Relationship between enamel bond fatigue durability and surface free-energy characteristics with universal adhesives

The relationship between enamel bond fatigue durability and surface free-energy characteristics with universal adhesives was investigated. The initial shear bond strengths and shear fatigue strengths of five universal adhesives to enamel were determined with and without phosphoric acid pre-etching. The surface free-energy characteristics of adhesive-treated enamel with and without pre-etching were also determined. The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength of universal adhesive to pre-etched enamel were higher than those to ground enamel. The initial shear bond strength and shear fatigue strength of universal adhesive to pre-etched enamel were material dependent, unlike those to ground enamel. The surface free-energy of the solid (γ_S) and the hydrogen-bonding force () of universal adhesive-treated enamel were different depending on the adhesive, regardless of the presence or absence of pre-etching. The bond fatigue durability of universal adhesives was higher to pre-etched enamel than to ground enamel. In addition, the bond fatigue durability to pre-etched enamel was material dependent, unlike that to ground enamel. The surface free-energy characteristics of universal adhesive-treated enamel were influenced by the adhesive type, regardless of the presence or absence of pre-etching. The surface free-energy characteristics of universal adhesive-treated enamel were related to the results of the bond fatigue durability.

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Uncertain effect of preventative shoulder rehabilitation for patients who underwent total laryngectomy with neck dissection

Abstract

Introduction

Total laryngectomy (TL) with neck dissection (ND) is considered as crucial management for advanced-stage of laryngeal cancer. Shoulder dysfunction has long been recognized as a potential complication resulting from neck dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of early prophylactic rehabilitation program in patients who underwent TL with ND.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized design was used. Seventy-six participants who underwent TL with ND were assigned into either an intervention or a control group. The control group received current standard care with no formal shoulder exercise provided, while the intervention group attended early preventive rehabilitation lasting 12 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Measured outcomes included shoulder function and patient-reported quality of life. General linear models with repeated measures were used to examine outcome changes in both groups over the designated assessment intervals.

Results

Improvement in shoulder function and patient-reported quality of life were both statistically significant over time, with no significant difference between control or intervention groups, indicating little or no benefit of preventative intervention on shoulder function outcomes. Analysis involving five subscales and the summary score of the quality of life questionnaire had only statistically significant improvement over time for both the control or intervention groups, except for physical well-being domain which had statistical significance both over time and between the control and intervention groups.

Conclusion

In this study, preventative exercise program initiated immediately after surgery had a limited impact on both shoulder function and perceived quality of life.

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Defining limited stage small cell lung cancer: a radiation oncologists perspective

Description

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises 13%–15% of all diagnosed lung carcinomas and approximately 30% of those will be defined as limited stage-SCLC (LS-SCLC).1 The definition of LS-SCLC has undergone many modifications and there is no universally accepted definition till date (figure 1).2 It was first defined by the Veteran Affairs Lung cancer study Group (VALG) in 1973 and further redefined by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) in 1989 and 2010, respectively.1 2 Considerable heterogeneity exists pertaining to which definition is used for treating patients in routine practice. As a direct consequence of this, discussions often arise in multidisciplinary tumour board meetings in which different oncologists classify the same patient differently. The subsequent images demonstrate the heterogeneity in subjective classification of patients with SCLC and the role of radiotherapy (RT) in...

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Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the duodenum

Description

A 69-year-old Caucasian man presented to the gastroenterology clinic with complaints of nausea, abdominal pain and more than 100-pound unintentional weight loss over the past 1 year. He had a history of colon polyps and was overdue for surveillance colonoscopy. He was subsequently scheduled for an outpatient oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy as initial work-up for his symptoms. One week later, the patient underwent endoscopy. EGD showed an ulcerated mass in the second portion of the duodenum (figure 1). Biopsy of the lesion showed features of pleomorphic cells without glandular differentiation (figures 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical studies revealed pleomorphic cells positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 (figure 4), CAM 5.2 and vimentin (figure 5), focally positive for CK7 (figure 6), and weakly for CK20. They were negative for neuroendocrine markers chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD45 which is a lymphoid marker. Additional...

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Morbid jealousy reactivated by mood episodes

A middle-aged man who has been enduring financial constraint experienced a period of irritability, increased goal-directed activities and insomnia occurring along with extreme jealousy with his current wife. The episode was followed by depressed mood and non-prominent auditory hallucination. His previous history revealed a forensic psychiatry case of a murder he committed 20 years ago.

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Bruns nystagmus: an important clinical clue for cerebellopontine angle tumours

Description

A 24-year-old woman presented with gradual-onset left-sided hearing loss, progressive diminution of vision, headache and unsteadiness of gait. Comprehensive clinical evaluation revealed a left-sided lower motor neuron type of facial nerve palsy (figure 1), bilateral papilloedema, sensory loss in the distribution of ophthalmic branch of the left trigeminal nerve and cerebellar ataxia. Sensorineural hearing loss and absent corneal reflex were also observed on the left side. A coarse, left-beating nystagmus with leftward gaze and a fine primary-position right-beating nystagmus which increased on rightward gaze, consistent with Bruns nystagmus (video 1), were appreciated. In view of the clinical findings, a diagnosis of a space-occupying lesion involving the left cerebellopontine angle was considered. MRI of the brain documented a space-occupying lesion (4x3.5 cm) in the left cerebellopontine angle, most likely a vestibular schwannoma (figures 2 and 3). The condition was explained to...

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An unusual case of basilar artery aneurysm presenting with spastic quadriparesis

Unruptured aneurysm usually presents with headache and neuro-ophthalmic features; when it ruptures, it presents with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Basilar artery aneurysm represents only 3–5% of cerebral aneurysms. Non-haemorrhagic symptoms and the signs of unruptured aneurysms are manifested as mass effect, thromboembolic phenomenon or epileptical attacks. Clinical presentation of unruptured aneurysm depends on structures which are involved. In our case, the patient had insidious onset headache and spastic quadriparesis with sixth cranial nerve palsy, which implicate involvement of corticospinal pathways at the level of pons.

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Urinary Bladder Mass Due To Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Description

A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in November 2014. At diagnosis, his lymphocyte count was 169.66x10⁹/L (table 1). The fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) panel revealed 13q deletion, but there was no evidence of 17p deletion, 11q deletion or t (11;14). He then received four cycles of bendamustine and rituximab, and at the end of the treatment complete blood count showed a lymphocyte count of 1.01x10⁹/L (table 1), and an interval bone marrow biopsy showed only small lymphoid aggregate suggestive of partial response.1 In June 2017, his lymphocyte count was found to be elevated at 14.5x10⁹/L (table 1). An immunophenotypic analysis of the peripheral blood demonstrated approximately 78% lymphocytes and 0.5% mature CD14-positive monocytes. A predominant monoclonal B cell population was identified, comprising approximately 85% of lymphocytes and 67% of the processed specimen. It was...

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Budd-Chiari syndrome: a rare and life-threatening complication of Crohns disease

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is characterised by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow and may be triggered by the prothrombotic state associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We reported a case of Crohn's disease (CD) that presented with anasarca, ascites, symptomatic hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes, increased prothrombin time and low albumin. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy confirmed active CD. Abdominal CT showed hepatic vein thrombosis. Liver biopsy revealed severe perivenular sinusoidal dilation with areas of hepatocyte dropout, bands of hepatocyte atrophy and centrizonal fibrosis, suggestive of BCS. The patient was treated with steroids for CD and systemic anticoagulants for BCS. His liver function and enzymes normalised, and he reported symptomatic improvement. The precise mechanism responsible for increased hypercoagulability in IBD remains unclear. Early recognition and treatment for possible thrombotic complications of CD is critical to prevent potentially fatal events like pulmonary embolism or liver failure.

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Recurrent hiccups may signal brainstem pathology and should be investigated

While occasional hiccups are normal, their persistent recurrence is distressing and may have an underlying aetiology. Patients with recurrent hiccups may undergo a long journey and see many physicians before the diagnosis is finally made. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of central nervous system lesions as a possible cause for recurrent hiccups and provide an illustrative case of an otherwise fit man presenting with ongoing hiccups caused by a medullary haemangioblastoma.

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Vancomycin-induced coronary artery spasm: a case of Kounis syndrome

Kounis syndrome defined as the appearance of acute coronary syndrome in the context of an allergic reaction is a relatively rare phenomenon. There are three variants of this syndrome in which the patient presents with symptoms of an acute chest. Herein, we describe a case of an 83-year-old woman who demonstrated type I variant of Kounis syndrome in response to vancomycin administration. After initialisation of vancomycin, she became unresponsive and an ECG demonstrated ST changes consistent with inferior-lateral myocardial infarction. Once allergic stimulus was removed, ECG normalised. Differential diagnosis includes, myocardial infarctions, angina as well as intravascular stent thrombosis, which must all be ruled out. The patient was monitored and discharged soon thereafter.

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Early intrauterine pregnancy during major surgery: the importance of preoperative assessment and advice

We present a case of a live birth occurring post radical laparoscopic excision of endometriosis, hysteroscopy, curettage and test of tubal patency in the presence of an early intrauterine gestation.

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Acquired pyloric stenosis resulting in hypokalaemic, hyperchloraemic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Persistent vomiting in an adult: cause and effect

A 24-year-old woman presented with a history of persistent vomiting for at least 3 months. This resulted in severe dehydration with risk of acute kidney injury. In addition to volume depletion, loss of gastric fluid resulted in a specific metabolic derangement—hypokalaemic, hypochloraemic normal anion gap metabolic alkalosis with a reduced ionised calcium concentration and paradoxical aciduria. These metabolic changes were reflected in her ECG. Investigation demonstrated acquired gastric outflow tract obstruction secondary to a pyloric peptic ulcer. The patient was resuscitated with intravenous crystalloid and electrolyte supplements. The acquired pyloric stenosis was treated medically with a proton pump inhibitor and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with excellent recovery.

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Marked cachexia in probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with bronchopleural fistula

A 49-year-old man with a medical history of diabetes and heavy smoking was admitted to intensive care with severe bilateral pneumonia associated with marked cachexia. He developed a complex right-sided bronchopleural fistula and was transferred to our tertiary centre for consideration of surgical intervention.

Despite escalation of antibiotic therapy, he did not improve and further investigations led to a diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Definitive treatment plans required a right pneumonectomy; however, given the severity of cachexia, he remained unable to undergo such a large operation. This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a mildly immunodeficient individual. It highlights the challenges in assessment and management of critically ill patients' nutrition as well as optimal timing for surgical intervention.

