Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men – short version

Abstract

Androgenetic alopecia is the most common hair loss disorder, affecting both men and women. Initial signs of androgenetic alopecia usually develop during teenage years leading to progressive hair loss with a pattern distribution. Moreover, its frequency increases with age and affects up to 80% Caucasian men and 42% of women. Patients afflicted with androgenetic alopecia may undergo significant impairment of quality of life. The European Dermatology Forum (EDF) initiated a project to develop evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Based on a systematic literature research the efficacy of the currently available therapeutic options was assessed and therapeutic recommendations were passed in a consensus conference. The purpose of the guideline is to provide dermatologists with an evidence-based tool for choosing an efficacious and safe therapy for patients with androgenetic alopecia.

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Acute intraventricular conduction disorder due to combination therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib for metastatic melanoma: Case report

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Case of pigmented lipofibromatosis in a 27-year-old woman

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Generalized verrucosis caused by various human papillomaviruses in a patient with GATA2 deficiency

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Dermoscopic features of endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma

Abstract

Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is very rare, with only 61 cases reported to date. EMPSGC is considered to be a low-grade carcinoma of sweat gland origin. Dermoscopic findings of EMPSGC have not been previously reported. We report the first case of a man with EMPSGC, featuring dermoscopic findings. Dermoscopic examinations of the present EMPSGC lesion revealed tumor cell proliferation that appeared as pink ovoid nests and elongated epidermis that resembled a whitish-pink network. Another characteristic finding of the present lesion was the large red/blue globules in pink ovoid nests in the tumor. Those reflected lacunae containing secretory fluid with red blood cells. We think that the large red/blue globules in pink ovoid nests in our case could be a characteristic dermoscopic finding specific to EMPSGC. We dermatologists encounter many "pink nodules" at out-patient clinics. The present dermoscopic findings may be useful for the differential diagnosis of EMPSGC.

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Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease) with vasculitis

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A meta-analysis of the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and hyperemesis gravidarum

Abstract

Background

Hyperemesis gravidarum remains a common, distressing, and significant yet poorly understood disorder during pregnancy. The association between maternal Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and hyperemesis gravidarum has been increasingly recognized and investigated. This study thus aimed to provide an updated review and meta-analysis of the topic.

Methods

Using the search terms (H. pyloriOR Helicobacter ORHelicobacter pyloriOR infection) AND (pregnancy OR emesis OR hyperemesis gravidarum OR nausea OR vomiting), a preliminary search on the PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and WanFang database yielded 372 papers published in English between January 1st, 1960 and June 1st, 2017.

Results

A total of 38 cross-sectional and case-control studies, with a total of 10 289 patients were eligible for review. Meta-analysis revealed a significant association between H. pylori infection and hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy, with a pooled odds ratio of 1.348 (95% CI: 1.156-1.539, P < .001). Subgroup analysis found that serologic and stool antigen tests were comparable methods of detecting H. pylori as they yielded similar odds ratios.

Limitations

Although the studies did not have high heterogeneity (I² = 28%), publication bias was observed, and interstudy discrepancies in the diagnostic criteria adopted for hyperemesis gravidarum limit the reliability of findings. Also, 15 of the included studies were from the same country (Turkey), which could limit the generalizability of current findings. The prevalence of H. pylori infection varies throughout the world, and there may also be pathogenic differences as most strains of H. pylori in East Asia carry the cytotoxin-associated gene A gene.

Conclusion

H. pylori infection was associated with an increased likelihood of hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori infections worldwide, detecting H. pylori infection and the eradication of maternal H. pylori infection could be part of maternal hyperemesis gravidarum management. Further confirmation with robust longitudinal studies and mechanistic investigations are needed.

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Macrolide use in the previous years is associated with failure to eradicate Helicobacter pylori with clarithromycin-containing regimens

Abstract

Background

There is some evidence that prior use of macrolide antibiotics is a useful predictor of the likelihood of standard triple therapy failure in Helicobacter pylori eradication. In this study, we have evaluated whether previous intake of macrolides correlates with failure to eradicate H. pylori using two different first-line clarithromycin-containing regimens.

