Κυριακή 17 Φεβρουαρίου 2019
Gastric cancer prevention targeted on risk assessment: Gastritis OLGA staging
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks among the most lethal epithelial malignancies, and its striking mortality rate prompts a global prevention strategy. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis is the main GC promoter, and the 2014 Global Kyoto conference recognized H. pylori gastritis as a (treatable) infectious disease. It is therefore plausible that any large‐scale intervention for H. pylori eradication would result in cleansing the world of the fifth cause of cancer‐related death. Atrophic gastritis is the cancerization field in which GCs (both intestinal and diffuse histotypes) mainly develop. Discontinuing the inflammatory cascade triggered by H. pylori is tantamount to preventing GC. For patients (still infected or eradicated) who have already developed gastric atrophy, the severity/topography of the atrophic changes correlates with their cancer risk. Gastritis OLGA (Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment) staging consistently ranks the atrophy‐associated cancer risk, providing a solid clinical/biological rationale for establishing patient‐specific surveillance programs. By combining primary and secondary prevention strategies, gastric cancer is a preventable disease.
http://bit.ly/2BGQQSH
Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty for Chronic Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
Two weeks after having balloon eustachian tuboplasty, Robin Goebel was on a flight to South America, where she hiked at...http://bit.ly/2SGN3iF
McGovern Society Leaders Give Students a Roadmap Through Medical School
Pediatric otolaryngologist Zi Yang Jiang, MD, is one of 30 McGovern Society leaders who mentor new medical students, helping them...http://bit.ly/2DMClgu
Without Borders: Dr. Amber Luong Joins a Mission to Vietnam
Born in Vietnam, Amber Luong, MD, PhD, was 3 in April 1975 when her family left the country the day...http://bit.ly/2SI6wj1
Pediatric chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) in a child with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome (BWS)
Abstract
Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is an idiopathic degenerative process that presents as a painful nodule, papule, or ulcer on the helix or antihelix. It predominantly affects adults and is thought to be associated with trauma to the ear. We describe a case of pediatric chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis occurring in a child with a history of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome that was successfully treated with an excisional biopsy and relief from a recurrent source of pressure on the ear.
http://bit.ly/2Sc6RFT
The efficacy of cotton ball packing after endoscopic sinus surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
http://bit.ly/2GvuuYA
Changes in the expression of the potassium channels TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in a rat model of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their relation to malignancy
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Walther D. Zavala, Mabel R. Foscolo, Patricia E. Kunda, Juan C. Cavicchia, Cristian G. Acosta
Abstract
Objectives
Potassium channels have been proposed to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastases. Thus, we investigated the expression pattern of three 2-pore domain potassium channels (K2 Ps) TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the commonest oral malignancy.
Design
We used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) to induce high grade OSCC in male adult rats. We then used immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to study the distribution and expression pattern of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in normal versus cancerous tissue. We also examined the expression of β-tubulin III (β-tub3), a marker associated with resistance to taxane-based chemotherapy and poor patient prognosis, and its correlation with the K2 Ps. Finally, we studied the expression of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in human samples of SCC of oral origin.
Results
We found that TASK3 was significantly up-regulated whereas TASK1 and TRESK were both significantly down-regulated in advanced, poorly differentiated OSCC. Both, rat and human SCC showed a significant increase in the expression of β-tub3. Interestingly, the expression of the latter correlated positively and significantly with TASK3 and TRESK but not TASK1 in rat OSCC. Our initial results showed a similar pattern of up and down regulation and correlation with β-tub3 for these three K2 Ps in human SCC.
Conclusions
The changes in expression and the co-localization with a marker of resistance to taxanes like β-tub3 turn TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK into potentially new prognostic tools and possibly new therapeutic targets for OSCC.
http://bit.ly/2UYo7zS
Adsorption and release kinetics of growth factors on barrier membranes for guided tissue/bone regeneration: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jordi Caballé-Serrano, Yusra Abdeslam-Mohamed, Antonio Munar-Frau, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, Richard Miron
Abstract
Objectives
Guided bone / tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) procedures are necessary to improve conditions for implant placement. These techniques in turn can be enhanced by using growth factors (GFs) such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to accelerate regeneration. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the GF loading and release kinetics of barrier membranes.
Study design
A total of 138 articles were screened in PubMed databases, and 31 meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review.