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Portal vein embolisation in a patient with situs inversus

Portal vein embolisation (PVE) is a well-established technique used for patients who require major hepatic resections without sufficient volume of future remnant liver (FRL). We describe a case of PVE in a patient with situs inversus. Computed Tomography (CT) 4 weeks after the procedure demonstrated significant hypertrophy of the FRL. However, the surgical procedure was aborted due to signs of extrahepatic progression.

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'Clinically suspected myocarditis with pseudoinfarct presentation complicated with left ventricular aneurysm

A 51-year-old man presented with chest pain, high troponin level, inflammatory syndrome and ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads. While the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed anteroseptal hypokinesis and apical akinesis, the coronary angiogram was normal. Cardiac MR demonstrated a typical aspect of myocarditis (multiple areas of mid-myocardial late gadolinium enhancement, sparing the subendocardial layer, along with oedema). The initial diagnosis was clinically suspected myocarditis with pseudoinfarct presentation. However, the short-term evolution was not typical of this syndrome, since an apical transmural scar with aneurysm developed within 2 weeks. Seven years later, the patient remained asymptomatic, while Q waves persisted in anterior leads along with an apical aneurysm on TTE. A transmural myocardial necrosis with aneurysm is an unusual complication of acute myocarditis. The potential mechanisms accounting for the development of these lesions are reviewed, and the clinical implications for the diagnosis and monitoring of acute myocarditis are discussed.

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A ping-pong ball in left atrium

Description

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is much prevalent in low/middle-income  country like India with the prevalence ranging from 0.2 to 1.1/1000 for RHD and from 0.0007 to 0.2/1000 for rheumatic fever.1 Factors that precipitate the formation of clot are atrial fibrillation (AF) rhythm, left atrial (LA) size, duration of symptoms, advanced age and severity of mitral stenosis (MS).2 The prevalence of LA clot in patients with MS is 26% in the AF group and 13.5% in the normal sinus rhythm group.3 The risk of thromboembolism is 9–14% of patients suffering from RHD.4 5 Anticoagulation (vitamin K antagonist or heparin) is indicated in patients with MS with (1) AF (paroxysmal, persistent or permanent) or (2) prior embolic event or (3) a LA thrombus.6

We present a case of a 30-year-old man, a known case of RHD who had balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) 10 years...

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Chronic strongyloidiasis with recurrent asthma exacerbations and steroid-associated 'hives

A 74-year-old man experienced worsening asthma for several years. Oral steroids were required on multiple occasions for asthma treatment. During his steroid courses, he developed a hive-like rash, which would resolve after completion of each steroid course. He was from Romania, and had lived in the USA for many years. Laboratory testing had shown eosinophilia. He was eventually diagnosed with strongyloidiasis by serology. Treatment with ivermectin led to marked improvement but not resolution of his long-term asthma. His hive-like rash, which was likely larva currens, did not recur with a subsequent steroid course. Improved recognition of strongyloidiasis, particularly in steroid-treated patients, is needed.

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Laryngeal tuberculosis: a rare cause of critical airway obstruction

Laryngeal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare condition, occurring in less than 1% of patients infected with pulmonary TB. We present a case of a 57-year-old male patient, who presented in extremis with audible stridor, increased work of breathing and cyanosis. In addition, the patient had a complex medical history, including a recent diagnosis of congenital malformation of the epiglottis. Emergency intervention was required to secure the airway, and after initial attempts at intubation were unsuccessful, an emergency tracheostomy was performed. Four days after initial presentation, his sputum tested positive for acid-fast bacilli, and a subsequent CT chest revealed pulmonary as well as laryngeal TB, which was confirmed on biopsy of the larynx. The patient was commenced on a 24-week course of anti-tuberculous treatment and was successfully decannulated 6 months after the emergency airway was established.

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Unusual 'feathery cause of a parapharyngeal abscess in an infant

A 7-month-old boy presented to the emergency department with reduced oral intake, neck swelling and fever. Clinical examination revealed a 3 cm left parotid and left level I neck swelling with left medialised tonsil but no trismus. Computed imaging confirmed the presence of an abscess in the peritonsillar area with extension into the parapharyngeal space and deep lobe of the parotid gland. The abscess was incised and drained transorally. Following drainage of the abscess, a small 3 mm suspicious foreign body was seen. After extraction, this was revealed to be a 60 mm feather. We would like to highlight this unusual case in an infant and to ensure that foreign body is considered as aetiology. There are only a handful of cases in the literature involving feathers causing neck abscesses and, to our knowledge, this is the first case where the patient presented with a pharyngeal abscess, which was drained transorally.

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Microangiopathies in pregnancy

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially reversible, life-threatening medical emergency. We present a case of a 21-year-old female with evidence of haemolytic anaemia based on the presence of positive markers of haemolysis. Negative Coomb's test, thrombocytopenia and placental infarcts raised suspicion for a thrombotic microangiopathy. She was diagnosed with TTP and managed with emergency plasma exchange. Her recovery was immediate.

A presumptive diagnosis of TTP should be based on the presence of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia and plasma exchange should be initiated while complete work up is pending. Using the regular pentad solely for diagnosis of TTP will lead to underdiagnosis of many cases and should be avoided.

Several microangiopathies can be seen during pregnancy including TTP/atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome, HELLP syndrome, pre-eclampsia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Distinction between each type will be the focus of our discussion as treatment decisions differ accordingly.

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Sinogenic intracranial complications: is adalimumab a culprit?

We present two 11-year-old girls with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, treated with adalimumab. Both developed severe intracranial complications to sinusitis. Patient 1 had been treated with adalimumab for 15 months when she developed acute sinusitis complicated by an orbital abscess, forehead swelling, a subdural empyema and osteomyelitis of the frontal bone. She was treated with a rhinosurgical and neurosurgical approach with intravenous antibiotics.Patient 2 had been in adalimumab treatment for 10 weeks. Adalimumab was discontinued 8 weeks prior to developing subdural empyema and subcortical abscesses in combination with sinusitis. She was treated with endoscopic sinus surgery and intravenous antibiotics. Both patients had developed psoriasis and episodes of infection during treatment. They were non-septic and had low fever on presentation. None of the patients suffered any long-term neurological sequelae. The immunosuppressive treatment with adalimumab is considered to be the cause of the sinogenic intracranial complications in our cases.

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Oral bacterial colonization on dental implants restored with titanium or zirconia abutments: 6-month follow-up

Abstract

Objective

This investigation aimed to characterize in a 6-month follow-up the microbial profile of implants restored with either titanium or zirconia abutments at the genus or higher taxonomic levels.

Methods

Twenty healthy individuals indicative for implant-retained single restorations were investigated. Half of participants were restored with titanium and half with zirconia abutments. Biofilm was collected from the implant-related sites after 1, 3, and 6 months of loading. The 16S rDNA genes were amplified and sequenced with Roche/454 platform.

Results

A total of 596 species were identified in 360 samples and grouped in 18 phyla and 104 genera. Titanium- or zirconia-related sites as well as teeth showed similar total numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) colonizing surfaces over time. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the most prevalent phyla with significant differences between different surfaces and time point. Unclassified genera were found in lower levels (1.71% up to 9.57%) on titanium and zirconia samples when compared with teeth, with no significant differences.

Conclusion

Titanium- and zirconia-related surfaces are promptly colonized by a bacterial community similar to those found in the remaining adjacent teeth. Results suggest a selective adhesion of different bacterial genotypes for either titanium or zirconia surfaces. Data also indicate a significant interaction between the relative effects taxa, time point, and sampling site.

Clinical relevance

The present study disclosed a wider spectrum of microorganisms colonizing either titanium- or zirconia-related microbiomes in very early stage of implant colonization, revealing differences and suggesting a probably specific mechanism for selective bacterial adhesion.

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Photobiomodulation induces in vitro re-epithelialization via nitric oxide production

Abstract

Photobiomodulation is a widely used tool in regenerative medicine thanks to its ability to modulate a plethora of physiological responses. Wound re-epithelialization is strictly regulated by locally produced chemical mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive free radical generated by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymatic family. In this study, it has been hypothesized that a 980-nm low-level laser stimulation could increase NO production in human keratinocytes and that such event might be directly related to the re-epithelialization process. Human keratinocytes were irradiated with increasing energy outputs (10–75 J) in the absence or presence of L-NAME, a NOS inhibitor. Laser stimulation induced an increase in NO production, resulting in an energy-dependent increase in both keratinocytes proliferation and re-epithelialization ability. The direct link between increased NO production and the observed physiological responses was confirmed by their inhibition in L-NAME pre-treated samples. Since NO production increase is a quick event, it is conceivable that it is due to an increase in existing NOS activity rather than to a de novo protein synthesis. For this reason, it could be hypothesized that photobiomodulation-derived NO positive effects on keratinocytes behavior might rely on a near infrared mediated increase in NOS conformational stability and cofactors as well as substrate binding ability, finally resulting in an increased enzymatic activity.

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Treatment of severe periodontitis with a laser and light-emitting diode (LED) procedure adjunctive to scaling and root planing: a double-blind, randomized, single-center, split-mouth clinical trial investigating its efficacy and patient-reported outcomes at 1 year

Abstract

Broad methodological heterogeneity makes the literature on the clinical effects of laser treatment in periodontitis, both as monotherapy and adjunct to non-surgical therapy, which is difficult to interpret. The present split-mouth study was performed: (i) to determine the efficacy and safety of a photoablative-photodynamic diode laser therapy, including antiseptic LED irradiation, in adjunct to scaling and root planing (iPAPD+SRP) vs. sham-treatment+SRP for the treatment of diffuse severe periodontitis and (ii) to estimate the patient-reported outcomes. Twenty-four patients with severe periodontitis were treated with iPAPD+SRP or sham-treatment+SRP. iPAPD+SRP consisted of the following: (1) intra-/extra-pocket de-epithelization with photoablative λ 810 nm laser, (2) disinfection with λ 405 nm LED, (3) SRP, and (4) 10 weekly antiseptic/anti-inflammatory photodynamic treatments with λ 635 nm laser and 0.1% toluidine blue as photosensitizer. Clinical and cytofluorescent periodontal markers and patient-reported results were analyzed. At 1-year follow-up, both groups showed a significant reduction of several severity markers of periodontitis, namely probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP), as well as of bacteria, polymorphonuclear cells, erythrocytes and damaged epithelial cells in exfoliative samples, as compared with day 0. The quadrants subjected to iPAPD+SRP showed significantly better values of these parameters as well as of clinical attachment level (CAL) as compared with those undergoing sham-treatment+SRP. The patients' perceived pain/discomfort, and overall liking was also in favor of the iPAPD+SRP treatment. This study confirms the efficacy of combined phototherapy in adjunct to SRP which had emerged from previous clinical trials, extending its field of application to severe periodontitis.

http://ift.tt/2FOtz1K

An immunohistochemical score to predict the outcome for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Oral cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, with a poor survival. Our aim was to evaluate several protein markers in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and analyse their prognostic value on patient′s survival.

