Utility of microbiologic testing in surveillance bronchoscopy following lung transplantation: A retrospective cohort study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Utility of microbiologic testing in surveillance bronchoscopy following lung transplantation: A retrospective cohort study via Transplant Infectious Disease Abstract Background The utility of surveillance bronchoscopy for the clinical management of lung transplant recipients is undefined. This study evaluates the role of surveillance bronchoscopy in the monitoring and care of lung transplant recipients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed all lung transplant recipients who had surveillance bronchoscopy at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan between August 2014 and August 2019. Bronchoscopies performed for clinical symptoms, new radiographic abnormalities, and to assess stents or acute rejection were excluded. A total of 107 lung transplant recipients and 449 bronchoscopies were analyzed. The primary outcome was rate of change in clinical care based on microbiologic and pathologic test results. Secondary outcomes were rates of microbiologic and pathologic test positivity and rates of adverse effects. Results The most common microbiologic tests performed on bronchoalveolar lavage were bacterial (96.9%), fungal (95.3%), and acid-fast bacillus (95.1%) stains and cultures. Of 2,560 microbiologic tests, 22.0% were positive and resulted in therapy changes for 2.9%. Positive galactomannan, acid-fast bacillus tests, and Pneumocystis jirovecii antigen/PCR did not result in therapy changes. Of the 370 transbronchial biopsies performed, 82.2% were negative for acute rejection and 13% were positive for A1/A2 rejection. Immunosuppressive therapy changes occurred after 15.8% with reduction in immunosuppression due to positive microbiologic tests in 16.9%. Adverse events occurred in 8.0% of patients. Conclusion Diagnostic stewardship is warranted when performing surveillance bronchoscopy in lung transplant recipients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

DNA virus oncoprotein HPV18 E7 selectively antagonizes cGAS‐STING‐triggered innate immune activation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader DNA virus oncoprotein HPV18 E7 selectively antagonizes cGAS‐STING‐triggered innate immune activation via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Cellular infections by DNA viruses trigger innate immune responses mediated by DNA sensors. The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway has been identified as a DNA-sensing pathway that activates interferons in response to viral infection and, thus, mediates host defense against viruses. Previous studies have identified oncogenes E7 and E1A of the DNA tumor viruses, human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) and adenovirus, respectively, as inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. However, the function of STING in infected cells and the mechanism by which HPV18 E7 antagonizes STING-induced IFNβ production remain unknown. We report that HPV18 E7 selectively antagonizes STING-triggered NF-κB activation but not IRF3 activation. HPV18 E7 binds to STING in a region critical for NF-κB activation and blocks the nuclear accumulation of p65. Moreover, E7 inhibition of STING-triggered NF-κB activation is related to HPV pathogenic ity but not E7–Rb binding. HPV18 E7, SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, HIV-2 Vpx, and KSHV vIRF1 selectively inhibited STING-triggered NF-κB or IRF3 activation, suggesting a convergent evolution among these viruses toward antagonizing host innate immunity. Collectively, selective suppression of the cGAS-STING pathway by viral proteins is likely to be a key pathogenic determinant, making it a promising target for treating oncogenic virus-induced tumor diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Reply to Letter to the Editor on disease severity and efficacy of homologous vaccination among patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta or Omicron VOCs, compared to unvaccinated using main biomarkers

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Reply to Letter to the Editor on disease severity and efficacy of homologous vaccination among patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta or Omicron VOCs, compared to unvaccinated using main biomarkers via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract We appreciate the commenters' interest in our article detailing the "Disease severity and efficacy of homologous vaccination among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron VOCs, compared to unvaccinated using main biomarkers This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chickenpox and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Chickenpox and multiple sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background Observational studies have suggested a suspected association between varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection and multiple sclerosis (MS), but the connection has remained unclear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the causal relationship between chickenpox which is caused by VZV infection and MS. Methods We performed a two‑sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the association of chickenpox with MS using summary statistics from genome‑wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS summary statistics data for chickenpox was from the 23andMe cohort including 107,769 cases and 15,982 controls. A large summary of statistical data from the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (IMSGC) was used as the outcome GWAS data set, including 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 controls. Results We found evidence of a significant association between genetically predicted chickenpox and risk of MS (odds ratio [OR] = 35.27 , 95% confidence interval [CI] = 22.97–54.17, P = 1.46E-59). Conclusions Our findings provided evidence indicating a causal effect of chickenpox on MS. Further elucidations of this association and underlying mechanisms are needed for identifying feasible interventions to promote MS prevention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Correlation between asparaginase enzyme activity levels and coagulation parameters during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Correlation between asparaginase enzyme activity levels and coagulation parameters during childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Thromboembolism is a serious toxicity in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but little is known about the correlation between asparaginase enzyme activity (ASA) levels and coagulation parameters. We included 65 non-high risk ALL patients, aged 1–17 years. Coagulation parameters and corresponding ASA levels were measured during asparaginase treatment. We found ASA to be negatively correlated with antithrombin and fibrinogen up to ASA levels of 250 IU/L, after which these parameters reached a plateau and did not decrease further with further increase of ASA. Patients with silent inactivation of asparaginase had normal coagulation parameters. View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Approach to Lymphedema Management

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Approach to Lymphedema Management via Seminars in Plastic Surgery Semin Plast Surg DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758691 Millions of people worldwide suffer from lymphedema. In developed nations, lymphedema most commonly stems secondarily from oncologic treatment, but may also result from trauma. More recently, lymphedema has been identified in patients after gender-affirmation phalloplasty reconstruction. Regardless of the etiology, the underlying pathophysiology involves blockage of lymphatic flow, resulting in lymph stasis, thus triggering a casca de of inflammation culminating in fibrosis and adipose deposition. Recent technical advances led to the refinement of physiologic and reductive surgeries—including lymphovenous anastomosis and free functional lymphatic transfer, which collectively encompass a variety of flap procedures including lymph node transfer, lymph channel transfer, and lymphatic system transfer. This article provides a summary of our approach in the assessment and management of the lymphedema patient, including detailed intraoperative photography and imaging, in addition to advanced technical considerations in physiologic reconstruction. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USA Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on Web

Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.