison of the shear bond strength, breakage mode, and wire deformation of three different types of retainers and to compare the subsequent enamel surface changes. Two hundred seventy intact lower incisor teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks in pairs. Dead wire and CAD/CAM-fabricated and fiber-reinforced wires were applied to the teeth roughened with acid and Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG laser. The surface roughness was observed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The samples were analyzed for shear bonds. The dead wire and acid group were found to have the highest bonding strength and the strengths for all groups in which acid was used as an agent were found to be higher than others. Deformation of retainers was most noted in the dead wire-acid group. Among all the groups, the CAD/CAM-fabricated wire group showed the least deformation, with no deformation observed. In this study, it was determined that there is a significant correlation between ARI scores and agents. Consequently, acid etching was found to create more enamel surface roughness than laser groups. It was also seen that the combined use of the acid method and dead soft wire had the highest bond strength, even though it was not statistically significant. It was concluded that CAD/CAM-fabricated wire provides the opportunity for reuse in clinical applications due to its lack of deformation, being more conservative for the patient, and being more advantageous for the clinician in terms of session time, considering the residual adhesive amount left on the enamel surface.

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Penoscrotal swelling—an unusual occurrence in a patient with an anastomotic leak following ileostomy closure

Abstract

Diverting loop ileostomy is a frequently done procedure accompanying colorectal surgeries. Dreaded complication is anastomotic leak. Early identification of anastomotic leak and apt management is required for better outcomes. Most often leak presents with fever, abdominal pain, rigidity, fever and hemodynamic instability. We report a rare occurrence of penoscrotal oedema in a patient with anastomotic leak and spontaneously subsiding with drainage of leaked contents.

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‘No visible lesions?’—an unusual case of Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder

Abstract

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the bladder is an extremely rare benign condition. The clinical features are similar to other bladder tumours. Its pathogenesis is unclear and its role as a precursor of adenocarcinoma has long been debated. Transurethral resection is the main form of treatment for IM. We report the case of a 49-year-old gentleman who presented with visible haematuria. He was submitted to multiple cystoscopies which showed no macroscopic irregularities. Radiological (CT urogram and multiparametric MRI) imaging revealed abnormalities within the bladder neck, suspicious of a neoplastic lesion. Following transurethral resection of his trigonal area, pathology demonstrated IM occurring on a background of cystitis glandularis. This case highlights the unusual difficulty in macroscopically diagnosing IM of the bladder compared to other neoplasms of the bladder. Therefore, in patients with persistent visible haematuria there should be a low threshold to perform biopsies.

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A case of extensive hepatic adenomatosis in a renal transplant patient

Abstract

Hepatic adenomatosis (HA) is a rare condition that is traditionally associated with oral contraceptive use, glycogen storage diseases or metabolic syndrome. Here we present a renal transplant recipient that was diagnosed with HA and has none of the traditional risk factors. We review the literature on diagnosing and managing HA.

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Pneumoperitoneum caused by tubo-ovarian abscess in an elderly patient

Abstract

Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract may present with abdominal pain and imaging demonstrating pneumoperitoneum. These findings usually require exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment. Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease presenting as an encapsulated inflammatory mass, but it can occasionally involve other pelvic organs. TOA is most commonly seen in females of reproductive age. Here we report a case of a 63-year-old female presenting with abdominal pain, fever and vomiting. Chest x rays and computed tomography scan revealed pneumoperitoneum. Emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the findings were consistent with TOA and intact bowel. The patient recovered well after surgery with antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, while pneumoperitoneum is mostly caused by perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, other possibilities such as gynecological complications should be considered.

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Primary dural lymphoma mimicking meningioma: a clinical and surgical case report

Abstract

Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphoma and its subtype, primary dural lymphoma, are types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that only occur in the central nervous system without any dissemination. They are extremely rare cases of extra nodal lymphomas accounting for 1--5% of intracranial tumors. Case report: We present a patient diagnosed with primary dural lymphoma in right frontal brain region who underwent surgical resection. Histopathological analysis revealed diffuse B-type large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patient underwent four cycles of R-CHOP and intrathecal methotrexate protocol. Six months postoperative, no signs of newly onset infiltration were present. Discussion: Primary dural lymphoma most likely presents with unusual radiological signs, which can easily be mistaken for meningioma, the main differential diagnosis. A thorough immunological, histopathological and clinical patients profile should be conducted in order to establish the certainty of diagnosis. Although there are few treatment options: surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, there is no established treatment protocol.

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Adjuvant radiation for T1-2N1 oral cavity cancer survival outcomes and utilization treatment trends: Analysis of the SEER database

Publication date: October 2018

Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 85

Author(s): Vanessa Torrecillas, Hailey M. Shepherd, Sam Francis, Luke O. Buchmann, Marcus M. Monroe, Shane Lloyd, Donald Cannon, Ying J. Hitchcock, John R. Weis, Jason P. Hunt, Jeffrey J. Houlton, Richard B. Cannon

Abstract

Objective

Evaluate current practice patterns in the use of adjuvant radiation for T1-2N1 OCSCC patients and investigate its efficacy in the population-based setting.