Methods

We analysed the expression of EGFR, p53, p27, p16, cyclin D1, cyclin A2, COX-2, Ki-67, Bcl-2, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2, by immunohistochemistry on 67 primary OSCC. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) analysis was evaluated by the Cox regression model.

Results

Markers showed variable expression between 27.9% to 95.2%. In univariate analysis for CSS we found that four of the tested markers namely, high expression of p53 (P=0.001), EGFR (P=0.003), cyclin A2 (P=0.005) and low expression of p16 (P=0.019), along with clinical stage (P<0.001), tumour size (P<0.001), presence of nodal metastasis (P<0.001), and perineural permeation (P=0.039) were related with decreased survival. Based on these results, we constructed an immunohistochemical score hinging on the possibility that any tumour could express none of these four markers (score 0), one or two markers (score 1), and three or more markers (score 2). In multivariable analysis, this immunohistochemical score revealed an independent prognostic value on cancer-specific survival (P=0.001; HR: 3.7: 95%CI 1.7-7.9). Moreover, we confirmed that in early stage tumours (stage I or II) this score maintained its independent prognostic value (P=0.025; HR: 7.9, 95%CI 1.3-49.1) on CSS.

Conclusion

The expression of the markers p53, p16, EGFR and cyclin A in OSCC, combined to give an immunohistochemical score, may identify high-risk subgroups for decreased survival and to further guide therapeutic decisions.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Associations of Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat with Insulin Resistance and Secretion Differ Between Men and Women: The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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A patient with chronic labial oedema and nodular palatal lesions

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Suspected hypersensitivity to cervicovaginal fluid – what can we learn from the seminal plasma allergy story?

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Forthcoming Events

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Announcement

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Issue Information

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Beyond the headlines – JEADV editor's pick of the year 2017

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Fragrance contact allergy

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Cryolipolysis for the treatment of submental fat: Review of the literature

Summary

Background

Submental fat accumulation is a common cosmetic concern. Cryolipolysis utilizes noninvasive cooling to lyse adipocytes. A cryolipolysis device was recently approved for treatment of submental fat.

Objective

This manuscript provides a review of the preclinical work and clinical trials related to cryolipolysis for the treatment of submental fat. Settings, efficacy, and side effects are also discussed.

Materials and Methods

A literature search was performed through Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CINAHL, using the search terms "cryolipolysis," "submental," and "paradoxical adipose hyperplasia". Additional sources from the original source bibliographies were used to further supplement this review.

Results

There are 4 clinical trials and one case series (total 101 patients) that evaluated the use of cryolipolysis for treatment of submental fat. In these studies, there was a statistically significant reduction in submental fat and patients expressed high satisfaction with the treatment. Adverse effects were mild and transient.

Conclusions

Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive cooling technique that is safe and effective for treatment of submental fat. To date, there are no reports of marginal mandibular nerve injury or paradoxical adipose hyperplasia following treatment with this device.

http://ift.tt/2ERBGJy

Giant Cell Arteritis: Practical Pearls and Updates

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to summarize recent updates and distill practical points from the literature which can be applied to the care of patients with suspected and confirmed giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Recent Findings

Contemporary thinking implicates a fundamental failure of T regulatory cell function in GCA pathophysiology, representing opportunity for novel therapeutic avenues. Tocilizumab has become the first Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for GCA following demonstration of efficacy and safety in a phase 3 clinical trial.

Summary

There have been significant parallel advances in both our understanding of GCA pathophysiology and treatment. Tocilizumab, and other agents currently under investigation in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, presents a new horizon of hope for both disease remission and avoidance of glucocorticoid-related complications.

http://ift.tt/2mRuXJ3

Epidermal permeability barrier function and sphingolipid content in the skin of sphingomyelin synthase 2 deficient mice

Abstract

Background

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) is an enzyme that generates sphingomyelin (SM) from ceramide (CER) and phosphatidylcholine. SM in the epidermis is a precursor of CER, an important lipid for epidermal permeability barrier function. However, the physiological role of SMS in skin is unclear.

Objectives

To uncover the function of SMS in skin, we investigated sphingolipid metabolism enzyme activity in skin, SM content in the epidermis, CER content in the stratum corneum (SC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) as an indicator of barrier function in SMS2-knockout (KO) mice.

Methods

The activities of sphingolipid metabolism enzymes in skin homogenates were measured using a fluorescently labeled substrate. Enzymatic reaction products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipids in the epidermis or SC were extracted and quantified by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). TEWL was measured using a Tewameter TM300.

Results

In SMS2-KO mice, SMS activity in skin homogenates, epidermal SM content and SC CER content were significantly decreased relative to wild type (WT) mice. The TEWL of SMS2-KO mice was significantly increased compared to WT mice.

Conclusion

Our data indicate that SMS2 generate SM in the epidermis and contribute to epidermal permeability barrier function and will support understanding of SM related metabolic disorders.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hipoacusia: Un nuevo factor de riesgo para demencia

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Quistes de cuerda vocal: Experiencia en 44 pacientes del Centro de Voz del Departamento de Otorrinolaringología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

RESUMEN Introducción: Los quistes de cuerda vocal son una causa relativamente frecuente de disfonía. Su origen es aún controversial, y su diagnóstico y manejo continúan siendo un desafío clínico. Objetivo: Exponer y analizar las características clínicas de los quistes de cuerda vocal en nuestra serie de pacientes. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de quiste de cuerda vocal atendidos en nuestro centro entre junio de 2012 y diciembre de 2015. Resultados: Se atendieron 44 pacientes con diagnóstico de quiste de cuerda vocal, lo que representa el 4,32% de las consultas en nuestro Centro de Voz. La mayoría de los pacientes fueron adultos, y de ellos el 68,29% correspondió a mujeres. El 34,1% de los pacientes fueron sometidos a tratamíento quirúrgico con técnica de microfonocirugía. El 75% de los pacientes operados presentó mejoría en patrón de onda mucosa videolaringoestroboscópica. Todos los pacientes en los que se disponía de encuestas de valoración subjetiva de la voz pre y posoperatorias demostraron mejoría vocal significativa. Conclusión: Los quistes de cuerda vocal son lesiones que afectan a niños y adultos. La videolaringoestroboscopía es clave en el diagnóstico de estas lesiones, y el tratamiento quirúrgico con microfonocirugía es efectiva en cuanto a resultados vocales desde el punto de vista anatómico y funcional.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Vocal cord cysts are a relatively frequent cause of dysphonia. Their origin is still controversial, and their diagnosis and management continue to be a clinical challenge. Aim: To describe and analyze the clinical characteristics of vocal cord cysts in our series of patients. Material and method: Descriptive retrospective study of patients with diagnosis of vocal cord cyst attended in our center between June 2012 and December 2015. Results: 44 patients had the diagnosis of vocal cord cyst, which represents 4.32% of the patients that attended our Voice Center during that period. Most of the patients were adults, and among them 68.29% corresponded to women. 34.1% of the patients were submitted to surgical treatment with microphonosurgery technique. 75% of the surgical patients presented an improvement in the pattern of the videolaryngostroboscopic mucosal wave. All the patients in which pre and postsurgical subjective voice assessment polls were available, showed a significant voice improvement. Conclusion: Vocal cord cysts are lesions that affect both children and adults. The videolaryngostroboscopy evaluation is key in the diagnosis of these lesions, and the surgical treatment with microphonosurgery is effective in terms of anatomical and functional vocal results.

http://ift.tt/2mQebtH

Sinus Tympani y recidiva en cirugía de colesteatoma

RESUMEN Introducción: El sinus tympani (ST) es una de las áreas que más presenta colesteatoma residual. Recientemente se ha clasificado en 3 tipos de acuerdo a su morfología. Objetivos: Determinar el tipo de ST en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de colesteatoma y analizar su impacto como factor de recidiva. Material y método: Revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes sometidos a cirugía de colesteatoma entre los años 2004 y 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Concepción. Análisis de la tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) preoperatoria y posterior evaluación clínica de los pacientes operados mediante mastoidectomía canal wall down (CWD). Resultados: En el periodo descrito se operaron 271 oídos. El 60% de los casos analizados presentó ST tipo A y 40% ST tipo B. Se identificaron 12 casos de recidiva, 3 ST tipo B y 9 ST tipo A, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos. Discusión: Distinto a lo reportado en la literatura el tipo de ST más frecuente en nuestro estudio fue el tipo A, lo que podría corresponder a una variable étnica. Conclusión: El estudio preoperatorio con TAC es una herramienta útil para evaluar el tipo y compromiso del ST. Las diferencias anatómicas entre ST tipo A y B parece no ser un factor determinante de recidiva en mastoidectomías CWD.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Sinus tympani (ST) is one of the areas with the most residual cholesteatoma. Recently it has been classified in 3 types according to its morphology. Aim: To determine the type of ST in patients undergoing cholesteatoma surgery and to analyze its impact as a relapse factor. Material and method: Review of clinical files of patients submitted to cholesteatoma surgery between 2004 and 2015 at the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Preoperative computed axial tomography (CT) analysis and subsequent clinical evaluation of patients operated by canal wall down mastoidectomy (CWD). Results: In the described period 271 ears were operated. 60% of the cases analyzed had ST type A and 40% ST type B. Twelve cases of relapse were identified, 3 ST type B and 9 ST type A, with no statistically significant difference between the two. Discussion: Unlike to what is reported in the literature, the most common ST type in our study was type A, which could correspond to an ethnic variable. Conclusion: The preoperative study with CT is a useful tool to evaluate the type and commitment of ST. The anatomical differences between ST type A and B seems not to be a determinant factor of relapse in CWD mastoidectomies.

