Head and Neck Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 10/09/18

Τρίτη 9 Οκτωβρίου 2018

Full face ingenol mebutate for actinic keratosis: patient perspective

International Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

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Phase I/II clinical trial of a Wilms’ tumor 1-targeted dendritic cell vaccination-based immunotherapy in patients with advanced cancer

Abstract

Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapies have been created for a broad expanse of cancers, and DC vaccines prepared with Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1) peptides have shown great therapeutic efficacy in these diseases. In this paper, we report the results of a phase I/II study of a DC-based vaccination for advanced breast, ovarian, and gastric cancers, and we offer evidence that patients can be effectively vaccinated with autologous DCs pulsed with WT1 peptide. There were ten patients who took part in this clinical study; they were treated biweekly with a WT1 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination, with toxicity and clinical and immunological responses as the principal endpoints. All of the adverse events to DC vaccinations were tolerable under an adjuvant setting. The clinical response was stable disease in seven patients. Karnofsky Performance Scale scores were enhanced, and computed tomography scans revealed tumor shrinkage in three of seven patients. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)/WT1-tetramer and cytoplasmic IFN-γ assays were used to examine the induction of a WT-1-specific immune response. The immunological responses to DC vaccination were significantly correlated with fewer myeloid-derived suppressor cells (P = 0.045) in the pretreated peripheral blood. These outcomes offered initial clinical evidence that the WT1 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination is a potential treatment for advanced cancer.

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Intralesional pentoxifylline injection in localized alopecia areata

Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, EarlyView.

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Editorial Board w/barcode

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Hypertensive Waist and Lipid Accumulation Product as Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.

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Relationship Between Obesity and Lumbar Spine Degeneration: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010–2012

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.

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Contribution of Vaccination to the Reduction of Infectious Mortality in Ukraine in the Second Half of the 20th and Early 21st Century: A Comparative Population Based Study of the Dynamics and Structure of Infectious Mortality and Incidence

Viral Immunology, Ahead of Print.

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The steadily growing problem of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma in Australia: Population‐based data on diagnosis and management

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.

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Anaesthesia care team improves outcomes in surgical patients compared with solo anaesthesiologist: An observational study

BACKGROUND In anaesthesiology, little attention has been drawn to the role of anaesthesia nurses as support personnel on quality of care. OBJECTIVES To compare the impact of anaesthesia by an anaesthesiologist alone (solo anaesthesiologist) or in combination with an anaesthesia nurse (anaesthesia care team) on 30-day postoperative mortality and hospital length of stay. RESULTS Anaesthesia was performed by solo anaesthesiologists in 2832 patients and by an anaesthesia care team in 2842 patients. The two groups were comparable in respect of sex and duration of anaesthesia but differed notably for age, American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status score and type of surgery. Propensity score matching was performed by logistic regression to adjust for baseline differences between the two groups and 2095 pairs of perfectly matched patients were formed. The latter evidenced a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate for the anaesthesia care team compared with solo anaesthesiologists (0.76 vs. 1.56%, P = 0.0014). Length of hospital stay was also significantly reduced when an anaesthesia nurse was present (4.9 ± 10.1 vs. 5.6 ± 11.5 days, P = 0.0011). CONCLUSION Anaesthesia given by the combination of an anaesthesiologist and an anaesthesia nurse is associated with decreased 30-day postoperative mortality and shorter length of stay when compared with a solo anaesthesiologist. Even if without any demonstration of causality, this emphasises the benefits of the anaesthesia care team model. TRIAL REGISTRATION CCB 325201730849. Correspondence to Patrice Forget, Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 24773058; e-mail: forgetpatrice@yahoo.fr Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website (https://ift.tt/2ylyqmW). © 2018 European Society of Anaesthesiology

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Bone repair in craniofacial defects treated with different doses of alendronate: a histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical study

Abstract

Objective

The objective of the study is to evaluate bone repair in rats treated with different alendronate doses.

Matherials and methods

Sixty female rats ovariectomized were randomly divided in three groups: group C (control group), group A1 (ALN/1 mg/kg), and A2 (ALN/ 3 mg/kg). Each animal received subcutaneous applications of sodium alendronate at a dose correspondent to group A1 or A2 three times a week, while the control group received 0.9% saline solution. After 4 weeks of application, a critical defect was created in the calvaria of animals of all groups. The defect was filled by particulate autogenous bone. The applications were maintained until euthanasia, which occurred 15 and 60 days after the surgical procedure. The pieces were sent for histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of 0.05.

Results

The descriptive histological analysis demonstrated an increase in bone neoformation in both groups treated with alendronate when compared to the control group. The histomorphometric analysis showed an increase in the amount of neoformed bone in A1 and A2 groups when compared to group C, both at 15 days (p = 0.0002) and at 60 days (p = 0.001). In the immunohistochemical analysis, it was possible to observe a difference in immunolabeling just for Mmp2 at the time of 60 days in A1 (p = 0.001) and A2 (p = 0.023) when compared to the control group.

Conclusion

Systemic delivery of alendronate, regardless of the dose, increased the amount of bone neoformation.

Clinical relevance

Prescription of sodium alendronate at 1 mg/kg for improvement of bone neoformation in bone graft procedures.

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Effect of sucralfate against hydrochloric acid-induced dental erosion

Abstract

Objective

Devising effective measures for the prevention of hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced erosion is of great significance. This is even more important in dentine, in which products have limited diffusion. Therefore, agents that can bind to proteins forming an acid-resistant gel-like coat, such as sucralfate, may stand out as a promising alternative. This study investigated the protective effect of sucralfate suspensions against HCl-induced dental erosion.

Materials and methods

In the first experiment, hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals were pre-treated with a commercial sucralfate suspension (CoSS, pH 5.9), a stannous-containing sodium fluoride solution (NaF/SnCl₂ pH 4.5), two prepared sucralfate suspensions (PrSS, pH 5.9 and 4.5), or deionized water (DI, control). HAp dissolution was measured using a pH-stat system. In a subsequent experiment, embedded/polished enamel and root dentine slabs were allocated into five groups to be treated with one of the tested substances prior to and during erosion-remineralization cycles (HCl-2 min + artificial saliva 60 min, two times per day, 5 days). Surface loss was assessed profilometrically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests.

Results

HAp dissolution was as follows: NaF/SnCl₂ < CoSS < PrSS/pH 4.5, while PrSS/pH 5.9 = DI and both did not differ from CoSS and PrSS/pH 4.5. In enamel, surface loss did not differ between CoSS and PrSS/pH 4.5, with both having lower surface loss than PrSS/pH 5.9 and DI and NaF/SnCl₂ differing only from DI. In root dentine, surface loss was as follows: CoSS < PrSS/pH 5.9 < (NaF/SnCl₂ = DI), while PrSS/pH 4.5 = CoSS = PrSS/pH 5.9.

Conclusion

Sucralfate suspension provided anti-erosive protection to HCl-induced erosion.

Clinical relevance

Sucralfate may protect teeth against erosion caused by gastric acid.

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Androgens in Women: Hormone modulating therapies for skin disease (Part II)

Androgen-mediated cutaneous disorders (AMCDs) in women including acne, hirsutism, and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) can be treated with hormone-modulating therapies. In the second part of this Continuing Medical Education series, we discuss the hormone-modulating therapies available to dermatologists for the treatment of AMCDs including combined oral contraceptives, spironolactone, finasteride, dutasteride, and flutamide. Available hormone-modulating treatments utilized for each AMCDs are reviewed, along with mechanisms of androgen modulation, safety profile, contraindications, monitoring parameters, and evidence of efficacy.

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Androgens in Women: Androgen mediated skin disease and patient evaluation (Part I)

Androgens are produced throughout the body in steroid-producing organs, such as the adrenal glands and ovaries, as well as in other tissues, like the skin. Several androgens are found normally in women, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and androstenedione. These androgens are essential in the development of several common cutaneous conditions in women, including acne, hirsutism, and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) – androgen mediated cutaneous disorders (AMCDs).

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Flow mediated vasodilation assay indicates no endothelial dysfunction in hereditary angioedema patients with C1-inhibitor deficiency

Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-HAE) is a rare, potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by recurrent edematous attacks. The edema formation is the consequence of interaction of bradykinin and various vasoactive peptides with endothelium. Besides these agents, danazol, a modified testosterone derivative used in these patients to prevent edematous attacks, can also affect the function of the endothelium, since it shifts the blood lipid profile to a pro-atherogenic phenotype.

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From the Pages of AllergyWatch

John J. Oppenheimer, MD, Assistant Editor

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Impact of bisphosphonate therapy on dental implant outcomes: An overview of systematic review evidence

The purpose of this overview was to assess the methods, quality, and outcomes of systematic reviews conducted to evaluate the impact of bisphosphonates on dental implants and the risk of developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw after dental implant surgery. An electronic search without date or language restriction was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and LILACS databases (to January 2018). Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews that evaluated the impact of bisphosphonates on implant outcomes.