Results
All the articles evaluated bio-resorbable membranes, especially collagen or polymer-based membranes. In most studies, the retention and release kinetics of osteogenic GFs such as BMP-2 and PDGF were widely investigated. Growth factors were incorporated to the membranes by soaking and incubating the membranes in GF solution, followed by lyophilization, or mixing in the polymers before evaporation. Adsorption onto the membranes depended upon the membrane materials and additional reagents such as heparin, cross-linkers and GF concentration. Interestingly, most studies showed two phases of GF release from the membranes: a first phase comprising a burst release (about 1 day), followed by a second phase characterized by slower release. Furthermore, all the studies demonstrated the controlled release of sufficient concentrations of GFs from the membranes for bioactivities.
Conclusions
The adsorption and release kinetics varied among the different materials, forms and GFs. The combination of membrane materials, GFs and manufacturing methods should be considered for optimizing GBR/GTR procedures.
http://bit.ly/2EfiS9x
Changes in the expression of the potassium channels TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in a rat model of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their relation to malignancy
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Walther D. Zavala, Mabel R. Foscolo, Patricia E. Kunda, Juan C. Cavicchia, Cristian G. Acosta
Abstract
Objectives
Potassium channels have been proposed to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastases. Thus, we investigated the expression pattern of three 2-pore domain potassium channels (K2 Ps) TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the commonest oral malignancy.
Design
We used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) to induce high grade OSCC in male adult rats. We then used immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to study the distribution and expression pattern of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in normal versus cancerous tissue. We also examined the expression of β-tubulin III (β-tub3), a marker associated with resistance to taxane-based chemotherapy and poor patient prognosis, and its correlation with the K2 Ps. Finally, we studied the expression of TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK in human samples of SCC of oral origin.
Results
We found that TASK3 was significantly up-regulated whereas TASK1 and TRESK were both significantly down-regulated in advanced, poorly differentiated OSCC. Both, rat and human SCC showed a significant increase in the expression of β-tub3. Interestingly, the expression of the latter correlated positively and significantly with TASK3 and TRESK but not TASK1 in rat OSCC. Our initial results showed a similar pattern of up and down regulation and correlation with β-tub3 for these three K2 Ps in human SCC.
Conclusions
The changes in expression and the co-localization with a marker of resistance to taxanes like β-tub3 turn TASK1, TASK3 and TRESK into potentially new prognostic tools and possibly new therapeutic targets for OSCC.
http://bit.ly/2UYo7zS
Adsorption and release kinetics of growth factors on barrier membranes for guided tissue/bone regeneration: A systematic review
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jordi Caballé-Serrano, Yusra Abdeslam-Mohamed, Antonio Munar-Frau, Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi, Federico Hernández-Alfaro, Richard Miron
Abstract
Objectives
Guided bone / tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) procedures are necessary to improve conditions for implant placement. These techniques in turn can be enhanced by using growth factors (GFs) such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to accelerate regeneration. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the GF loading and release kinetics of barrier membranes.
Study design
A total of 138 articles were screened in PubMed databases, and 31 meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the present systematic review.
Results
All the articles evaluated bio-resorbable membranes, especially collagen or polymer-based membranes. In most studies, the retention and release kinetics of osteogenic GFs such as BMP-2 and PDGF were widely investigated. Growth factors were incorporated to the membranes by soaking and incubating the membranes in GF solution, followed by lyophilization, or mixing in the polymers before evaporation. Adsorption onto the membranes depended upon the membrane materials and additional reagents such as heparin, cross-linkers and GF concentration. Interestingly, most studies showed two phases of GF release from the membranes: a first phase comprising a burst release (about 1 day), followed by a second phase characterized by slower release. Furthermore, all the studies demonstrated the controlled release of sufficient concentrations of GFs from the membranes for bioactivities.
Conclusions
The adsorption and release kinetics varied among the different materials, forms and GFs. The combination of membrane materials, GFs and manufacturing methods should be considered for optimizing GBR/GTR procedures.
http://bit.ly/2EfiS9x
An Unusual Cervical Mass in the Hyoid Bone: Intermediate-Grade Chondrosarcoma
We describe a case of a 31-year-old woman with a chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone. The patient presented with a mass in the left submandibular region. Fine-needle aspiration cytology suggested chondroma, but further imaging investigation with CT revealed an exophytic tumor originating from the body of the hyoid bone. Histopathology of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a intermediate-grade chondrosarcoma. Chondrosarcomas account for 11% of all bone cancers. Primary sites of the head and the neck include the nasal cavity, the skull base, the maxilla, the mandible. Chondrosarcomas of the hyoid bone are very rare, with only 23 cases previously reported in the literature.