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Fibroangioma nasofaríngeo juvenil. Experiencia de 15 años en el Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau

RESUMEN Introducción: El fibroangioma nasofaríngeo juvenil es un tumor vascular benigno localmente agresivo, que afecta casi exclusivamente la nasofaringe de adolescentes de sexo masculino. Su manejo es complejo dada su extensión, naturaleza vascular y sus frecuentes recurrencias. Objetivo: Mostrar la experiencia de 15 años en fibroangioma juvenil en nuestro centro. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ingreso de fibroangioma nasofaríngeo juvenil al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau entre los años 1997 y 2011, caracterizando al grupo de estudio en cuanto a características clínico-demográficas, vasos aferentes, relación entre etapa tumoral y vascularización, manejo terapéutico, complicaciones y recurrencias. Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 20 pacientes, todos de sexo masculino, con un promedio de edad de 13,9 años. El síntoma de presentación más frecuente fue la epistaxis a repetición y obstrucción nasal presente en el 90% y 80%, respectivamente. Todos los pacientes se estudiaron con tomografia computarizada y recibieron embolización arterial preoperatoria. La mayoría de los tumores fueron de tipo II (65%) y III (20%), según clasificación de Radkowski. La técnica quirúrgica más empleada fue abierta (57,8%). Radioterapia en un caso. El vaso aferente principal fue la maxilar interno ipsilateral en el 100%. Todos los fibroangiomas etapa III eran además irrigados por la arteria carótida interna. Se encontró 20% de persistencia y 15% de recidiva. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados concuerdan con la gran mayoría de las series publicadas en la literatura. Epistaxis recurrente, obstrucción nasal y tumor nasal unilateral deben hacernos sospechar de esta patología en un adolescente masculino. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía con embolización preoperatoria. La vía de abordaje endoscópica presenta menor morbilidad posoperatoria en pacientes con estadios I y II de Radkowski. Todos los fibroangiomas con compromiso intracraneano, presentan irrigación también del sistema carotideo interno.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Nasopharyngeal Fibroangioma is a locally aggressive benign vascular tumor. Its management is complex given its size, vascular nature and its frequent recurrences. Aim: To show the experience of 15 years in Juvenile Fibroangioma in our center. Material and method: Retrospective descriptive study of patients admitted with a diagnosis of Juvenile Fibroangioma Nasopharyngeal in the Department of Otolaryngology Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau between 1997 and 2011. Results: A total of 20 patients was obtained. The most common presenting symptom was recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction present in 90% and 80% respectively. The most common surgical technique was open (57.8%). Radiotherapy in one case. The main afferent vessel was the ipsilateral internal maxillary in 100%. All Fibroangioma stage III were also supplied by the internal carotid artery. 20% of persistence and 15% of recurrence was found. Conclusion: Recurrent epistaxis, nasal obstruction and unilateral nasal tumor should raise the suspicion of this disease in a male teenager. The treatment of choice is surgery with preoperative embolization. The route of endoscopic approach has less postoperative morbidity in patients with stage I and II of Radkowski. All Fibroangioma with intracranial commitment, have also the internal carotid irrigation system.

http://ift.tt/2mQVGFq

Causas de rinoplastía secundaria: Análisis de 277 casos

RESUMEN Introducción: La rinoplastía secundaria cada día es más frecuente debido a la creciente popularidad de la cirugía estética y también por las mayores expectativas del paciente y del cirujano. La rinoplastía secundaria ha llegado a ser un campo en evolución con desafíos únicos. Para enfrentarlo adecuadamente el cirujano debe analizar y comprender las necesidades específicas del paciente y las causas anatómicas que generaron el problema y cómo corregirlo. Objetivo: Identificar los problemas anatómicos más frecuentemente encontrados en 277 rinoplastías secundarias y sistematizarlos para una mejor evaluación preoperatoria y planificación quirúrgica. Material y método: Análisis retrospectivo de 1.160 rinoplastías operadas por el otorrinolaringólogo Dr. Luis Villarroel entre el 1 de enero de 2006 y el 31 de marzo de 2015, de las cuales 277 son rinoplastías secundarias (24%). En ellas se encontraron 1.197 problemas o deformidades (4,3 promedio), que se dividieron en tercio superior, medio, inferior y endonasales, con una subdivisión de deformidades individuales dentro de cada grupo. También se comparan los resultados encontrados según si la cirugía primaria fue de otro cirujano (rinoplastías secundarias) o del mismo autor (rinoplastías de revisión). Resultados: El 85% de los pacientes presentó problemas en el tercio inferior. Los problemas más frecuentes fueron desviación del tabique nasal (problema endonasal) (56%), punta hiporotada (47%), desviación del dorso óseo (34%) y desviación del dorso cartilaginoso (30%). Las rinoplastías de revisión, comparadas con las secundarias, presentan un porcentaje mayor de problemas de insuficiente resección del dorso óseo y menos dorsos cartilaginosos estrechos. Conclusión: Existen diferentes razones por las que un paciente busca una rinoplastía secundaria. Es importante conocer las causas más frecuentes con el fin de identificar los errores cometidos en el primer caso y evitar dichas prácticas. Es preferible una cirugía primaria conservadora porque evita problemas difíciles de resolver. Esta clasificación nos ayuda a sistematizar el análisis preoperatorio, a saber, dónde estamos teniendo problemas y así corregirlos y obtener mejores resultados quirúrgicos.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Secondary rhinoplasty is becoming increasingly common due to the growing popularity of cosmetic surgery and also by higher expectations of the patient and the surgeon. Secondary rhinoplasty has become an evolving field with unique challenges. To repair the surgeon must properly analyze and understand the specific concerns of the patient and the anatomical causes of why you need a new operation. Aim: To identify anatomical problems most frequently found in 277 secondary and systematize rhinoplasty for better preoperative evaluation and surgical planning. Material and method: Retrospective analysis of 1160 rhinoplasty operated by otolaryngologist Dr. Luis Villarroel between January 1006 and March 31, 2015, of which 277 are secondary rhinoplasty (24%). In this study we found 1197 problems or deformities (average 4.3), They were classified into upper, middle, bottom third ,and endonasal, with an individual deformities subdivision within each group. The results are compared if the primary surgery was another surgeon (secondary rhinoplasty of others) or by the same author (revision rhinoplasty). Results: 85% of patients had problems in the lower third. The most common individual problems identificated were deviated septum (56%), drop tip (47%), bone dorsum deviation (34%), and cartilaginous dorsum desviation (30%). The author presents a higher percentage of insufficient bone resection and less cartilaginous dorsum narrow. Conclusion: There are different reasons why a patient seeks a secondary rhinoplasty. It is important to know the most frequent causes in order to identify the mistakes made in the first instance and avoid them. It's preferable one conservative primary surgery because it avoids difficult problems. This classification helps us to systematize the preoperative analysis and better results.

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Revestimiento interno en reconstrucción nasal: Estudio anatómico cadavérico

RESUMEN Introducción: Ante la presencia de un defecto anatómico nasal, se hace necesario considerar alternativas para restituir una correcta función y estética nasal. La estructura osteocartilaginosa nasal debe contar con un soporte o revestimiento interno que aporte una vascularización necesaria. Existen diversas técnicas de colgajos intranasales para lograr reconstituir el revestimiento interno nasal. Objetivos: Describir la técnica quirúrgica de los principales colgajos de revestimiento interno en reconstrucción nasal y su aplicación en modelos ex vivo. Material y método: Se realizó la disección de 7 especímenes de donante cadáver. Se efectuó una resección amplia nasal simulando una pérdida de tejido de las 3 capas de la anatomía nasal para su posterior reconstrucción. Resultados: Se logró replicar las distintas alternativas de técnicas de colgajos intranasales descritas para reconstrucción nasal. Conclusión: El revestimiento interno es de suma importancia en la reconstrucción nasal. Esta es una primera fase en el desarrollo y aprendizaje de la reconstrucción nasal.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: In the presence of a nasal anatomical defect, it is necessary to consider alternatives to restore a correct function and esthetic nasal result. The nasal osteocartilaginous structure must have an internal support or lining that provides a necessary vascularization. There are various techniques of intranasal flaps to achieve reconstitution of the nasal internal lining. Aim: To describe the surgical technique of the main internal lining flaps in nasal reconstruction and its application in ex vivo models. Material and method: We dissected 7 cadaver donor specimens. A broad nasal resection was performed simulating a loss of tissue from the three layers of the nasal anatomy for subsequent reconstruction. Results: It was possible to replicate the different alternatives of intranasal flap techniques described for nasal reconstruction. Conclusion: The inner lining is of paramount importance in nasal reconstruction. This is a first phase in the development and learning of nasal reconstruction.

http://ift.tt/2mQe4yh

Manejo endoscópico de anomalías del cuarto arco branquial: Reporte de tres casos

RESUMEN Las anomalías de cuarto arco branquial corresponden a una entidad patológica infrecuente. Para su manejo existen distintas alternativas terapéuticas siendo una de ellas la cauterización endoscópica. Reportamos 3 casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica en el Hospital Regional de Concepción luego de una revisión de fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de anomalías de cuarto arco branquial. Se identificaron tres casos de senos de cuarto arco branquial. Todos corresponden a pacientes de sexo masculino que presentaron cuadro de absceso cervical, diagnosticándose 2 de ellos al presentar recurrencia. Todos fueron tratados mediante cauterización endoscópica de la apertura fistulosa en seno piriforme. Estas anomalías representan vestigios de un trayecto que se origina desde el vértice del seno piriforme. La cauterización endoscópica presenta una serie de ventajas con tasas de recurrencia similares a la cirugía abierta de cuello, menores tasas de complicaciones y costo económico. Las anomalias de cuarto arco branquial constituyen una patología infrecuente y el diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha clínica. El manejo endoscópico ha demostrado ser una alternativa segura y efectiva con menor tasa de complicaciones.

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ABSTRACT Anomalies of the fourth branchial arch correspond to an uncommon pathological entity. There are different therapeutic alternatives being one of them the endoscopic cauterization. We report 3 cases of fourth branchial arch anomalies treated by endoscopic cauterization in the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Review of clinical records of all patients with diagnosis of fourth branchial anomalies operated by endoscopic cauterization at the Regional Hospital of Concepción. Cases: Three cases of fourth branchial arch sinus were identified. All of them were male patients who presented with a cervical abscess, diagnosing 2 of them when they recurred. All 3 cases were treated by endoscopic cauterization of the fistulous opening in the piriform sinus. These anomalies represent vestiges of a path that originates from the apex of the piriform sinus. Endoscopic cauterization presents a number of advantages with recurrence rates similar to open neck surgery, with lower complication rates and economic cost. Fourth branchial anomalies constitute an uncommon pathology and the diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion. Endoscopic management has proven to be a safe and effective alternative with a lower rate of complications.

http://ift.tt/2BbZxBn

Manejo endoscópico de osteoma etmoidal con extensión orbitaria: A propósito de un caso

RESUMEN El osteoma es el tumor más frecuente de los senos paranasales, habitualmente asintomático debido a su lento crecimiento, sin embargo, pueden desarrollarse síntomas dependiendo del tamaño, localización y extensión, con potencial compromiso de órbita y cerebro. La cirugía está indicada en casos sintomáticos pudiendo realizarse abordaje externo, endoscópico o combinado. Presentamos un caso de osteoma etmoidal con compromiso orbitario resuelto, manejado por medio de la cirugía endoscópica nasal, con apoyo de navegación.