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Does methylprednisolone improve postoperative outcomes after mandibular third molar surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether methylprednisolone (MP) administered via any route improves postoperative outcomes (pain, trismus, and oedema) following mandibular third molar surgery. An electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar databases was performed to identify studies published in English up until January 2018. A total of 28 studies were included in the review: 25 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and three controlled clinical trials.

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Three-dimensional longitudinal evaluation of facial mimicry in orthognathic class III surgery

The effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on facial mimicry was assessed longitudinally in 15 patients with dentoskeletal class III facial dysmorphism (seven men, eight women, mean age 28 years). The patients were analysed pre-surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-surgery while performing verbal (five vowels) and non-verbal (open and closed mouth smile, lip purse) soft tissue facial movements. The three-dimensional motions of right and left nasogenian, crista philtri, cheilion, and lower lip landmarks were detected by an optoelectronic instrument, and a total mobility index was obtained.

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Cutting Edge: Intracellular IFN-{beta} and Distinct Type I IFN Expression Patterns in Circulating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus B Cells [CUTTING EDGE]

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), type I IFNs promote induction of type I IFN–stimulated genes (ISG) and can drive B cells to produce autoantibodies. Little is known about the expression of distinct type I IFNs in lupus, particularly high-affinity IFN-β. Single-cell analyses of transitional B cells isolated from SLE patients revealed distinct B cell subpopulations, including type I IFN producers, IFN responders, and mixed IFN producer/responder clusters. Anti-Ig plus TLR3 stimulation of SLE B cells induced release of bioactive type I IFNs that could stimulate HEK-Blue cells. Increased levels of IFN-β were detected in circulating B cells from SLE patients compared with controls and were significantly higher in African American patients with renal disease and in patients with autoantibodies. Together, the results identify type I IFN–producing and –responding subpopulations within the SLE B cell compartment and suggest that some patients may benefit from specific targeting of IFN-β.

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Observed Antibody Space: A Resource for Data Mining Next-Generation Sequencing of Antibody Repertoires [SYSTEMS IMMUNOLOGY]

Abs are immune system proteins that recognize noxious molecules for elimination. Their sequence diversity and binding versatility have made Abs the primary class of biopharmaceuticals. Recently, it has become possible to query their immense natural diversity using next-generation sequencing of Ig gene repertoires (Ig-seq). However, Ig-seq outputs are currently fragmented across repositories and tend to be presented as raw nucleotide reads, which means nontrivial effort is required to reuse the data for analysis. To address this issue, we have collected Ig-seq outputs from 55 studies, covering more than half a billion Ab sequences across diverse immune states, organisms (primarily human and mouse), and individuals. We have sorted, cleaned, annotated, translated, and numbered these sequences and make the data available via our Observed Antibody Space (OAS) resource at http://antibodymap.org. The data within OAS will be regularly updated with newly released Ig-seq datasets. We believe OAS will facilitate data mining of immune repertoires for improved understanding of the immune system and development of better biotherapeutics.

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Oxidant Signaling Mediated by Nox2 in Neutrophils Promotes Regenerative Myelopoiesis and Tissue Recovery following Ischemic Damage [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

Ischemic tissue damage activates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow (BM)-generating myeloid cells, and persistent HSPC activity may drive chronic inflammation and impair tissue recovery. Although increased reactive oxygen species in the BM regulate HSPC functions, their roles in myelopoiesis of activated HSPCs and subsequent tissue recovery during ischemic damage are not well understood. In this paper, we report that deletion of Nox2 NADPH oxidase in mice results in persistent elevations in BM HSPC activity and levels of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in BM and ischemic tissue in a model of hindlimb ischemia. Ischemic tissue damage induces oxidants in BM such as elevations of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized phospholipids, which activate redox-sensitive Lyn kinase in a Nox2-dependent manner. Moreover, during tissue recovery after ischemic injury, this Nox2-ROS–Lyn kinase axis is induced by Nox2 in neutrophils that home to the BM, which inhibits HSPC activity and inflammatory monocyte generation and promotes tissue regeneration after ischemic damage. Thus, oxidant signaling in the BM mediated by Nox2 in neutrophils regulates myelopoiesis of HSPCs to promote regeneration of damaged tissue.

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The Role of WNT Signaling in Mature T Cells: T Cell Factor Is Coming Home [BRIEF REVIEWS]

T cell factor, the effector transcription factor of the WNT signaling pathway, was so named because of the primary observation that it is indispensable for T cell development in the thymus. Since this discovery, the role of this signaling pathway has been extensively studied in T cell development, hematopoiesis, and stem cells; however, its functional role in mature T cells has remained relatively underinvestigated. Over the last few years, various studies have demonstrated that T cell factor can directly influence T cell function and the differentiation of Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory T cell, follicular helper CD4⁺ T cell subsets, and CD8⁺ memory T cells. In this paper, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these observations and place them in the general context of immune responses. Furthermore, we explore the implications and limitations of these findings for WNT manipulation as a therapeutic approach for treating immune-related diseases.

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Bacterial Lipoproteins Constitute the TLR2-Stimulating Activity of Serum Amyloid A [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

Studies comparing endogenous and recombinant serum amyloid A (SAA) have generated conflicting data on the proinflammatory function of these proteins. In exploring this discrepancy, we found that in contrast to commercially sourced recombinant human SAA1 (hSAA1) proteins produced in Escherichia coli, hSAA1 produced from eukaryotic cells did not promote proinflammatory cytokine production from human or mouse cells, induce Th17 differentiation, or stimulate TLR2. Proteomic analysis of E. coli–derived hSAA1 revealed the presence of numerous bacterial proteins, with several being reported or probable lipoproteins. Treatment of hSAA1 with lipoprotein lipase or addition of a lipopeptide to eukaryotic cell–derived hSAA1 inhibited or induced the production of TNF-α from macrophages, respectively. Our results suggest that a function of SAA is in the binding of TLR2-stimulating bacterial proteins, including lipoproteins, and demand that future studies of SAA employ a recombinant protein derived from eukaryotic cells.

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Cardiotrophin-like Cytokine Increases Macrophage-Foam Cell Transition [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

CLCF1 is a neurotrophic and B cell–stimulating factor belonging to the IL-6 family. Mutations in the gene coding for CLCF1 or its secretion partner CRLF1 lead to the development of severe phenotypes, suggesting important nonredundant roles in development, metabolism, and immunity. Although CLCF1 was shown to promote the proliferation of the myeloid cell line M1, its roles on myeloid activation remain underinvestigated. We characterized the effects of CLCF1 on myeloid cells with a focus on monocyte–macrophage and macrophage–foam cell differentiations. CLCF1 injections in mice resulted in a significant increase in CD11b⁺ circulating cells, including proinflammatory monocytes. Furthermore, CLCF1 activated STAT3 phosphorylation in bone marrow CD11b⁺ cells and in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDM). BMDM stimulated with CLCF1 produced a large array of proinflammatory factors comprising IL-6, IL-9, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-12, CCL5, and CX3CL1. The pattern of cytokines and chemokines released by CLCF1-treated BMDM led us to investigate the role of CLCF1 in foam cell formation. When pretreated with CLCF1, BMDM presented a marked SR-A1 upregulation, an increase in acetylated–low-density lipoprotein uptake, and an elevated triglyceride accumulation. CLCF1-induced SR-A1 upregulation, triglyceride accumulation, and acetylated–low-density lipoprotein uptake could be prevented using ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, indicating that the effects of the cytokine on myeloid cells result from activation of the canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Our data reveal novel biological roles for CLCF1 in the control of myeloid function and identify this cytokine as a strong inducer of macrophage–foam cell transition, thus bringing forward a new potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.

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Cutting Edge: The Heat Shock Protein gp96 Activates Inflammasome-Signaling Platforms in APCs [CUTTING EDGE]

Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) prime immune responses, which are, in part, a result of activation of APCs. APCs respond to these immunogenic HSPs by upregulating costimulatory molecules and secreting cytokines, including IL-1β. These HSP-mediated responses are central mediators in pathological conditions ranging from cancer, sterile inflammation associated with trauma, and rheumatoid arthritis. We tested in this study the requirement of inflammasomes in the release of IL-1β by one immunogenic HSP, gp96. Our results show that murine APCs activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in response to gp96 by K⁺ efflux. This is shown to initiate inflammatory conditions in vivo in the absence of additional known inflammasome activators or infection. These results document a novel mechanism by which proteins of endogenous origin, the HSPs, can modulate an inflammatory response following their release from aberrant cells.