Materials and methods

This study extracted patients who were treated surgically for T1N1 and T2N1 OCSCC without adverse nodal features from the SEER database from 2004 to 2013. Patients with distant metastatic disease, unknown surgery or radiation status, or prior malignancies were excluded. Patients were divided into those who underwent surgical resection with and without adjuvant radiation. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were the primary outcomes measured.

Results

746 patients met inclusion criteria and 70% received adjuvant radiation therapy. Treatment with adjuvant radiation therapy was significantly associated with improved 5-year DSS (65% versus 51%; p < 0.001) and OS (54% versus 44%; p = 0.007) for T1N1 tumors. Likewise, improved 5-year DSS (58% versus 38%; p = 0.009) and OS (48% versus 28%; p = 0.004) was shown in T2N1 tumors. Patients with T2N1 tumors wer significantly more likely to receive adjuvant radiation (75% versus 63%; p < 0.001). Those with insurance and high risk primary subsites: buccal, retromolar trigone, and hard palate were more likely to receive adjuvant radiation. The percent utilization of adjuvant radiation remained constant through the study period for T2N1 tumors (72–74%) but significantly decreased for T1N1 (71–55%) (p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Adjuvant radiation therapy is independently associated with a significant survival benefit for patients with both T1N1 and T2N1 OCSCC. However, this study demonstrates that patients with T1N1 cancer are less likely to receive adjuvant radiation and utilization is decreasing.

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Correction to: High PD-L1 expression indicates poor prognosis of HIV-infected patients with non-small cell lung cancer

The graphs are incorrectly identified in Fig. 3i, s and should be replaced with the following.

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Oral hairy leukoplakia in healthy immunocompetent patients: a small case series

Abstract

Background

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and usually presents in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and systemic immunosuppression. It is rarely seen in patients who are immunocompetent. It is clinically characterised as an asymptomatic, soft, white and corrugated lesion that cannot be scraped from the surface it adheres to.

Methods

Immunocompetent patients with OHL attending Bristol Dental Hospital within the last 6 months were identified. EBV infection was demonstrated using EBV in situ hybridization. Clinical features and medical history were determined by reviewing medical records.

Case report

Four cases of OHL in immunocompetent individuals were identified. All lesions were located on the lateral borders of the tongue.

Discussion

OHL should be considered as a differential diagnosis for white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue in apparently healthy immunocompetent patients, even when they do not have a typical corrugated appearance. OHL should no longer be regarded as pathognomonic for HIV infection or systemic immunosuppression.

https://ift.tt/2LRH8Ed

Oral hairy leukoplakia in healthy immunocompetent patients: a small case series

Abstract

Background

Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and usually presents in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and systemic immunosuppression. It is rarely seen in patients who are immunocompetent. It is clinically characterised as an asymptomatic, soft, white and corrugated lesion that cannot be scraped from the surface it adheres to.

Methods

Immunocompetent patients with OHL attending Bristol Dental Hospital within the last 6 months were identified. EBV infection was demonstrated using EBV in situ hybridization. Clinical features and medical history were determined by reviewing medical records.

Case report

Four cases of OHL in immunocompetent individuals were identified. All lesions were located on the lateral borders of the tongue.

Discussion

OHL should be considered as a differential diagnosis for white patches on the lateral borders of the tongue in apparently healthy immunocompetent patients, even when they do not have a typical corrugated appearance. OHL should no longer be regarded as pathognomonic for HIV infection or systemic immunosuppression.

https://ift.tt/2LRH8Ed

Flavored tobacco to E-cigarette’s: How the tobacco industry sustains its product flow

Publication date: Available online 5 August 2018

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): A. Thirumal Raj, Shankargouda Patil, Archana A. Gupta, G. Suveetha

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Short Stay Thyroid Surgery: Can We Replicate the Same in Low Resource Setting?

Introduction. The concept of short stay thyroidectomy has been tested and in practice in the developed world; the same has not been replicated in countries with limited resources due to lack of organized healthcare system. So, in this study, we tried to analyze if short stay thyroid surgery can be performed in a cost-effective way in developing countries and also if the endocrine surgical trainee can deliver these services safely. Methods. The study was conducted prospectively from January 2013 to July 2014, at Department of Endocrine Surgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India. Study group included patients undergoing short stay hemithyroidectomy whereas matched patients who qualified for inclusion criteria but did not undergo short stay surgery due to various reasons constituted control group. Outcome in both the groups was compared in terms of complication rates, cost benefit, and patient satisfaction. Subgroup analysis was also done for trainee versus consultant performed short stay thyroid surgery. Results. A total of 439 patients with surgical thyroid disorders were evaluated at our institute during the study period and out of these 110 patients (58 cases and 52 controls) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Younger patients with low socioeconomic status who were paying out of pocket were found to be more inclined to short stay thyroid surgery. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of postanesthetic discharge score (PADS), complication rates, and patients satisfaction; however there was significant reduction (p

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