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ABSTRACT The osteoma is the most common tumor of the paranasal sinuses, is usually asymptomatic because of their slow growth, however, may develop symptoms depending on the size, location and extent, with potential compromise of orbit and brain. Surgery is indicated in symptomatic cases, with external, endoscopic or combined approach. We present a case of ethmoidal osteoma with orbital involvement managed by endoscopic image guided surgery.

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Paroxismia vestibular: Reporte de un caso

RESUMEN Presentamos el caso de un paciente joven quien presenta 4 a 5 crisis diarias de vértigo espontáneo de segundos de duración, todos o casi todos los días desde hace 9 meses. Estas crisis no tienen gatillo posicional, y hay completa ausencia de sintomatologia entre crisis. Como discutimos en el artículo, este cuadro coíncide con los recientemente publicados criterios para una paroxismia vestibular, entidad supuestamente secundaria a la compresión neurovascular del nervio vestibular. El paciente respondió de forma inmediata y completa a carbamazepina a dosis bajas, el tratamiento de elección en la paroxismia vestibular.

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ABSTRACT We present the case of a young patient, with a 9-month long history of 4 to 5 daily spells of spontaneous vertigo, each lasting only seconds. There is no positional trigger, and there is a complete lack of symptoms between attacks. As is discussed in the article, this matches the recently published criteria for Vestibular Paroxysmia, an entity allegedly secondary to neurovascular compression of the vestibular nerve. The patient responded immediately and completely to carbamazepine at low dosage, the preferred treatment for vestibular paroxysmia.

http://ift.tt/2Bao7mj

Carcinoma parotídeo epitelial-mioepitelial: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

RESUMEN Se presenta caso de paciente de sexo femenino de 53 años de edad con tumor parotídeo izquierdo de larvada evolución, con crecimiento progresivo y otalgia ipsilateral en los últimos meses, estudiado previamente con tomografía de cuello con contraste y resonancia magnética que destacan masa del lóbulo profundo de la parótida de características imagenológicas benignas. Se realizó parotidectomía del lóbulo profundo con resección tumoral preservando el nervio facial casi en su totalidad con excepción de rama marginal, la biopsia de la pieza quirúrgica fue informada como carcinoma epitelialmioepitelial de bajo grado, un tumor infrecuente de las glándulas salivales. Se decidió completar la parotidectomía superficial y realizar vaciamiento ganglionar selectivo lateral ipsilateral, complementando el tratamiento con radioterapia. Además se presenta una revisión de la literatura correspondiente.

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ABSTRACT We present a case of a 53 years old female patient with a left parotid tumor, with slow evolution, progressive growth and ipsilateral otalgia during later months. She was previously studied by tomography of the neck with contrast and magnetic resonance, which showed the mass of the deep lobe to have benign imaging characteristics. A parotidectomy of deep lobe was performed, with tumoral resection, preserving the facial nerve with the exception of the marginal branch. The biopsy was informed as epithelial-myoephitelial carcinoma, a rare salivary gland tumor. We completed the parotidectomy with neck dissection and Radiotherapy complementary was made. Besides we presented a literature review.

http://ift.tt/2mPKau8

Carcinosarcoma de laringe: Reporte de dos casos

RESUMEN El carcinosarcoma de laringe es un tumor bifásico raro que representa menos del 1% de todos los tumores malignos de laringe. Debido a su doble naturaleza epitelial y mesenquimal esta neoplasia ha sido denominada de distintas maneras en la literatura, siendo indispensable el estudio mediante inmunohistoquímica para establecer un diagnóstico correcto. Se presentan 2 casos de carcinosarcoma de laringe, confirmados mediante estudio con inmunohistoquímica, ambos tratados mediante laringectomía total. Se elabora una discusión de los principales aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos y terapéuticos de esta infrecuente neoplasia.

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ABSTRACT The larynx carcinosarcoma is a rare biphasic tumor that represents less than 1% of all malignant tumors of the larynx. Because of its biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal nature this neoplasm has been called in different ways in the literature being indispensable the study by immunohistochemistry to establish a proper diagnosis. We present 2 cases of larynx carcinosarcoma confirmed by immunohistochemical study, both treated with total laryngectomy. A discussion of the main clinical, histopathological and therapeutic aspects of this rare neoplasm is made.

http://ift.tt/2BalDnN

Enfisema subcutáneo masivo, nemotórax a tensión y neumomediastino tras traqueotomía percutánea

RESUMEN Mujer de 68 años que ingresa en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por shock séptico. En el posoperatorio la paciente se mantiene inestable y se decide realizar traqueotomía percutánea (TP) por intubación prolongada. Al inicio la paciente presenta un enfisema subcutáneo que progresa hasta convertirse en masivo. Se realiza TC torácico donde se observa pérdida de la morfología habitual de la pared posterior traqueal con solución de continuidad. Tras revisión mediante traqueobroncoscopía se decide colocar cánula de traqueotomía larga para dejar la lesión proximal al neumotaponamiento y así evitar la fuga de aire. Desde la colocación de la nueva cánula, la paciente presenta una disminución progresiva del enfisema hasta su total resolución. La TP es un procedimiento seguro que se realiza con mucha frecuencia en los servicios de medicina intensiva, sin embargo, no está exenta de complicaciones. En la revisión de Powell y cols describen las complicaciones de la TP destacando la inserción peritraqueal, la hemorragia, las infecciones de la herida, el neumotórax y la muerte. El rango de complicaciones en la literatura oscila entre 3% y 18%. Además, no se encuentran diferencias significativas respecto a las complicaciones entre la TP y la técnica abierta.

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ABSTRACT A 68-year-old woman who enter in intensive care unit due to septic shock. In the postoperative period, the patient remained unstable and decided to perform a percutaneous tracheotomy (PT) because prolonged intubation. In the first, the patient presents subcutaneous emphysema that progresses until becoming massive. Thoracic CT is performed where loss of the usual morphology of the posterior tracheal wall with continuity solution is observed. After revision by means of tracheobroncoscopia, it is decided to place a long tracheotomy cannula to leave the lesion proximal to pneumotaponamiento and thus avoid air leakage. From the placement of the new cannula, the patient presents a progressive decrease of the emphysema until its total resolution. PD is a safe procedure that is performed very frequently in the Intensive Care Services3, however, it is not without its complications. The review of Powell et al4 describes the complications of PT emphasizing peritracheal insertion, hemorrhage, wound infections, pneumothorax, and death. The range of complications in the literature ranges from 3 to 18% 5. In addition, no significant differences were found regarding the complications between the TP and the open technique.

http://ift.tt/2mRtCSF

Tuberculosis como causa de adenopatías cervicales

RESUMEN La tuberculosis (TBC) es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa de distribución mundial causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, y otras micobacterias atípicas. La afectación ganglionar es tardía y sus manifestaciones clínicas asociadas suelen ser inespecíficas, por eso, el diagnóstico de tuberculosis ganglionar a menudo se retrasa y es un hallazgo inesperado en numerosas ocasiones. Este artículo pretende realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la tuberculosis ganglionar y hacer hincapié en que la TBC ha de ser tenida en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial en las masas cervicales, que muchas veces se presentan con escasa sintomatología acompañante. En este artículo presentamos dos casos de TBC ganglionar diagnosticados en nuestro servicio en los últimos meses, ambos casos se manifestaron exclusivamente como masa cervical de crecimiento lento, sin síntomas pulmonares acompañante y fueron diagnosticados de TBC tras el estudio anatomopatológico resultante de la exéresis quirúrgica de la lesión.

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ABSTRACT The tuberculosis (TB) is an infect-contagious worldwide distribution disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and other atypical Mycobacteria. Lymph node involvement is late, and its associated clinical manifestations are usually unspecifics, therefore the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymph node is often delayed and is an unexpected finding in numerous occasions. This article aims to carry out a literature review of lymph node tuberculosis and to emphasize that TB must be taken into account as differential diagnosis in cervical masses, which often occur with few associated symptoms. In this article we present two cases of lymph node TB diagnosed in our department in last months, both cases presented exclusively as cervical mass of slow growth, without any accompanying pulmonary symptoms and were diagnosed as TB after the surgical removal of the lesion and its histopathological study.

http://ift.tt/2Bbz86E

Revisión sobre los conocimientos actuales de dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior

RESUMEN La dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior es una patología rara y con baja incidencia, por ello hemos realizado una revisión de los conocimientos actuales de esta entidad. Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica desde 1998 hasta diciembre de 2016 de toda la literatura publicada sobre la misma en las bases de datos Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and the Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Scopus, Consortium, Medline, PsycINFO y Scielo. Se han encontrado y revisado 53 trabajos relacionados con el tema. La dehiscencia del canal semicircular posterior presenta una prevalencia variable; 0,3%-4,5% en adultos y 1,2%-20% en niños. Su localización puede ser hacia el golfo de la yugular o fosa cerebral posterior. Los pacientes pueden ser asintomáticos o presentar clínica auditiva y/o vestibular. La tomografía computarizada y la prueba de potenciales vestibulares miogénicos evocados permiten establecer el diagnóstico de certeza. En el tratamiento quirúrgico la vía de abordaje de elección es la transmastoidea y las técnicas del cierre del canal son el "plugging" y el "resurfacing".