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In This Issue [IN THIS ISSUE]

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Cutting Edge: TGF-{beta} and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signals Modulate Distinct Metabolism of Regulatory T Cell Subsets [CUTTING EDGE]

Murine Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiated in vitro (induced Tregs [iTregs]) in the presence of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β rely predominantly upon lipid oxidation to fuel mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Foxp3 expression underlies this metabolic preference, as it suppresses glycolysis and drives oxidative phosphorylation. In this study, we show that in contrast to iTregs, thymic-derived Tregs (tTregs), engage in glycolysis and glutaminolysis at levels comparable to effector T cells despite maintained Foxp3 expression. Interestingly, exposure of tTregs to the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β represses PI3K-mediated mTOR signaling, inhibits glucose transporter and Hk2 expression, and reprograms their metabolism to favor oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, replicating the effects of inflammation via elevation of PI3K signaling has minimal effects on tTregs but dramatically enhances the glycolysis of normally oxidative iTregs, resulting in reduction of Foxp3 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest both extrinsic and intrinsic factors govern the unique metabolic signature of Treg subsets.

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IL-17A Attenuates IFN-{lambda} Expression by Inducing Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Expression in Airway Epithelium [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

IFN- is a cytokine expressed in epithelial tissues and plays a central role in antiviral mucosal immune response. The expression of IFN- in the airway is impaired in chronic airway diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), which renders patients susceptible to viral infection. IL-17A is associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis; however, IL-17A regulation of IFN- expression remains unclear. The aim of the current study is to clarify IL-17A–mediated regulatory mechanisms of IFN- expression in human airway epithelial cells. In this study, we have shown that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and influenza A virus (IAV) infection increased IFN- expression at mRNA and protein levels in primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A attenuated polyI:C- or IAV-induced IFN- expression. IFN- receptor 1 knockdown and a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, attenuated polyI:C-induced IFN- expression, confirming that a positive autocrine feedback loop, the IFN- receptor–JAK–STAT pathway, was involved in IFN- expression. In Western blotting analysis, we demonstrated that polyI:C and IAV infection induced STAT1 phosphorylation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells, whereas IL-17A suppressed polyI:C- or IAV-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we found that cotreatment with IL-17A and polyI:C or IAV infection synergistically increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 expression. SOCS1 small interfering RNA and SOCS3 small interfering RNA negated the inhibitory effect of IL-17A in polyI:C-induced IFN- expression by restoring attenuated STAT1 phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that IL-17A attenuates virus-induced IFN- expression by enhancing SOCS1 and SOCS3 expression to inhibit autocrine signaling loops in human airway epithelial cells.

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Bronchial Allergen Challenge of Patients with Atopic Asthma Triggers an Alarmin (IL-33, TSLP, and IL-25) Response in the Airways Epithelium and Submucosa [ALLERGY AND OTHER HYPERSENSITIVITIES]

The alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) play a critical role in asthma pathogenesis by inducing mucosal Th2-type cytokine production. Although environmental exposure to aeroallergens has been proposed as an alarmin trigger in asthma, there has been no systematic parallel study of the effects of allergen exposure on the expression of these cytokines in the airways of human asthmatics. Using single and sequential double immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the numbers and phenotypes of IL-25–, IL-33–, and TSLP-immunoreactive cells in sections of bronchial biopsies from mild atopic asthmatics (n = 16) before and 24 h after allergen inhalational challenge. Allergen challenge highly increased expression of baseline immunoreactivity for IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, both in the bronchial epithelium and submucosa (p < 0.001), to a degree that correlated with the extent of the late phase of airway obstruction. Aside from epithelial cells, the principal source of immunoreactivity for all three alarmins, TSLP, and IL-33 immunoreactivity colocalized principally with endothelial cells and mast cells, neutrophils, and fibroblasts, whereas IL-25 immunoreactivity colocalized principally with eosinophils as well as endothelial cells, mast cells, and fibroblasts. The data implicate that allergen challenge directly increases airway alarmin expression in atopic asthmatics to a degree correlating with increase late-phase airway obstruction, affirming these molecules as potential molecular targets for the inhibition of allergen-induced airway inflammation and obstruction.

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Baculovirus-Induced Fast-Acting Innate Immunity Kills Liver-Stage Plasmodium [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

Baculovirus (BV), an enveloped insect virus with a circular dsDNA genome, possesses unique characteristics that induce strong innate immune responses in mammalian cells. In this study, we show that BV administration in BALB/c mice not only provides complete protection against a subsequent Plasmodium berghei sporozoite infection for up to 7 d after the injection but also eliminates existing liver-stage parasites completely. The elimination of sporozoites by BV was superior to that by primaquine, and this effect occurred in a TLR9-independent manner. At 6 h after BV administration, IFN-α and IFN- were robustly produced in the serum, and RNA transcripts of IFN-stimulated genes were markedly upregulated in the liver compared with control mice. The in vivo passive transfer of serum after BV administration effectively eliminated liver-stage parasites, and IFN-α neutralization abolished this effect, indicating that the BV liver-stage parasite-killing mechanism is downstream of the type I IFN signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence that BV-induced, fast-acting innate immunity completely kills liver-stage parasites and, thus, may lead to new malaria drug and vaccine strategies.

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TLR9 and IL-1R1 Promote Mobilization of Pulmonary Dendritic Cells during Beryllium Sensitization [ALLERGY AND OTHER HYPERSENSITIVITIES]

Metal-induced hypersensitivity is driven by dendritic cells (DCs) that migrate from the site of exposure to the lymph nodes, upregulate costimulatory molecules, and initiate metal-specific CD4⁺ T cell responses. Chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a life-threatening metal-induced hypersensitivity, is driven by beryllium-specific CD4⁺ Th1 cells that expand in the lung-draining lymph nodes (LDLNs) after beryllium exposure (sensitization phase) and are recruited back to the lung, where they orchestrate granulomatous lung disease (elicitation phase). To understand more about how beryllium exposures impact DC function during sensitization, we examined the early events in the lung and LDLNs after pulmonary exposure to different physiochemical forms of beryllium. Exposure to soluble or crystalline forms of beryllium induced alveolar macrophage death/release of IL-1α and DNA, enhanced migration of CD80^hi DCs to the LDLNs, and sensitized HLA-DP2 transgenic mice after single low-dose exposures, whereas exposures to insoluble particulate forms beryllium did not. IL-1α and DNA released by alveolar macrophages upregulated CD80 on immature BMDC via IL-1R1 and TLR9, respectively. Intrapulmonary exposure of mice to IL-1R and TLR9 agonists without beryllium was sufficient to drive accumulation of CD80^hi DCs in the LDLNs, whereas blocking both pathways prevented accumulation of CD80^hi DCs in the LDLNs of beryllium-exposed mice. Thus, in contrast to particulate forms of beryllium, which are poor sensitizers, soluble or crystalline forms of beryllium promote death of alveolar macrophages and their release of IL-1α and DNA, which act as damage-associated molecular pattern molecules to enhance DC function during beryllium sensitization.

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Haptoglobin Is a Divergent MASP Family Member That Neofunctionalized To Recycle Hemoglobin via CD163 in Mammals [MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY]

In mammals, haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase plasma protein that binds with high affinity to hemoglobin (Hb) released by intravascular hemolysis. The resultant Hp–Hb complexes are bound and cleared by the scavenger receptor CD163, limiting Hb-induced oxidative damage. In this study, we show that Hp is a divergent member of the complement-initiating MASP family of proteins, which emerged in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates. We demonstrate that Hp has been independently lost from multiple vertebrate lineages, that characterized Hb-interacting residues of mammals are poorly conserved in nonmammalian species maintaining Hp, and that the extended loop 3 region of Hp, which mediates CD163 binding, is present only in mammals. We show that the Hb-binding ability of cartilaginous fish (nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum; small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula; and thornback ray, Raja clavata) and teleost fish (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) Hp is species specific, and where binding does occur it is likely mediated through a different structural mechanism to mammalian Hp. The continued, high-level expression of Hp in cartilaginous fishes in which Hb binding is not evident signals that Hp has (an)other, yet unstudied, role(s) in these species. Previous work indicates that mammalian Hp also has secondary, immunomodulatory functions that are independent of Hb binding; our work suggests these may be remnants of evolutionary more ancient functions, retained after Hb removal became the primary role of Hp in mammals.

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Remarkably Robust Antiviral Immune Response despite Combined Deficiency in Caspase-8 and RIPK3 [IMMUNE REGULATION]

Caspase-8 (Casp8)–mediated signaling triggers extrinsic apoptosis while suppressing receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3–dependent necroptosis. Although Casp8 is dispensable for the development of innate and adaptive immune compartments in mice, the importance of this proapoptotic protease in the orchestration of immune response to pathogens remains to be fully explored. In this study, Casp8^–/–Ripk3^–/– C57BL/6 mice show robust innate and adaptive immune responses to the natural mouse pathogen, murine CMV. When young, these mice lack lpr-like lymphoid hyperplasia and accumulation of either B220⁺CD3⁺ or B220^–CD3⁺CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells with increased numbers of immature myeloid cells that are evident in older mice. Dendritic cell activation and cytokine production drive both NK and T cell responses to control viral infection in these mice, suggesting that Casp8 is dispensable to the generation of antiviral host defense. Curiously, NK and T cell expansion is amplified, with greater numbers observed by 7 d postinfection compared with either Casp8^+/–Ripk3^–/– or wild type (Casp8^+/+Ripk3^+/+) littermate controls. Casp8 and RIPK3 are natural targets of virus-encoded cell death suppressors that prevent infected cell apoptosis and necroptosis, respectively. It is clear from the current studies that the initiation of innate immunity and the execution of cytotoxic lymphocyte functions are all preserved despite the absence of Casp8 in responding cells. Thus, Casp8 and RIPK3 signaling is completely dispensable to the generation of immunity against this natural herpesvirus infection, although the pathways driven by these initiators serve as a crucial first line for host defense within virus-infected cells.