Materials and Methods

Retrospective study of 212 patients with H. pylori infection treated with one of two first-line clarithromycin-containing regimens: 108 patients treated with triple therapy for 10 days and 104 patients treated with concomitant therapy for 10 days. The intake of macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin, and other macrolides) prior to the eradication therapy was obtained from the electronic medical record, which contains information regarding all the medication prescribed to the patients since the year 2004.

Results

One hundred of 212 patients (47.2%) had received at least one treatment with macrolides during the years prior to the eradication therapy. H. pylori eradication rates were significantly lower in patients with previous use compared to patients without previous use of macrolides, both with triple therapy (60.8% vs 92.9%; P < .0001) and with concomitant therapy (85.7% vs 98.2%; P = .024).

Conclusions

Previous use of macrolides correlates with a low H. pylori eradication rate with triple and concomitant clarithromycin-containing regimens. In addition, our study shows that in patients without previous use of macrolides, triple therapy achieves per-protocol eradication rates over 90%.

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New instrumentations in the operating room for sinus surgery

Purpose of review The article reviews the advancements in instrumentation in the operating room that augment the speed, safety or outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The article aims to update the Rhinologist on recent perioperative instruments that may benefit their practice. Recent findings The greatest advancements in the recent years have been in the field of visualization and optics. The introduction of high definition and ultra high definition 4K camera and screens supported by improvements with three-dimensional and variable angled endoscopes have greatly enhanced the quality and range of the visual information available to the sinus surgeon. This is closely supported by flexibility and enhanced functionality of the powered instrumentation with bipolar, monopolar and malleable blades and ever increasing more powerful burs. Summary Recent years have seen notable developments in the areas of optics, cameras and powered instruments to support the sinus surgeon. This article summarizes these developments and highlights the major benefits of these developments. Correspondence to Anshul Sama, BMedSci, BMBS, FRCS, Consultant Rhinologist and Skull Base Surgeon, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Tel: +44 115 9249924; e-mail: anshul.sama@nottingham.ac.uk Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The use of laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate oral soft tissue blood flow in humans: A review

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 86
Author(s): Ayepa Alain Kouadio, Fabienne Jordana, N'goran Justin Koffi, Pierre Le Bars, Assem Soueidan
The objective of this work is to define the conditions for improving the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and to determine the limits for the use of this technique.This article systematically reviews the literature on the evaluation of oral soft tissue blood microcirculation by LDF. We analysed the available literature through October 2016 using the database resources Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Trials Register and the ISI Web of Knowledge.Several points emerged from this literature reviewThe use of LDF involves specific constraints; however, the influence of different factors (temperature, tobacco, pressure etc.) must be adequately controlled when using LDF. LDF measurements of soft tissue within the oral cavity vary depending on the anatomical site. In dentistry, LDF can be used to track healing progress in periodontal surgery and to diagnose vascular flow changes in the connective tissue of mucosae covered by a removable prosthesis at an early stage prior to the onset of clinical inflammation signs.



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The use of laser Doppler flowmetry to evaluate oral soft tissue blood flow in humans: A review

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 86
Author(s): Ayepa Alain Kouadio, Fabienne Jordana, N'goran Justin Koffi, Pierre Le Bars, Assem Soueidan
The objective of this work is to define the conditions for improving the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and to determine the limits for the use of this technique.This article systematically reviews the literature on the evaluation of oral soft tissue blood microcirculation by LDF. We analysed the available literature through October 2016 using the database resources Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialist Trials Register and the ISI Web of Knowledge.Several points emerged from this literature reviewThe use of LDF involves specific constraints; however, the influence of different factors (temperature, tobacco, pressure etc.) must be adequately controlled when using LDF. LDF measurements of soft tissue within the oral cavity vary depending on the anatomical site. In dentistry, LDF can be used to track healing progress in periodontal surgery and to diagnose vascular flow changes in the connective tissue of mucosae covered by a removable prosthesis at an early stage prior to the onset of clinical inflammation signs.



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Expanding the Use of Organs from Hepatitis C-Viremic Donors: The Evidence Continues to Build

No abstract available

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What are the costs involved with a hair transplant?

In this article, we look at how hair transplants work and how much they tend to cost. We also examine other considerations and options for hair loss.

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