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ABSTRACT The posterior semicircular canal dehiscence is a rare pathology and it has a low incidence. We have realized a review about the current knowledge of this entity. We have performed a bibliographic research from 1998 to 2016 December about the literature published in this subject, in the data basis Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and the Embase, Health Management Information Consortium, Scopus, Consortium, Medline, PsycINFO y Scielo. I thas been found and reviewed 53 papers about the topic. The posterior semicircular canal dehiscence has a variable prevalence: 0,3%-4-5% in adults and 1,2%-20% in children. The location can be in the jugular bulb or in the posterior brain fossa. Some patients can be asymptomatic, whereas others can have auditory and/or vestibular signs and symptoms. Computed tomography and test of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials allow the diagnosis of certainty. In the surgical treatment the approach of choice is transmastoid and techniques to close the canal are plugging and resurfacing.

http://ift.tt/2mOf5Hc

Hipertrofia de amígdala lingual y apnea obstructiva del sueño en población pediátrica: Una asociación a considerar

RESUMEN Las amígdalas linguales (AL) forman parte del Anillo de Waldeyer (AW). La hipertrofia de amígdala lingual (HAL) se debe habitualmente a hiperplasia, generalmente asintomática. Su etiología no está precisada, pero se reconoce como causa de Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS) residual, posterior a adenoamigdalectomía (AA). Su identificación en el examen físico es dificultosa, por lo que resulta relevante la sospecha, junto con una nasofibroscopía. Según condiciones y sintomatología del paciente se puede complementar el estudio con otras técnicas diagnósticas, como polisomnograma (PSG) y resonancia magnética (RM). La cirugía es exitosa para el tratamiento de estos casos. Dentro de las complicaciones descritas para este procedimiento destacan: hemorragia, obstrucción de la vía área, dificultad en la intubación orotraqueal y dolor en el posoperatorio. Actualmente no existe una técnica quirúrgica de elección. Debido a la morbilidad asociada a AOS resulta fundamental el diagnóstico de esta patología, ya que es susceptible de tratamiento.

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ABSTRACT Lingual tonsils are part of Waldeyer`s Ring. The hypertrophy of the lingual tonsils is generally due to hiperplasia, without symptoms. The etiology is not clear, but it is a known cause of residual Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), after adenotonsilectomy. Their identification during the physical exam results dificult, so the suspicious and the nasofibroscopy are relevant. Acording to the particular patient it is posible realize additional exams, like polisomnography and magnetic nuclear resonance. Surgery is succesful for this cases. The complications include: bleeding, airway obstruction, anestesia dificulties and pain. Currently there is not a particular techniqe of choice. OSA is associated to morbidity, therefore it is fundamental to diagnose this pathology, because it is posible to treat it through surgery.

http://ift.tt/2BbrMjH

Crisis otolítica de Tumarkin. Revisión de la literatura

RESUMEN Las crisis de Tumarkin consisten en caídas bruscas al suelo sin pródromos previos ni pérdida de conciencia y de segundos de duración que pueden ocurrir con frecuencia relativa en pacientes con enfermedad de Ménière. Si bien pueden presentarse de manera aislada durante la evolución de la enfermedad, existen casos con crisis recurrentes que comprometen significativamente la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Se postula que las crisis se producen por una alteración de la función del órgano otolítico, específicamente del sáculo. El tratamiento puede ser desde el manejo expectante hasta el uso de laberintectomía química o quirúrgica.

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ABSTRACT Tumarkin´s otolithic crisis is a sudden fall that comes with no loss of consciousness, and without warning or prodrome. It has a short duration and can occur with relative frequency in patients with Meniere disease. When it is present, it significantly compromises life quality of patients. There is no certainty about its mechanism, but it is assumed that the crises are caused by an otolithic organ disfunction, specifically a collapse of the saccule. Treatment can range from observation to chemical or surgical labyrinthectomy.

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Prueba de patrones de frecuencia y patrones de duración: Evaluación del ordenamiento auditivo temporal

RESUMEN Los aspectos temporales de la audición se consideran unos de los mecanismos claves del procesamiento auditivo, ya que resultarían críticos para el adecuado funcionamiento del resto de los procesos auditivos centrales. El ordenamiento auditivo temporal es una de las cuatro habilidades de los aspectos temporales de la audición y se refiere al procesamiento de dos o más estímulos auditivos según su orden de aparición u ocurrencia en el dominio temporal. Ha sido uno de los procesos más ampliamente estudiados debido a sus implicancias en el resto de las habilidades auditivas, así como también en numerosas actividades de la vida diaria, incluyendo la percepción y la discriminación de los sonidos del habla. Históricamente se han utilizado dos pruebas para evaluarlo: la prueba de patrones de frecuencia y la prueba de patrones de duración. Ambas pruebas cuentan con buena sensibilidad y especificidad para detectar lesiones del sistema nervioso auditivo central, incluyendo el hemisferio derecho, izquierdo y cuerpo calloso. En la actualidad, ambas pruebas son utilizadas con frecuencia debido a su eficiencia, su facilidad para ser administrada y la disponibilidad de valores normativos para un amplio rango de población. Se recomienda ampliamente su utilización en la práctica clínica considerando la obtención de valores normativos locales.

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ABSTRACT The temporal aspects of audition are considered one of the key mechanisms of auditory processing, as they would be critical for the proper functioning of the rest of the central auditory processes. The auditory temporal ordering is referred to one of the four skills of the temporal aspects of audition and refers to the processing of two or more auditory stimuli in their order of appearance or occurrence in the time domain. It has been one of the most widely studied processes due to its implications for the rest of listening skills, as well as in numerous activities of daily life, including perception and discrimination of speech sounds. Historically, two test has been used to evaluate: the frequency pattern and duration pattern tests. Both tests have good sensitivity and specificity to detect lesions at the central auditory nervous system, such as right and left hemisphere and corpus callosum dysfunctions. Currently, both tests are commonly used clinically due to its efficiency, ease of administration and the availability of normative data in wide range of population. Their use is strongly recommended in clinical practice considering obtaining local normative values.

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Diagnóstico en la patología del olfato: Revisión de la literatura

RESUMEN La patología del olfato es una afección común en la población, principalmente en adultos mayores, que puede alterar de manera significativa la calidad de vida del paciente, pudiendo ser la manifestación inicial de enfermedades neurológicas como la enfermedad de Parkinson. A pesar de su relevancia, el sentido del olfato continúa siendo poco estudiado en clínica, no obstante la existencia de métodos simples validados para su evaluación. En este articulo realizamos una revisión y análisis de la literatura actual sobre el estudio clínico del olfato, con el objetivo de establecer las herramientas diagnósticas disponibles en la práctica clínica para su estudio.

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ABSTRACT Olfactory diseases are common to find in the population, mainly in older people, and it can affect significantly life quality. It can also be the first manifestation of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson disease. Despite its relevance, the sense of smell is still not studied although there are simple and validated methods available in the clinical practice. In this article, we make a review and analysis of the actual literature related to smell studies, so that we can establish available diagnosis tools in the clinical practice.

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Inhibition of bone resorption by bisphosphonates interferes with orthodontically induced midpalatal suture expansion in mice

Abstract

Objectives

Craniofacial sutures are important growth sites for skull development and are sensitive to mechanical stress. In order to determine the role of bone resorption in stress-mediated sutural bone growth, midpalatal suture expansion was performed in mice receiving alendronate, an anti-resorptive bisphosphonate.

Materials and methods

The midpalatal sutures of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were expanded by orthodontic wires over the period of 2 weeks. Mice with maxillary expansion without drug treatment as well as untreated animals served as controls. Skulls were analyzed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), immunohistochemistry and histology.

Results

Maxillary expansion in mice without drug treatment resulted in an increase of TRAP-positive osteoclasts. In contrast, no increase in osteoclasts was observed in expanded sutures of mice with bisphosphonate treatment. Double calcein labeling demonstrated rapid bone formation on the oral edges of the expanded sutures in mice without bisphosphonate treatment. Less bone formation was observed in bisphosphonate-treated mice after expansion. Histology revealed that the sutural architecture was reestablished in expanded sutures of mice without bisphosphonate treatment. In contrast, the sutural architecture was disorganized and the cartilage had an irregular form, following expansion in bisphosphonate-treated mice. Finally, micro-CT imaging demonstrated that the total amount of maxillary expansion was significantly lower in mice with bisphosphonate treatment as compared to those of mice without drug treatment.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our results indicate that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption is needed for maxillary suture expansion and reorganization of sutural architecture.

Clinical significance

Orthodontic palatal expansion can be complicated in patients with inherited or drug-induced diseases of osteoclast dysfunction.

http://ift.tt/2FMDB3p

Comparison of two observational methods, scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopies, in the adhesive interface analysis of endodontic sealers to root dentine

Abstract

Objectives

To compare the accuracy of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the analysis of the adhesive interface integrity and intratubular penetration of root canal sealers to radicular dentine.

Materials and methods

Twenty roots of human maxillary incisors were prepared and distributed into two groups (n = 10), followed by filling with gutta-percha and Endofill (G1) or AH Plus (G2). After 7 days, roots were sectioned and analyzed under CLSM and SEM. Score systems were used to evaluate the adhesive interface integrity (0–4) and sealer intratubular penetration (0–3). Data were submitted to Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kendall correlation statistical tests (α = 5%).

Results

In the adhesive interface analysis, CLSM was similar (P = 0.157) to SEM for Endofill; however, the results were different for AH Plus (P = 0.029). Intratubular penetration had significant difference between observational methods for both sealers (P < 0.0001). Correlation analysis between SEM and CLSM for adhesive interface was moderate for Endofill and low for AH Plus. Intratubular penetration was low for both sealers.

Conclusion

SEM and CLSM analysis had similar results when sealers were compared, with a more homogeneous adhesive interface, and greater intratubular penetration for AH Plus. Comparison between observational methods demonstrated low positive correlation for adhesive interface and intratubular penetration analysis.

Clinical relevance

A proper interface formed between sealer and dentine is very important for final quality of root canal filling. Observational methods which allow an accurate analysis of this interface must be selected to assess such features.

http://ift.tt/2mKON86

Salivary biomarkers for oral cancer and pre-cancer screening: a review

Abstract

Objective

The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature assessing potential salivary biomarkers of oral cancer and pre-cancer and discuss emerging issues and challenges in relation to oral cancer and pre-cancer diagnostics.

Materials and methods

Search for articles involved the Medline, PubMed, and EMBASE. Specific terms were used from January 1995 to March 2017 by three experts.

Results

This search collected 270 articles, of which 105 articles such as reviews, case reports, news, letter to editor, etc. in first round and 117 articles such as publications in other languages than English, non-human studies, etc. were excluded. The remaining 48 articles considered analyzing whole saliva as well as specific gland saliva. Thirty-one studies considered oral stimuli such as eating, drinking, and oral hygiene practices for varied periods of time prior to sample collection. The time of collection of saliva was morning in most studies, but the exact time of collection was not mentioned. Three studies showed to have evaluated the whole saliva without centrifugation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry were the most commonly used methods. Most of the potential salivary biomarkers of oral cancer are salivary proteins.