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Correction: IL-4 Regulates Bim Expression and Promotes B Cell Maturation in Synergy with BAFF Conferring Resistance to Cell Death at Negative Selection Checkpoints [CORRECTIONS]

https://ift.tt/2OhOG4g

Presenilin 1 Regulates NF-{kappa}B Activation via Association with Breakpoint Cluster Region and Casein Kinase II [IMMUNE REGULATION]

We recently reported that NF-B–mediated inflammation caused by breakpoint cluster region (BCR) is dependent on the α subunit of casein kinase II (CK2α) complex. In the current study, we demonstrate that presenilin 1 (Psen1), which is a catalytic component of the -secretase complex and the mutations of which are known to cause familial Alzheimer disease, acts as a scaffold of the BCR–CK2α–p65 complex to induce NF-B activation. Indeed, Psen1 deficiency in mouse endothelial cells showed a significant reduction of NF-B p65 recruitment to target gene promoters. Conversely, Psen1 overexpression enhanced reporter activation under NF-B responsive elements and IL-6 promoter. Furthermore, the transcription of NF-B target genes was not inhibited by a -secretase inhibitor, suggesting that Psen1 regulates NF-B activation in a manner independent of -secretase activity. Mechanistically, Psen1 associated with the BCR–CK2α complex, which is required for phosphorylation of p65 at serine 529. Consistently, TNF-α–induced phosphorylation of p65 at serine 529 was significantly decreased in Psen1-deficient cells. The association of the BCR–CK2α–p65 complex was perturbed in the absence of Psen1. These results suggest that Psen1 functions as a scaffold of the BCR–CK2α–p65 complex and that this signaling cascade could be a novel therapeutic target for various chronic inflammation conditions, including those in Alzheimer disease.

https://ift.tt/2Oi0oMo

{beta}1 Integrins Are Required To Mediate NK Cell Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans [INFECTIOUS DISEASE AND HOST RESPONSE]

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes fatal meningitis and pneumonia. During host defense to Cryptococcus, NK cells directly recognize and kill C. neoformans using cytolytic degranulation analogous to killing of tumor cells. This fungal killing requires independent activation of Src family kinase (SFK) and Rac1-mediated pathways. Recognition of C. neoformans requires the natural cytotoxicity receptor, NKp30; however, it is not known whether NKp30 activates both signal transduction pathways or whether a second receptor is involved in activation of one of the pathways. We used primary human NK cells and a human NK cell line and found that NKp30 activates SFK -> PI3K but not Rac1 cytotoxic signaling, which led to a search for the receptor leading to Rac1 activation. We found that NK cells require integrin-linked kinase (ILK) to activate Rac1 for effective fungal killing. This observation led to our identification of β1 integrin as an essential anticryptococcal receptor. These findings demonstrate that multiple receptors, including β1 integrins and NKp30 and their proximal signaling pathways, are required for recognition of Cryptococcus, which activates a central cytolytic antimicrobial pathway leading to fungal killing.

https://ift.tt/2yrDsiR

Bmi1 Regulates I{kappa}B{alpha} Degradation via Association with the SCF Complex [IMMUNE REGULATION]

Bmi1 is a polycomb group protein and regulator that stabilizes the ubiquitination complex PRC1 in the nucleus with no evidently direct link to the NF-B pathway. In this study, we report a novel function of Bmi1: its regulation of IBα ubiquitination in the cytoplasm. A deficiency of Bmi1 inhibited NF-B–mediated gene expression in vitro and a NF-B–mediated mouse model of arthritis in vivo. Mechanistic analysis showed that Bmi1 associated with the SCF ubiquitination complex via its N terminus and with phosphorylation by an IKKα/β-dependent pathway, leading to the ubiquitination of IBα. These effects on NF-B–related inflammation suggest Bmi1 in the SCF complex is a potential therapeutic target for various diseases and disorders, including autoimmune diseases.

https://ift.tt/2yoRj9L

D-Glycero-{beta}-D-Manno-Heptose 1-Phosphate and D-Glycero-{beta}-D-Manno-Heptose 1,7-Biphosphate Are Both Innate Immune Agonists [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

d-Glycero-β-d-manno-heptose 1,7-biphosphate (β-HBP) is a novel microbial-associated molecular pattern that triggers inflammation and thus has the potential to act as an immune modulator in many therapeutic contexts. To better understand the structure–activity relationship of this molecule, we chemically synthesized analogs of β-HBP and tested their ability to induce canonical TIFA-dependent inflammation in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) and colonic epithelial cells (HCT 116). Of the analogs tested, only d-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose 1-phosphate (β-HMP) induced TIFA-dependent NF-B activation and cytokine production in a manner similar to β-HBP. This finding expands the spectrum of metabolites from the Gram-negative ADP–heptose biosynthesis pathway that can function as innate immune agonists and provides a more readily available agonist of the TIFA-dependent inflammatory pathway that can be easily produced by synthetic methods.

https://ift.tt/2yrI0G3

Comparison of Erich arch bar versus embrasure wires for intraoperative intermaxillary fixation in mandibular fractures

Abstract

Purpose

Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a fundamental principle in the management of mandibular fractures but with recent advent of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), use of IMF is almost limited intraoperatively. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of Erich arch bar versus embrasure wires for intraoperative IMF in mandibular fractures.

Method

This prospective study was comprised of 50 patients with mandibular fractures who required ORIF with intraoperative IMF. Patients were categorized into two groups of 25 patients each: Erich arch bar technique was used for group A and embrasure wire technique for group B. Parameters were time taken for IMF, needle stick injury, occlusal stability, iatrogenic complications, and periodontal status of patients.

Statistical analysis

Chi-squared test and unpaired t test analyses was run on IBM SPSS 21.0 version (2015) software.

Result

Mean time for placing embrasure wire (3.48 min) was significantly less than that for Erich arch bar (48.08 min). Needle stick injury rates to the operator as well as the assistants were significantly less when using the embrasure wire than the Erich arch bar. The Erich arch bar had significantly superior postoperative occlusion stability. Iatrogenic injury was more common when placing the Erich arch bar than the embrasure wire. Postoperative oral hygiene status was good in patients that received the embrasure wire.

Conclusion

Embrasure wire technique is a quick, easy, and reliable technique for minimally or moderately displaced fractured mandible and had better clinical outcomes than did patients that underwent the Erich arch bar technique.

https://ift.tt/2C3Bclg

Melanocyte activation and skin barrier disruption induced in melasma patients after 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment

Abstract

Melasma is a frequently acquired hyperpigmentary skin disorder, for which several therapies are available. Among them, 1064 nm QS Nd:YAG laser therapy is an effective method, but the recurrence rate of laser treatment is still high. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of the high relapse rate of melasma after 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment. Twenty-five female melasma patients were treated with 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for 10 times. The lesional skin and non-lesional skin were evaluated by means of a reflectance confocal laser scanning microscope before and after laser treatment. Melanin content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured by an MPA9 skin multifunction tester accordingly. The melanin index value was significantly decreased in the lesional skin after laser treatment, while the non-lesional skin had no difference. The dendritic cells were observed at the level of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) in the lesions of 8 patients before laser treatment, while after laser treatment, the dendritic cells were observed in all 25 subjects. Moreover, there was significant difference between the TEWL value of the lesions before and after laser treatment. Furthermore, the TEWL value was higher in lesions of the 8 subjects which had dendritic cells compared with other 17 subjects which had no dendritic cells, no matter before or after laser treatment. The relapse patients of melasma had higher TEWL value compared with the non-relapse patients. Melanocyte activation and skin barrier disruption may be related to the high relapse rate of melasma after laser treatment.

https://ift.tt/2ytOSTe

The photographic method could offer a potential cost-saving and user-friendly screening.

https://ift.tt/2RFrESO

Comparison of Erich arch bar versus embrasure wires for intraoperative intermaxillary fixation in mandibular fractures

Abstract

Purpose

Method

Statistical analysis

Chi-squared test and unpaired t test analyses was run on IBM SPSS 21.0 version (2015) software.

Result

Conclusion

https://ift.tt/2C3Bclg

Efficacy of an Intervention for the Children With Severe Speech Sounds Disorders

Conditions: Speech Sound Disorder; Apraxia of Speech; Developmental Verbal Dyspraxia
Intervention: Behavioral: Treatment for Children with Severe Speech Sound Disorders
Sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2OiFYmB

Application of Ultrasonic Gray-scale Ratio in Differentiating Benign From Malignant Thyroid Nodules.