Conclusion

Combination approach of salivary biomarkers could be used as screening tool to improve early detection and diagnostic precision of oral pre-cancer and cancer.

Clinical relevance

The current findings are of importance for clinicians and researchers to mitigate the challenges in salivary-based diagnosis of oral cancer and to evaluate reliable, specific, and sensitive salivary biomarkers for oral pre-cancer and cancer diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2DmFy9i

Takayasu arteritis a cause of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy: a case report

Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic, granulomatous systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and a few cases have been reported in pregnancy. In pregnancies concomitant with Takayasu arteritis or after diagnos...

http://ift.tt/2DlNtn2

Hyperhomocysteinemia in bilateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after conventional coronary artery bypass graft: a case report

The incidence of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after coronary artery bypass graft procedures ranges from 1.3 to 0.25%. The mechanisms of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiovascular procedures ...

http://ift.tt/2Bbw6iQ

Yoga Face-toning Might Compete With Fillers and Facelifts

To his toolbox of Botox, fillers and plastic surgery, cosmetic dermatologist Dr. Murad Alam has added a new, low-cost, noninvasive anti-aging treatment: facial yoga.
Reuters Health Information

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Bosentan for Cutaneous Ulcers in Anti-MDA5 Dermatomyositis

This case report describes the use of bosentan for treatment of cutaneous ulcers in a patient with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis.

http://ift.tt/2mG5jGp

Nonhealing Crusted Scalp Lesions in a 4-Year-Old Boy

A 4-year-old boy presented with a 3-year history of nonhealing scalp lesions; physical examination revealed multiple disseminated erythematous papules, petechial hemorrhages, and yellowish crusts. What is your diagnosis?

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Variable Response to Naltrexone in Patients With Hailey-Hailey Disease

This case series presents 3 cases of patients with Hailey-Hailey disease demonstrating varying responses to naltrexone.

http://ift.tt/2mHSif9

Generalized Lichen Nitidus Following Anti–PD-1 Antibody Treatment

This case report describes the occurrence of generalized lichen nitidus following anti–PD-1 antibody treatment.

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Skin Microbiome and Gene Mutations in Adult Atopic Dermatitis

This case-control study examines skin and nasal microbiome diversity and composition in patients with atopic dermatitis.

http://ift.tt/2mIhjH8

Periorbital Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin

Background: Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis with cutaneous manifestations, most commonly of the periorbital skin, and is often associated with hematologic disorders such as monoclonal gammopathy. Treatment of NXG is notoriously difficult, and fraught with recurrence and progression. Case Presentation: The authors describe a case of NXG with periorbital involvement in a patient with a complex autoimmune and hematologic medical history. The biopsy of this rare lesion prompted subsequent evaluation for an underlying disorder, which led to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Her NXG lesions demonstrated remarkable clinical improvement after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Conclusions: This case demonstrates the ophthalmologist's critical role in the diagnosis and management of NXG, as early detection cannot only prevent ophthalmic consequences such as ocular perforation and blindness, but also prompt further investigation that may reveal an underlying disorder or systemic involvement, including hematologic malignancy as in this case. NXG has been effectively treated with IVIG in a handful of reported cases. To the author's knowledge, this is the third case of periorbital NXG successfully treated with IVIG, and the first in the ophthalmic literature.
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018;9:70–75

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Tamoxifen Use in a Patient with Idiopathic Macular Telangiectasia Type 2

Crystalline deposits and neurosensory retinal cavitary changes can develop in both tamoxifen retinopathy and nonproliferative idiopathic macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2). MacTel2 is typically differentiated from tamoxifen retinopathy based on the presence of late leakage and mid-phase telangiectatic vessels on fluorescein angiography (FA) and the presence of hyperautofluorescence. Unlike MacTel2, tamoxifen retinopathy is known to be a progressive disease and the cessation of tamoxifen results in resolution of retinopathy. We report a unique case of nonproliferative MacTel2 in a 36-year-old Hispanic woman with tamoxifen use and the vision outcome 30 months after cessation of tamoxifen. The FA and optical coherence tomography angiography findings of this patient support the diagnosis of MacTel2, but her cessation of tamoxifen led to partial reversal of the topographic findings and improvement in visual acuity. This patient is also unique in the unusually young age of presentation for MacTel2. Our case supports that there are common pathways in the pathogenesis of tamoxifen retinopathy and MacTel2, and tamoxifen use could potentially accelerate foveal atrophy in patients with MacTel2.
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018;9:54–60

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Repair of Traumatic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Combined with Congenital Falciform Retinal Detachment

Purpose: To report a case of surgical repair of traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with congenital falciform retinal detachment (FRD). Methods: A retrospective case report. Results: A 36-year-old man with traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating a previously known FRD was successfully treated despite residual FRD following pars plana lensectomy, vitrectomy, and encircling scleral buckling. His best corrected visual acuity improved from hand motion at 50 cm to 20/1,000. Conclusion: We concluded that the root of the FRD is susceptible to trauma because of the contraction of fibrovascular tissue. The early intervention of modern vitrectomy to traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating a previously known FRD is an important consideration for enhanced quality of care and optimal patient outcomes.
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018;9:49–53

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Two Cases of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Associated with Asteroid Hyalosis

Background: To report two cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with asteroid hyalosis (AH). Case Presentation: Two patients presented with RRD originating from a flap tear. Case 1 involved a 62-year-old male who was found to have bullous RRD in his left eye originating from a flap tear. During vitreous surgery, a thick vitreous cortex was found to have strongly adhered to the entire retinal surface, from the center to the periphery. A bimanual method was then used in conjunction with the vitrectomy to create an artificial posterior vitreous detachment. After surgery, the retina was successfully reattached, and his corrected visual acuity (VA) improved. Case 2 involved a 70-year-old male who was found to have localized RRD in his left eye originating from a flap tear. During vitreous surgery, a thick vitreous cortex was found to have strongly adhered to the entire retinal surface. After surgery, the retina was successfully reattached, and his corrected VA improved. Conclusions: RRD associated with AH presents with stronger vitreoretinal adhesion compared to typical RRD, thus requiring a more complicated surgical technique to properly treat the patient.
Case Rep Ophthalmol 2018;9:43–48

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Beta-Blockers May Enhance Immunotherapy for Melanoma

A chart review study suggests that pan-beta-blockers, such as propranolol, may improve outcomes in metastatic melanoma.
Medscape Medical News

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Eric Topol's Top 10 Tech Advances Shaping Medicine

Dr Eric Topol identifies the latest tech advances in medicine that set the stage for the coming year.
Medscape

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Safety and efficacy of immunotherapy with the recombinant B-cell epitope–based grass pollen vaccine BM32

Publication date: Available online 17 January 2018
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Verena Niederberger, Angela Neubauer, Philippe Gevaert, Mihaela Zidarn, Margitta Worm, Werner Aberer, Hans Jørgen Malling, Oliver Pfaar, Ludger Klimek, Wolfgang Pfützner, Johannes Ring, Ulf Darsow, Natalija Novak, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Julia Eckl-Dorna, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Milena Weber, Hans-Helge Müller, Joachim Klinger, Frank Stolz, Nora Breit, Rainer Henning, Rudolf Valenta
BackgroundBM32 is a grass pollen allergy vaccine based on recombinant fusion proteins consisting of nonallergenic peptides from the IgE-binding sites of the 4 major grass pollen allergens and the hepatitis B preS protein.ObjectiveWe sought to study the safety and clinical efficacy of immunotherapy (allergen immunotherapy) with BM32 in patients with grass pollen–induced rhinitis and controlled asthma.MethodsA double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter allergen immunotherapy field study was conducted for 2 grass pollen seasons. After a baseline season, subjects (n = 181) were randomized and received 3 preseasonal injections of either placebo (n = 58) or a low dose (80 μg, n = 60) or high dose (160 μg, n = 63) of BM32 in year 1, respectively, followed by a booster injection in autumn. In the second year, all actively treated subjects received 3 preseasonal injections of the BM32 low dose, and placebo-treated subjects continued with placebo. Clinical efficacy was assessed by using combined symptom medication scores, visual analog scales, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaires, and asthma symptom scores. Adverse events were graded according to the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergen-specific antibodies were determined by using ELISA, ImmunoCAP, and ImmunoCAP ISAC.ResultsAlthough statistical significance regarding the primary end point was not reached, BM32-treated subjects, when compared with placebo-treated subjects, showed an improvement regarding symptom medication, visual analog scale, Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire, and asthma symptom scores in both treatment years. This was accompanied by an induction of allergen-specific IgG without induction of allergen-specific IgE and a reduction in the seasonally induced increase in allergen-specific IgE levels in year 2. In the first year, more grade 2 reactions were observed in the active (n = 6) versus placebo (n = 1) groups, whereas there was almost no difference in the second year.ConclusionsInjections of BM32 induced allergen-specific IgG, improved clinical symptoms of seasonal grass pollen allergy, and were well tolerated.



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Resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures. The following techniques were evaluated: fixation with one 4-hole single straight plate; fixation with one 2-mm 4-hole system plate and one 1.5-mm 3-hole system plate; fixation with two 2-mm plates with a 3-hole anterior plate; and fixation with two 2-mm plates with four holes each.

Study design

Each fixation technique was subjected to a resistance test. The load values were measured when displacement of 1, 2, and 5 mm was reached. Load values were compared for statistically significant differences using analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.5) and Tukey's test.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed, when the load was applied to the first molar on the side of the fracture. The group treated with a 4-hole, 2-mm, one plate system showed resistance to lower load values than the groups treated with two plates in any combination.

Conclusions

When the fracture was fixed using two plates, regardless of the kind of plates used, no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed. However, two plate systems showed better resistance than one plate systems.

http://ift.tt/2DlZWY9

Resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of four fixation techniques used to treat subcondylar fractures. The following techniques were evaluated: fixation with one 4-hole single straight plate; fixation with one 2-mm 4-hole system plate and one 1.5-mm 3-hole system plate; fixation with two 2-mm plates with a 3-hole anterior plate; and fixation with two 2-mm plates with four holes each.

Study design

Each fixation technique was subjected to a resistance test. The load values were measured when displacement of 1, 2, and 5 mm was reached. Load values were compared for statistically significant differences using analysis of variance (ANOVA; p < 0.5) and Tukey's test.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed, when the load was applied to the first molar on the side of the fracture. The group treated with a 4-hole, 2-mm, one plate system showed resistance to lower load values than the groups treated with two plates in any combination.