Condition: Thyroid Nodule
Intervention: Diagnostic Test: ultrasound gray-scale ratio
Sponsor: First People's Hospital of Hangzhou
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2yr1zy9

Study of Nivolumab Alone or in Combination With Ipilimumab as Immunotherapy vs Standard Follow-up in Surgical Resectable HNSCC After Adjuvant Therapy

Condition: Head and Neck Cancer
Interventions: Procedure: Surgical resection of primary tumor; Radiation: Adjuvant radio(-chemo)therapy; Drug: Neoadjuvant Nivolumab; Drug: Adjuvant Nivolumab; Drug: Adjuvant Nivolumab and Ipilimumab
Sponsors: Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf; University Hospital, Essen; Westpfalz-Clinical Center GmbH; Charite University, Berlin, Germany
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2OcPfwi

Neoadjuvant and Concurrent PD-1 Blockade Combined With Definitive Chemoradiation in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Interventions: Drug: Sintilimab; Drug: Gemcitabine; Drug: Cisplatin; Radiation: intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Sponsors: Sun Yat-sen University; Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd.
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2ytZ9PA

Early Detection of Head and Neck Superficial Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients With Esophagus Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Condition: Optical Enhancement Endoscopy
Interventions: Device: first OE; Device: first WLI
Sponsor: Shandong University
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2Og8KEf

Horse Riding and the Shape of the Acetabulum: Insights from the Bioarchaeological Analysis of Early Hungarian Mounted Archers (10th Century)

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2A0qn28

Beyond white‐tailed deer hunting in Aguazuque: Archaeofaunal data from an Archaic site at Sabana de Bogotá‐Colombia

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2QAMVfh

Strontium and nitrogen isotopic evidence of food import to Tell Ashara – Terqa, a Bronze Age city on the Euphrates, Syria

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2A00dwf

HUMAN BIOGEOGRAPHY AND FAUNAL EXPLOITATION IN DIAMANTE RIVER BASIN, CENTRAL WESTERN ARGENTINA

International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2QCbeJH

Therapie des kutanen malignen Melanoms im Kopf-Hals-Bereich

Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Jahren hat es erhebliche Entwicklungen in der Behandlung des malignen Melanoms gegeben. Diese betreffen einerseits die durch Ergebnisse randomisierter Studien in ihrer Evidenz vergleichsweise gut abgesicherten Empfehlungen zur chirurgischen Resektion und zum Lymphknotenmanagement. Andererseits haben medikamentöse Neuentwicklungen wie die zielgerichteten Therapien zu umwälzenden Fortschritten in der Behandlung der metastasierten Stadien geführt. Die Kenntnis der Behandlungsalgorithmen und ihrer Aktualisierungen ist für den MKG-Chirurgen unabdingbar. Die S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik, Behandlung und Nachsorge des malignen Melanoms" wurde im Jahr 2013 veröffentlicht und inzwischen zweimal, 2016 und 2018 aktualisiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag informiert über diese Entwicklungen und deren aktuellen Stand und geht auf die für die Therapie des Melanoms im Kopf-Hals-Bereich relevanten Punkte ein.

https://ift.tt/2PlmNF6

Use of Noninvasive Ventilation with Volume-Assured Pressure Support to Avoid Tracheostomy in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder in children but can occasionally present with life-threatening hypoxemia. Obesity is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes of OSA treatment. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is indicated in children who are not candidates for or have an unsatisfactory response to adenotonsillectomy. Children acutely at risk for significant morbidity with other therapies are candidates for a tracheostomy. An eight-year-old patient with morbid obesity and severe OSA refractory to CPAP therapy was treated successfully with a novel noninvasive ventilation (NIV) mode with volume-assured pressure support (VAPS) and avoided tracheostomy.

https://ift.tt/2y621Ta

Update on sinus disease in children with cystic fibrosis: advances in treatment modalities, microbiology, and health-related quality-of-life instruments

Purpose of review There is a lack of consensus with regards to the diagnosis and treatment of sinus disease in children with cystic fibrosis. Here, we review literature from the past 18 months in order to highlight the way forward in this contentious field. Recent findings Most of the literature (from the past 18 months) on sinus disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis focused on treatment approaches, bacteriology and immunology, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments. Quality studies have demonstrated that functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is as safe in children with or without cystic fibrosis; that the microbiology of the paranasal sinus in children with cystic fibrosis is different than that of their lungs; and, that HRQOL instruments may prove useful in determining sinonasal disease severity in children with cystic fibrosis. Summary Medical and surgical approaches appear to be viable in the treatment of sinonasal disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis; the microbiology and immunology of pediatric cystic fibrosis is proving more complex and nuanced than initially believed; and, HRQOL instruments show promise in reconciling differences between observable and clinically relevant sinus disease in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. Correspondence to Frank W. Virgin, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2200 Children's Way, 7224 Doctors' Office Tower, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Tel: +1 615 936 8176; fax: +1 615 875 0101; e-mail: frank.w.virgin@vumc.org Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://ift.tt/2QGLlZt

Velopharyngeal incompetence: role in paediatric swallowing deficits

Purpose of review The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight the latest advances in diagnosis and management of velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) as it pertains to swallowing deficits in children. This is timely and relevant as otolaryngologists are often amongst the first to diagnose and treat VPI. Although nasal regurgitation of a bolus is frequently transient, persistent problems can be associated with other swallowing problems and other significant medical problems. Furthermore, velopharyngeal incompetence has implications for speech production. Recent findings Persistent VPI associated with a swallowing deficit can be an isolated anomaly with or without a cleft palate or submucous cleft palate. VPI may be secondary to a cranial neuropathy, esophageal abnormality or associated with another airway anomaly, any of which may further contribute to dysphagia. Findings of additional anomalies may be suggestive of a syndrome. Workup should explore these potential causes. When velopharyngeal incompetence is associated with dysphagia, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallow (FEES) and videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) can be helpful in diagnosis and management. The advantages and disadvantages of FEES and VFSS have been well delineated over the past few years. Similarly, nasopharyngoscopy and fluoroscopy are increasingly used in diagnosis and management of VPI that is associated with hypernasal resonance disorders. Summary Concurrent medical diagnoses or syndrome manifestations are often associated with or contribute significantly to the cause of dysphagia in children with VPI. As VPI can be a sign of brainstem vagal neuropathy, the clinician should investigate by imaging the CNS if other correlative symptoms of dysphagia and examination findings are present. Endoscopy is advocated for evaluation of vocal fold function. Fluoroscopy is best for further assessment of airway protection or safety of swallow. And, whenever indicated, additional workup is recommended to determine an underlying cause of the swallowing disorder. Correspondence to Laura H. Swibel Rosenthal, MD, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 25, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Tel: +1 312 227 6230; fax: +1 312 227 9414; e-mail: lrosenthal@luriechildrens.org Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://ift.tt/2A0qFWT

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: update 2018

Purpose of review Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common as well as the costliest benign airway neoplasm in the United States [Ivancic et al. (2018). Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 3:22; Derkay (1995). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 121:1386]. In addition, it is potentially deadly, with risk of airway obstruction as well as a 3–7% risk of malignant conversion [Schraff et al. (2004). Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130:1039]. This review highlights exciting advancements over the past 1–2 years in scientific understanding of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, natural history, prevention, and treatment of this difficult disease. Recent findings Recent studies have yielded the following findings: The primary quality of life reduction that patients perceive is voice-related; the membranous vocal folds are the most frequently involved anatomic subsite in adult-onset RRP; there may be a correlation between laryngopharyngeal reflux, herpes simplex virus type 2, and adult-onset RRP; there has been a decline in RRP incidence in Australia following the implementation of a national vaccination program; addition of educational audiovisual aids assists in vaccine acceptance rates; preventive vaccination can be used as treatment for pediatric as well as adult RRP patients with demonstrable effects on antibody titers and reoperation rates; calreticulin-linked DNA vaccines show promise in reducing the growth rate of human papilloma virus (HPV)11 E6/E7-expressing tumors in mice; injection of bevacizumab is associated with no adverse tissue affects; systemic bevacizumab is effective as a treatment for severe uncontrolled disease; pegylated interferon treatment is effective in select severe pediatric RRP disease; and finally, increased rates of programed death 1 T-lymphocyte infiltration and programed death-ligand 1 expression are seen on both papilloma and infiltrating immune cells. Summary RRP is declining in incidence but remains a challenging disease to treat with great costs to patients, families, and the healthcare system. As the disease continues to be better understood, new frontiers are opening in treatment, particularly for severe or poorly controlled disease. Until the disease can be eradicated, it remains a vital area of research to help prevent new cases and treat afflicted patients. Correspondence to Craig S. Derkay, MD, Professor and Vice-Chairman, Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery; Director, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Lane, 2nd Floor, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. Tel: +1 757 668 9853; fax: +1 757 668 9838; e-mail: craig.derkay@chkd.org Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://ift.tt/2QGLb4j

Vocal fold nodules in children

Purpose of review Vocal nodules are a common presentation in children, representing the most common cause of dysphonia. Recent findings Children with siblings, ADHD, and of male sex are most likely to be affected. Female children, however, tend to have more likely progression into adolescence. Quality-of-life indices can aid in screening for vocal nodules whereas stroboscopy, and possibly, ultrasound are required for definitive diagnosis. Summary Management has not significantly changed over time and should begin with conservative behavioral and environmental modifications along with voice therapy in those more severely impacted. Though immediate outcomes vary somewhat depending on management direction, the overall prognosis seems to be good even with lack of intervention. It is most critical to ensure a definitive diagnosis, and offer management therapies that are appropriate for the level of impact the vocal nodules have on communication and voice production in the child. Correspondence to Pamela Mudd, MD, MBA, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. Tel: +1 202 476 4852; e-mail: pmudd@cnmc.org Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://ift.tt/2A0qvPh

Recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation: is this the standard of care for pediatric unilateral vocal cord paralysis?

Purpose of review Ansa to recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation, otherwise known as a nonselective laryngeal reinnervation (NSLR), is growing in popularity for the management of pediatric unilateral neuronal vocal fold movement impairment (VFMI). In this chapter, we will review the current treatment options for neuronal VFMI and role that NSLR plays in the treatment algorithm. Recent findings In 2018, Bouhabel and Hartnick published a survey of fellowship trained pediatric otolaryngologists and found an increasing comfort level with NSLR. Respondents felt that NSLR resulted in favorable subjective and objective postsurgical voice outcomes. Furthermore, NSLR may decrease the risk of aspiration in children with neuronal VFMI. Although NSLR appears to work, the voice results are not perfect for all children. Further work is being done to understand which preoperative variables, such as age, time from injury, and preop laryngeal electromyography, may predict a better voice outcome. Summary A variety of treatment options exist for unilateral neuronal VFMI. Recent data and developments demonstrate the effectiveness of reinnervation as a potential first-line surgical intervention in children with unilateral neuronal VFMI. Correspondence to Julina Ongkasuwan, MD, FAAP, FACS, Pediatric Otolaryngology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6701 Fannin Street, Mark Wallace Tower, Suite 640, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Tel: +1 832 822 3250; fax: +1 832 825 9070; e-mail: julinao@bcm.edu Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

https://ift.tt/2QFKaJQ

The long and winding road

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2A2sWAR

Treatment of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome with romidepsin: a series of 32 cases of the French Study Group for Cutaneous Lymphoma

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2OQ0hHe

Case Series showing efficacy of ALA‐Photodynamic therapy for Epidermal Growth factor Receptor Inhibitors‐induced paronychia and pyogenic granuloma like lesions

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

https://ift.tt/2NxsEoW

Mandibulotomy Approach for Resection of Maxillary Tumours: A Clinical Review

Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to assess the accessibility in the resection of maxillary tumours, resection margin status, and morbidity following maxillectomy through lip split with paramedian mandibulotomy approach.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective review of 20 consecutive patients who underwent maxillectomy with resection of primary tumours through lip split mandibulotomy approach with supraomohyoid neck dissection for maxillary tumours between 2008 and 2016. Patients details including the tumours site, extension and neck node involvement. were recorded. Resection technique, status of surgical resected margins was also discussed. Disease status was obtained from patients follow up records. Morbidity was assessed at mandibulotomy site in terms of infection, osteotomy healing, neural disturbance and mouth opening. The institutional research committee approval was taken for this study.

Results

All patients underwent adequate en bloc resection of the tumours, except in two patients in whom superior margins was positive. Osteotomy site healed well in our all patients except in one patient in whom there was infection at the osteotomy site during post radiation therapy. Minimal neural morbidity was encountered in four patients (three patients had lingual nerve hypothesia and two patients had inferior alveolar nerve hypothesia) which recovered in all four patients, over the 6th month post-operative period. Post-operative interincisal distance was satisfactory with a mean of 30.5 mm.

Conclusion

Mandibulotomy with lip split is considered to be an ideal approach to access tumours of maxilla and its adjacent structures, SOHND with level III clearance. This approach provide excellent accessibility for en bloc resection of operable maxillary tumours with good outcome of resultant scar and minimal morbidity.

https://ift.tt/2Pl6196

Improved patient adherence to subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy using a modified rush immunotherapy protocol

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): J. Teachout, S. Vandegrift, C. Schafer, S. Uekert, K. Gell

https://ift.tt/2EaZ5dr

Anaphylaxis After Anal Intercourse With Tolerance By Vaginal Route

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): J. Martí Garrido, R. López Salgueiro, B. Bartolomé Zavala, C. Perales Chordá, D. Hernández Fernández de Rojas

https://ift.tt/2RALA9z

On Becoming an Academician

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Stephanie J. Drew

https://ift.tt/2yqVP7P

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: definition and best practice for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

Author(s): Ourania Nicolatou-Galitis, Morten Schiødt, Rui Amaral Mendes, Carla Ripamonti, Sally Hope, Lawrence Drudge-Coates, Daniela Niepel, Tim Van den Wyngaert

Abstract

Skeletal complications due to osteoporosis or bone metastases are associated with considerable pain, increased mortality, and reduced quality of life. Furthermore, such events place a burden on healthcare resources. Agents that prevent bone resorption such as bisphosphonates or denosumab can reduce the risk of skeletal-related events and are widely used in patients with osteoporosis or bone metastases. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but potentially serious adverse event associated with high cumulative doses of bisphosphonates or denosumab. However, MRONJ can be treated and the likelihood of developing this condition can be reduced through prophylactic dental care and the maintenance of good oral hygiene. Dentists have a critical role in preventing MRONJ as part of a multi-professional team. This review describes the incidence and pathophysiology of MRONJ and provide guidance for dental practitioners on the screening, prophylactic treatment, diagnosis, and management of patients with this condition.

https://ift.tt/2OioB5n

Periodontal ligament fibroblasts migration injury via ROS/TXNIP/Nlrp3 inflammasome pathway with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide

Publication date: November 2018

Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 103

Author(s): Dawei Lian, Linfeng Dai, Zhaoyu Xie, Xing Zhou, Xiaohong Liu, Yang Zhang, Yi Huang, Yang Chen

Abstract

Inflammasomes serve as an intracellular machinery to initiate inflammatory response to various danger signals. However, the chronic periodontitis pathological relevance of this inflammasome activation, particularly in periodontal ligament fibroblasts, remains largely unknown. The present study demonstrated that Nlrp3 inflammasome components abundantly expressed in cultured mouse periodontal ligament fibroblasts (mPDLFs). In addition, our data demonstrated that P.g-LPS (Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide), a major injurious factor during chronic periodontitis, could induce the mPDLFs migration dysfunction and the inhibition of Nlrp3 inflammasome by Isoliquiritigenin (ISO) markedly recovered the migration dysfunction in mPDLFs. And Nlrp3 inflammasome components could be aggregated to form an inflammasome complex on stimulation of P.g-LPS, as shown by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Correspondingly, P.g-LPS induced Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, caspase-1 activation, IL-1β and HMGB1 release, which were blocked by Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitor (ISO). Interestingly, reactive oxygen species, TXNIP protein and TXNIP binding to Nlrp3 were markedly increased in mPDLFs with P.g-LPS. Furthermore, ROS generation inhibitor (Apocynin; APO) significantly reduced Nlrp3 inflammasome formation and IL-1β production in mPDLFs with P.g-LPS. And APO attenuated P.g-LPS-induced TXNIP protein expression and mPDLFs injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ROS/TXNIP/Nlrp3 Inflammasome pathway is a key initiating mechanism necessary for P.g-LPS-induced subsequent mPDLFs inflammatory response leading to chronic periodontitis.

https://ift.tt/2y9jKZM

Potential advantages of CD1-restricted T cell immunotherapy in cancer

Publication date: November 2018

Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 103

Author(s): Michela Consonni, Paolo Dellabona, Giulia Casorati

Abstract

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-specific "conventional" MHC-restricted T cells obtained from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or derived ex vivo by either antigen-specific expansion or genetic engineering of polyclonal T cell populations, shows great promise for cancer treatment. However, the wide applicability of this therapy finds limits in the high polymorphism of MHC molecules that restricts the use in the autologous context. CD1 antigen presenting molecules are nonpolymorphic and specialized for lipid antigen presentation to T cells. They are often expressed on malignant cells and, therefore, may represent an attractive target for ACT. We provide a brief overview of the CD1-resticted T cell response in tumor immunity and we discuss the pros and cons of ACT approaches based on unconventional CD1-restricted T cells.

https://ift.tt/2PsbkDP

Reply to “Letter to the Editor in response to the article, ‘The epidemiology of oral human papillomavirus infection in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis’”

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Oral Oncology

Author(s): Samantha Tam, Shuangshuang Fu, Li Xu, Kate Krause, David R. Lairson, Hongyu Miao, Erich M. Sturgis, Kristina R. Dahlstrom

https://ift.tt/2A0efyf

Accuracy of objective tests for diagnosing adult asthma in symptomatic patients: A systematic literature review and hierarchical Bayesian latent-class meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 8 October 2018

Source: Allergology International

Author(s): Hiroyuki Sano, Katsuyuki Tomita, Akiko Sano, Shou Saeki, Yusaku Nishikawa, Osamu Nishiyama, Takashi Iwanaga, Yuji Tohda

Abstract

Background

We obtain summary estimates of the accuracy of additional objective tests for the diagnosis of adult asthma using systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

Methods

Medline, Embase, and other relevant electronic databases were searched for papers published between January 1989 and December 2016. Studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of objective tests, including airway reversibility (AR), airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and fractionated exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) for the diagnosis of adult asthma in patients with symptoms suggestive of asthma. If papers were assessed appropriate using the adapted QUADAS-2 tool, meta-analysis was conducted using the hierarchical bivariate model. This hierarchical model accounts for both within and between study variability.