Conclusions

When the fracture was fixed using two plates, regardless of the kind of plates used, no statistically significant difference between the groups was observed. However, two plate systems showed better resistance than one plate systems.

http://ift.tt/2DlZWY9

Nasal ventilation is an important factor in evaluating the diagnostic value of nasal nitric oxide in allergic rhinitis

Background

The role of nasal nitric oxide (NO) in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR) is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify factors that may affect levels of nasal NO in AR patients and evaluate the role of nasal NO in the diagnosis of AR.

Methods

Seventy-five AR patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. AR symptom scores were assessed using the visual analog scale. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay, nasal NO was measured using a chemiluminescence analyzer, and nasal airway resistance (NAR) was assessed by active anterior rhinomanometry.

Results

Nasal obstruction score, ECP, and NAR were found to be independently associated with nasal NO. Nasal NO level in patients with nasal obstruction score <7 (mild-to-moderate obstruction) was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects (282.1 ± 122.6 vs 150.7 ± 48.4 ppb; p < 0.001), and significantly decreased in patients with nasal obstruction score ≥7 (severe obstruction) (97.2 ± 52.2 vs 150.7 ± 48.4 ppb; p < 0.001). Nasal NO and ECP in secretion were positively correlated in patients with mild-to-moderate nasal obstruction (r = 0.678), but not in patients with severe nasal obstruction (r = 0.077). In patients with NAR <0.65 Pa/cm³/s, the correlation coefficient was highest between NO and ECP (r = 0.685). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for nasal NO level were 0.878 and 0.939 in patients with nasal obstruction scores <7 and NAR <0.65 Pa/cm³/s, respectively.

Conclusion

Nasal patency affects nasal NO level significantly, and may reflect the severity of nasal inflammation in AR patients with mild-to-moderate nasal obstruction, but not in patients with severe nasal obstruction.

http://ift.tt/2BaN2WB

Characterization of a novel, papain-inducible murine model of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis

Background

Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate and a local type 2 cytokine milieu. Current animal models fail to recapitulate many of the innate and adaptive immunologic hallmarks of the disease, thus hindering the development of effective therapeutics. In the present study, mice were exposed intranasally to the cysteine protease papain, which shares functional similarities with parasitic proteases and aeroallergens, to generate a rapidly inducible murine model of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis.

Methods

C57BL/6 mice were intranasally instilled with 20 μg papain or heat-inactivated papain (HP) on days 0–2 and days 7–10, and then euthanized on day 11. Nasal lavage fluid (NALF) was analyzed to quantify eosinophils and inflammatory cytokine secretion. Sinonasal tissue was sectioned and stained for goblet cells or homogenized to analyze cytokine levels. Serum samples were assayed for immunoglobulin E (IgE) by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Sinonasal mucosal tissue was dissociated and analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results

Compared with HP treatment, papain induced significant eosinophilia in NALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration, type 2 cytokine production, and IgE responses. Flow cytometric analysis of sinonasal tissues revealed significant inflammatory cell infiltration and interleukin-13–producing cell populations.

Conclusion

In this study, we demonstrated that the cysteine protease papain induces allergic sinonasal eosinophilic rhinosinusitis and resembles T-helper 2 cell inflammation and innate immune characteristics of ECRS. This model permits further study into the molecular mechanisms underlying ECRS pathology and provides a model system for the evaluation of potential pharmacologic interventions.

http://ift.tt/2DivApj

Efficacy and Safety Study of Benralizumab for Patients With Severe Nasal Polyposis

Condition:   Nasal Polyposis
Interventions:   Biological: Benralizumab 30 mg SC + Mometasone Furoate;   Biological: Matching placebo SC + Mometasone Furoate
Sponsor:   AstraZeneca
Not yet recruiting

http://ift.tt/2B9UelS

STEREO-POSTOP 01 (PostOperative Hypofractionated Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy ) - GORTEC 2017-03

Condition:   Head and Neck Neoplasms
Intervention:   Radiation: postoperative hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
Sponsors:   Centre Jean Perrin;   GORTEC (Groupe d'Oncologie Radiothérapie Tête et Cou)
Not yet recruiting

http://ift.tt/2DkRsQX

Carboxytherapy for treatment of localized chronic plaque psoriasis: Clinical and histopathologic evaluation

Summary

Background

Multiple treatment options are introduced in treatment of chronic localized plaque psoriasis but with poor adherence and poor patients' satisfaction resulting in poor treatment outcome.

Objective

In this pilot study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of carboxytherapy in treatment of chronic localized plaque psoriasis.

Methods

Thirty adult patients with chronic localized plaque psoriasis were enrolled in this study. The patients received carboxytherapy injection once/week for 8 weeks. Patients were clinically and histpathologically evaluated 2 weeks after the last treatment. Clinical response was evaluated by investigator's global assessment, total sign score, and 5-point scale for perilesional erythema. We performed 10-point visual analog scale for patient's satisfaction, and side effects. Three months after the last session we evaluate recurrence using 10-point scale.

Results

Carboxytherapy achieved treatment success in 26.6% according to investigator's global assessment and total sign score and 70% of the patients demonstrated absence of perilesional erythema. Patients were satisfied with no reported side effects. Recurrence area was within 1% -10% of the baseline area in 83.3% of the improved patients.

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The level and extent of upper airway obstruction affects the severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux

http://ift.tt/2Di5pPw

Kutane Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankung

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Graft-versus-Host-Erkrankung (GvHD) ist eine komplexe Multiorganerkrankung, die im Rahmen einer allogenen hämatopoetischen Stammzelltransplantation auftreten kann. Die Beteiligung der Haut stellt die häufigste Erscheinungsform der GvHD dar, weshalb dem Dermatologen für Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung eine entscheidende Rolle zukommt.

Ziel

Ein umfassender Überblick über die kutane Form der GvHD sowie rezente Daten über verschiedene Therapieoptionen sowohl für die akute als auch die chronische Form werden präsentiert und dem Kliniker die ausschlaggebenden Fakten zur definitiven Diagnosestellung und Therapieeinleitung vorgestellt.

Material und Methode

Anhand von Expertenempfehlungen werden mögliche klinische Erscheinungen und empfohlene Kriterien zur sicheren Diagnosestellung dargestellt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Die GvHD stellt weiterhin ein komplexes Problem für den Kliniker dar, da das Erscheinungsbild sehr variabel sein kann. Die richtige Diagnosefindung und anschließende Therapie sind ausschlaggebend für den Krankheitsverlauf und die Prognose.

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Masthead

http://ift.tt/2B7q5E5

Table of contents

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Reliability and Validity of iscorEB (Instrument for Scoring Clinical Outcomes of Research for Epidermolysis Bullosa)

Summary

Background

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare and currently incurable genetic blistering disorders. As more pathogenic driven therapies are being developed, the need for EB-specific validated outcomes measures designed for use in clinical trials is becoming important.

Objectives

We previously reported on development of an instrument for scoring clinical outcomes of research for Epidermolysis Bullosa (iscorEB), a new combined clinician and patient reported outcomes tool. We proceeded to test the reliability and construct validity of iscorEB in this study.

Methods

Observational study consisting of independent one-day assessments (6 assessors) at 2 academic hospitals. The assessments consisted of iscorEB clinician (iscorEB-c), Birmingham Epidermolysis Bullosa Severity (BEBS), and global severity assessment for physicians; and iscorEB patient (iscorEB-p), Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QOLEB) and Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for patients. Construct validity and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) for inter-observer, intra-observer, and test-retest reliability were calculated.

Results

Thirty one patients with a mean age of 19.5 years (1.8-45.2) were included. Disease severity was mild in 42%, moderate in 29% and severe in 29% of cases. The inter-observer ICC was 0.96 for both the clinician-reported section of iscorEB-c and BEBS. The ICC for intra-observer reliability was 0.91 and 0.70 for the skin and mucosal domains of iscorEB-c, respectively. Cronbach's alpha for iscorEB-c was 0.89. iscorEB-p's test-retest reliability was 0.97, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.84. The clinical score differentiated between subjects with mild, moderate and severe disease, and both clinical and patient subscores discriminated between recessive dystrophic EB and other EB subtypes.

Conclusion

iscorEB has robust reliability and construct validity, including strong ability to distinguish EB types and severities. Further studies are planned to test its responsiveness to change.

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Localised inflammatory reactions at sites of subcutaneous methotrexate injections during treatment with ultraviolet B

Abstract

Ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy may be used in combination with methotrexate to treat psoriasis. When given in high doses as chemotherapy, methotrexate can induce a "radiation recall" reaction where a rash develops at sites of previous exposure to sunlight or radiotherapy, and where keratinocyte necrosis is a prominent histopathological finding¹. However, this reaction does not seem to occur when methotrexate, given orally in conventional dermatological doses, is combined with UVB^{2, 3}.

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The use of methotrexate in adolescents: contraception, confidentiality and consent

The British Association of Dermatologist's recently published guidelines for safe and effective prescribing of methotrexate address on- and off-licence use in adults and children,¹ but should more attention be paid to the group in between, adolescents?

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Metastases from distant primary tumours on the head and neck: clinical manifestation and diagnostics of 91 cases

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate which primary tumours metastasize on the head and neck region, identify the kind of clinical manifestation, the types of diagnostics that should be performed, and prove that the therapy appears possible and useful.

Patients

As many as 91 patients with a distant metastasis on the head and neck were enrolled in this retrospective clinical study from January 2004 to September 2016. All the patients were evaluated for clinical symptoms, primary tumour, localization, diagnostics, and surgical procedure.

Results

A total of 31 patients had asymptomatic swelling, 27 patients had symptomatic swelling, and nine experienced isolated pain without swelling. Most other symptoms were organ-specific. The most frequent localizations were the orbit (44 metastases), mandible (19), neck region (9), and skin (7). The most common primary tumours were breast carcinoma (44), bronchial carcinoma (12), and renal carcinoma (9). A biopsy was performed on 38 patients, a partial resection was done on 28 patients, extirpation on six patients, and a radical resection on 19 patients.

Conclusion

Distant metastases on the head and neck are rare and, therefore, pose a challenge for the oncologist and other involved disciplines. Most distant metastases occur within the first five years. Late metastases, especially in breast carcinoma, are still possible after 20 years. A surgical examination should be carried out if the findings are not clear due to multiple differential diagnoses. In particular, surgical options under palliative aspects should be examined.

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