Results

Sixteen studies reported the performance of the evaluated objective tests at presentation. For diagnosis of adult asthma, overall sensitivity and specificity for AR were 0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.18 to 0.66) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.00); for AHR, 0.86 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.00) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.00); for FeNO, 0.65 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.77) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.90). Comprehensive comparison of three diagnostic tools for adult asthma using the back-calculated likelihood rate (LR) showed that AR and AHR corresponded to a higher LR+, and AHR gave a lower LR-.

Conclusions

In the current situation of no gold standard for diagnosis of adult asthma, AR and AHR are appropriate for ruling-in the true diagnosis, and AHR is superior for ruling-out a diagnosis. Since each objective test had a specific characteristic, it should be chosen depending on the situation, such as the capacity of the institution and the conditions of patients.

https://ift.tt/2y92VOO

Effects of boundary condition on shrinkage vectors of a flowable composite in experimental cavity models made of dental substrates

Abstract

Objectives

Bond strength to enamel and dentin depends on the bonding approach or condition. This study investigated the effects of the boundary conditions, in terms of the bonding substrate and the bonding condition, on the shrinkage vectors of a flowable composite.

Materials and methods

An experimental cylindrical cavity (diameter = 6 mm, depth = 3 mm) consisting of the enamel floor and the surrounding dentin cavity walls was prepared for the "enamel-floor" group. Cylindrical cavities of the same dimensions were prepared with access from the occlusal enamel into dentin and served as controls. Each cavity model group was divided and bonded with two bonding conditions (n = 9): a self-etch (Adper Easy Bond, 3M ESPE) and a total-etch approach (OptiBond FL, Kerr). The composite (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent) was mixed with glass beads, applied to the cavity, scanned twice by micro-CT (uncured and cured states). The scans were evaluated by rigid registration, sphere segmentation, and registration for computing shrinkage vectors.

Results

The free surface of all restorations moved downward. The shrinkage vectors in the experimental cavity model pointed downward towards the enamel cavity floor, and the net axial movement was downward. In the control group, shrinkage vectors additionally moved upward, away from the cavity floor. The effect of the bonding substrate and the bonding condition was investigated for the shrinkage vectors and the axial movement (univariate ANOVA).

Conclusion

The bonding substrate, enamel, influenced the shrinkage vectors' direction, while the bonding condition caused only variations in the magnitude.

Clinical relevance

Bonding to enamel influences shrinkage vectors' direction, while the bonding condition plays only a minor role.

Graphical abstract

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https://ift.tt/2E7WQrp

Chalazodermie amyloïde multifocale. Le concept d’élastopathie immunoglobulinémique

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie

Author(s): G. Hazemann, L. Gusdorf, M. Mitcov, C. Lenormand, D. Lipsker

Résumé

Introduction

Des altérations du tissu élastique dermique surviennent au cours de différentes entités, associées à une synthèse anormale d'immunoglobulines par un clone plasmocytaire, comme dans l'élastose amyloïde, l'amylose cutanée nodulaire anétodermique ou la cutis laxa associée à une gammapathie monoclonale. Nous rapportons le cas d'une amylose cutanée immunoglobulinémique révélée par une présentation chalazodermique inhabituelle et revisitons le spectre anatomoclinique des altérations du tissu élastique au cours des maladies impliquant une synthèse anormale d'immunoglobulines.

Observation

Une femme de 67 ans consultait pour des lésions non infiltrées anétodermiques du flanc gauche évoluant depuis une dizaine d'années. Elle avait aussi une plaque molle chalazodermique axillaire droite. Des biopsies révélaient des dépôts amyloïdes dermo-hypodermiques marqués par les anticorps anti-chaînes légères lambda en immunohistochimie, tandis que la coloration par l'orcéine et la microscopie électronique montraient une disparition quasi-complète des fibres élastiques. Il n'y avait pas d'argument en faveur d'une amylose systémique, mais une gammapathie monoclonale IgG lambda à l'état de traces est apparue au cours du suivi.

Discussion

Il s'agit d'une présentation clinique chalazodermique tout à fait inhabituelle d'une amylose immunoglobulinémique, ne s'intégrant dans aucun cadre nosologique clairement défini. Cela met en évidence les interactions complexes entre les protéines dérivées des immunoglobulines, incluant les chaînes légères et lourdes, et les composants du tissu élastique, conduisant à différents types d'altérations de ce dernier. Nous proposons donc le concept unificateur d'élastopathie immunoglobulinémique, soulignant la nécessité de rechercher une gammapathie monoclonale chez les patients atteints d'altérations du tissu élastique.

Summary

Introduction

Impairment of dermal elastic tissue occurs in different entities associated with immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin-derived protein-secreting clonal plasma cell proliferations, such as amyloid elastosis, anetodermic nodular amyloidosis or monoclonal gammopathy-associated cutis laxa. We report a case of cutaneous immunoglobulinemic amyloidosis revealed by a unique chalazodermic presentation and we review elastic tissue impairment in patients with monoclonal gammopathies.

Observation

A 67-year-old woman consulted for non-infiltrated anetodermic lesions on the upper left quadrant of her abdomen present for ten years. She also had a chalazodermic plaque with abnormal skin wrinkling and laxity in her right axilla. Biopsies revealed deep dermal and subcutaneous amyloid deposits. Immunohistochemistry with lambda light chain was positive. Orcein staining and electron microscopy showed extensive elastolysis. The patient presented no signs of systemic involvement, but a very small amount of monoclonal IgGλ gammopathy was detected during follow-up.

Discussion

This is a unique chalazodermic presentation of immunoglobulinemic amyloidosis that does not fit into a clearly-defined nosological setting. It highlights the complex interactions between immunoglobulin-derived proteins, including light and heavy chains, and elastic tissue components, leading to different types of impairment of the latter. We therefore suggest the unifying concept of immunoglobulinemic elastopathy, underscoring the need to screen for monoclonal gammopathy in patients presenting elastic tissue impairments.

https://ift.tt/2Pm1Byz

Anatomical study of jugular foramen in the neck

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Carlos Alberto Ferreira de Freitas, Luiz Roberto Medina dos Santos, Andreza Negreli Santos, Augusto Barreto do Amaral Neto, Lenine Garcia Brandão

Abstract

Introduction

The anatomical complexity of the jugular foramen makes surgical procedures in this region delicate and difficult. Due to the advances in surgical techniques, approaches to the jugular foramen became more frequent, requiring improvement of the knowledge of this region anatomy.

Objective

To study the anatomy of the jugular foramen, internal jugular vein and glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves, and to identify the anatomical relationships among these structures in the jugular foramen region and lateral-pharyngeal space.

Methods

A total of 60 sides of 30 non-embalmed cadavers were examined few hours after death. The diameters of the jugular foramen and its anatomical relationships were analyzed.

Results

The diameters of the jugular foramen and internal jugular vein were greater on the right side in most studied specimens. The inferior petrosal sinus ended in the internal jugular vein up to 40 mm below the jugular foramen; in 5% of cases. The glossopharyngeal nerve exhibited an intimate anatomical relationship with the styloglossus muscle after exiting the skull, and the vagal nerve had a similar relationship with the hypoglossal nerve. The accessory nerve passed around the internal jugular vein via its anterior wall in 71.7% of cadavers.

Conclusion

Anatomical variations were found in the dimensions of the jugular foramen and the internal jugular vein, which were larger in size on the right side of most studied bodies; variations also occurred in the trajectory and anatomical relationships of the nerves. The petrosal sinus can join the internal jugular vein below the foramen.

Resumo

Introdução

A complexidade anatômica do forame jugular torna a realização de procedimentos cirúrgicos nessa região delicada e difícil. Devido aos avanços obtidos nas técnicas cirúrgicas, as abordagens do forame jugular estão sendo realizadas com maior frequência, o que requer uma melhora correspondente no conhecimento de sua anatomia.

Objetivo

Estudar a anatomia do forame jugular, da veia jugular interna e dos nervos glossofaríngeo, vago e acessório, assim como as relações anatômicas entre estas estruturas na região do forame jugular e no espaço parafaríngeo.

Método

Um total de 60 lados de 30 cadáveres frescos foram examinados algumas horas após a morte. Os diâmetros e suas relações anatômicas foram analisados.

Resultados

Os diâmetros do forame jugular e da veia jugular interna foram maiores no lado direito na maioria dos espécimes estudados. O seio petroso inferior terminava na veia jugular interna até 40 mm abaixo do forame jugular, em 5% dos casos. O nervo glossofaríngeo exibiu uma relação íntima anatômica com o músculo estiloglosso após a sua saída do crânio, e o nervo vago exibiu uma relação semelhante com o nervo hipoglosso. O nervo acessório passou em torno da veia jugular interna via sua parede anterior em 71,7% dos cadáveres.

Conclusão

Foram encontradas variações anatômicas nas dimensões do forame jugular e da veia jugular interna, que apresentaram tamanhos maiores à direita na maioria dos espécimes estudados; variações também ocorreram na trajetória e nas relações anatômicas dos nervos. O seio petroso pode se unir à veia jugular interna abaixo do forame.

https://ift.tt/2QF85cm

Transverse Changes in Mandible Following Bilateral Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy Advancement

Abstract

Background

BSSRO is the most frequently performed surgical procedure for mandibular advancement. However, the effect of advancement on proximal segment is not clearly understood.

Aim and Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiographic transverse changes in mandible following BSSRO advancement and to compare the amount of transverse displacement of the proximal segment with the amount of surgical advancement.

Materials and Methods

Twelve cases of skeletal class II deformity undergoing fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy and requiring mandibular advancement were selected for the study. Pre-operative (T0) PA ceph and OPG were used to measure the linear distances from right to left Co–Go, Go–Me, Go–Go, Co–Co, Rp–Rp and Co–Me points. The cases were operated for BSSRO mandibular advancement. Post-operative (T1) PA ceph and OPG were used to compare the changes in linear measurements.

Result

There were six male and six female patients with an average age of 19.5 years. The average mandibular advancement was 6.5 mm. Post-operative radiographic changes in transverse measurements of Go–Me, Go–Go, Co–Co, Rp–Rp and Co–Me were statistical significant. The changes in Co–Go measurements were statistically not significant. We could not establish any correlation between mandibular advancement and amount of transverse changes.

Conclusion

Significant changes were noticed in transverse dimensions of mandible following BSSRO advancement in both PA ceph and OPG. The transverse changes had no clinical implication during the post-operative follow-up.

https://ift.tt/2OLlulO

Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression in adjacent non-tumour epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Pablo Ramos-García, Miguel Ángel González-Moles, Ángela Ayén, Lucía González-Ruiz, Isabel Ruiz-Ávila, Daniel Lenouvel, José Antonio Gil-Montoya, Manuel Bravo

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate cyclin D1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumour epithelium as a biomarker of premalignant fields and a risk factor for multiple tumour development.

Design

We studied cyclin D1 expression in 54 patients with 68 oral squamous cell carcinomas plus adjacent non-tumour epithelia characterized as close (n = 58) or distant (n = 41) from the invasion point. Randomized 40x fields were evaluated (4 in tumour tissue and 1 each in close and distant non-tumour epithelium). Expression in non-tumour epithelium was evaluated in basal, parabasal, middle-third and upper-third compartments.

Results

Cyclin D1 overexpression was found in both carcinomas and non-tumour epithelia. Nuclear expression in basal and parabasal layers of distant epithelium was significantly increased in patients with multiple tumours (p < 0.001). A significant association between cyclin D1 overexpression in different epithelial layers was found in both close and distant epithelia. A significant association was found between nuclear expressions of cyclin D1 and Ki-67 in the basal layer of distant epithelium (p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Cyclin D1 overexpression is an early event in oral carcinogenesis linked to loss of the physiological asymmetrical proliferation pattern. Cyclin D1 overexpression in basal and parabasal layers of epithelia distant from the invasion point may act as a potential marker of premalignant fields and multiple tumour development.

https://ift.tt/2OgVFKX

Genotyping of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by 25S rDNA analysis shows association with virulence attributes in oral candidiasis

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Pornpen Tantivitayakul, Naruemon Panpradit, Thaniya Maudcheingka, Arthit Klaophimai, Jinthana Lapirattanakul

ABSTRACT

Objectives

This study genotyped oral isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis by analyzing 25S rDNA transposable intron and evaluated their virulence attributes in oral candidiasis.

Design

C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were isolated from oral cavity of normal carriers (n = 100) and oral candidiasis patients (n = 100), genotyped by PCR, and virulence properties, namely, secreted phospholipase and proteinase activities (using an agar plate method) and binding to buccal epithelial cells, were determined. In addition, antifungal sensitivity was assayed for all Candida isolates.

Results

C. albicans genotypes A, B, C and D (C. dubliniensis) were identified. Genotype B was the most prevalent in both healthy and candidiasis groups and had highest buccal epithelial cell binding ability but lowest secreted phospholipase activity. Genotype C was the third most prevalent, with higher frequency in patients than normal carriers. Genotype A, the second most prevalent, was equally found in both groups. There were no significant differences in secreted proteinase activity among the three C. albicans genotypes. C. dubliniensis, the least prevalent, was more frequent in healthy carriers and demonstrated minimal levels of the virulence properties. When all Candida isolates were compared based on groups of subjects, only secreted phospholipase activity was significantly higher in isolates from candidiasis patients. All Candida isolates were susceptible to clotrimazole, fluconazole, miconazole and nystatin.

Conclusions

Genotyping based on the 25S rDNA transposable intron region provided a simple method allowing studies of the pathogenicity of each genotype.

https://ift.tt/2yp2qPU

Effects of articular disc or condylar cartilage resection on mandibular growth in young rats

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Shuo Chen, Lin-hai He, Lu Zhao, E. Xiao, Yang He, Yi Zhang

Abstract

Objective

This study was aimed to compare the effects of articular disc and condylar cartilage resection on mandibular growth in Sprague Dawley rats.

Design

Eighty-four male Sprague Dawley rats (age = 4 weeks) were grouped according to the following procedures: group A (n = 21), exclusive surgical exposure of articular disc and condylar cartilage; group B (n = 21), exclusive surgical resection of articular disc; group C (n = 21), exclusive surgical resection of condylar cartilage; group D (n = 21), surgical resection of both articular disc and condylar cartilage. All surgery was performed in unilateral. One rat was killed in each group immediately after the surgery. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to confirm the completely removal of the disc or cartilage. Five rats in the four groups were sacrificed in 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks post-operation. The heights and lengths of the mandibles were measured and analyzed statistically.

Results

The mandibular height of group D (5.01 ± 0.25 mm) was statistically lower than group A (5.59 ± 0.17 mm) at 1 week post-operation. The height of group C (5.62 ± 0.26 mm) was significantly lower than group A (6.27 ± 0.31 mm) 3 weeks after surgery. The height of group B (6.38 ± 0.36 mm) was significantly lower than group A (6.95 ± 0.10 mm) 6 weeks after surgery. At 9 weeks post-operation, the mandibular heights in groups B, C, and D were lower than group A, group D was lower than group C, and group C was lower than group B. The lengths of the mandibles were not significantly decreased until 9 weeks post-operation in group D.

Conclusions

The increase in mandibular height was interfered after either articular disc or condylar cartilage was resected, and mandibular height deficiency likely occurred earlier and more severely when cartilage was resected. However, the increase in mandibular length was barely interfered when either articular disc or condylar cartilage was resected.

https://ift.tt/2yoPMAl

Genotyping of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis by 25S rDNA analysis shows association with virulence attributes in oral candidiasis

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Pornpen Tantivitayakul, Naruemon Panpradit, Thaniya Maudcheingka, Arthit Klaophimai, Jinthana Lapirattanakul

ABSTRACT

Objectives

This study genotyped oral isolates of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis by analyzing 25S rDNA transposable intron and evaluated their virulence attributes in oral candidiasis.

Design

Results

Conclusions

Genotyping based on the 25S rDNA transposable intron region provided a simple method allowing studies of the pathogenicity of each genotype.

https://ift.tt/2yp2qPU

Asymmetrical proliferative pattern loss linked to cyclin D1 overexpression in adjacent non-tumour epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Pablo Ramos-García, Miguel Ángel González-Moles, Ángela Ayén, Lucía González-Ruiz, Isabel Ruiz-Ávila, Daniel Lenouvel, José Antonio Gil-Montoya, Manuel Bravo

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate cyclin D1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumour epithelium as a biomarker of premalignant fields and a risk factor for multiple tumour development.

Design

Results

Conclusions

https://ift.tt/2OgVFKX

Effects of articular disc or condylar cartilage resection on mandibular growth in young rats

Publication date: Available online 9 October 2018

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Shuo Chen, Lin-hai He, Lu Zhao, E. Xiao, Yang He, Yi Zhang

Abstract

Objective

This study was aimed to compare the effects of articular disc and condylar cartilage resection on mandibular growth in Sprague Dawley rats.

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Τρίτη 9 Οκτωβρίου 2018

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