http://bit.ly/2DQlPfi
Riedel’s Procedure: A Modification to Obliterate Step Defect
Sinus surgery was first introduced by the ancient Egyptians. In 1750 was the first modern description of frontal sinus surgery. In 1898, Riedel advocated complete removal of the anterior table and floor of the frontal sinus while simultaneously stripping the mucosa. The major postoperative issue involved gross forehead deformity. We aim to provide a modification to reduce the postoperative "step" defect. Riedel's procedure is an effective way of managing frontal sinus disease when endoscopic surgery has repetitively failed. Use of a pedicled pericranial/galeal soft tissue flap can effectively reduce cosmetic deformity postoperatively.
http://bit.ly/2X4gU3g
Patient-reported outcomes of symptom burden in patients receiving surgical or nonsurgical treatment for low-intermediate risk oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative analysis of a prospective registry
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Moran Amit, Kate Hutcheson, Jhankruti Zaveri, Jan Lewin, Michael E Kupferman, Amy C Hessel, Ryan P Goepfert, G. Brandon Gunn, Adam S Garden, Renata Ferraratto, C. Dave Fuller, Samantha Tam, Neil D. Gross
Abstract
Purpose
To explore treatment-related changes in symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) patients treated surgically and non-surgically.
Patients and Methods
Eighty-six patients with human papillomavirus–associated OPSCC treated at the Head and Neck Center at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center were recruited to a prospective registry study between 2014 and 2016 and completed the core, head and neck-specific, and symptom interference sections of the MD Anderson symptom inventory (MDASI) multi-symptom questionnaire and the EQ-5D health status assessment as a measure of QOL at four time points.
Results
Longitudinal improvements from post-treatment nadir were observed across all groups. For patients treated with single modality, symptom interference, but not core and head and neck specific, MDASI scores were significantly better at 6 months in patients treated with surgery than radiation (P = 0.04). For patients treated with multiple modalities, scores for each of the three domains (i.e., core, head and neck -specific, and interference MDASI) were significantly better in the surgical group than the nonsurgical group at treatment completion (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0006 and P = 0.02) and 6 weeks (P = 0.001, P = 0.05 and P = 0.04), but not 6 months (P = 0.11, P = 0.16 and P = 0.040). No significant differences in EQ5D health status were observed between groups at any time point, reflecting similar overall QOL in all groups.
Conclusion
Symptom burden and QOL improves after treatment in OPSCC survivors over time regardless of whether primary surgical or nonsurgical treatment is used, although acute symptom profiles may differ.
http://bit.ly/2GM85FI
Patterns of EBV-positive cervical lymph node involvement in head and neck cancer and implications for the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma T0 classification
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Oral Oncology, Volume 91
Author(s): Wei-Jie Luo, Yan-Fen Feng, Rui Guo, Ling-Long Tang, Lei Chen, Guan-Qun Zhou, Wen-Fei Li, Xu Liu, Ying Sun, Ai-Hua Lin, Jun Ma, Yan-Ping Mao
Abstract
Objectives
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis of unknown primary origin is classified as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) T0 by the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging manual (8th edition). We aimed to investigate the possible primary sites and patterns of EBV-positive CLN metastases and to provide implications for the management of NPC T0 classification.
Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 269 patients with newly diagnosed EBV-positive CLN metastatic disease who underwent EBV detection via EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization. Fifteen patients with unknown primary tumors underwent follow-up after initial treatment.
Results
In patients with EBV-positive CLNs, the most common primary sites after the nasopharynx (51.7%) were the salivary gland (24.5%), lung (7.8%), oropharynx (3.3%), nasal cavity/maxillary (3.3%), oral cavity (2.2%), orbit (1.1%), and liver (0.4%). No primary site was found in 15 patients (5.6%). For salivary gland malignancies, level II and I were the most frequently involved regions. Tumors arising from the lung or liver metastasized to the lower neck (level IV, V, and VI) rather than the upper neck. After initial treatment, 2/15 patients with EBV-positive CLNs of unknown primary exhibited primary NPC and oropharyngeal tumor, respectively. Further, even without prophylactic irradiation to the nasopharynx, only one of 13 unknown primary patients developed NPC.
Conclusions
The origins of EBV-positive CLNs may not be restricted to the nasopharynx alone, and are likely to involve the head and neck or non-head and neck regions. NPC T0 classification should be cautiously assigned to such tumors.
http://bit.ly/2tz0bYx
The efficacy of cotton ball packing after endoscopic sinus surgery: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Publication date: Available online 17 February 2019
Source: Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Seon-Lin Kim, Sung-Dong Kim, Han-Seul Na, Jae-Wook Kim, Keun-Ik Yi, Sue-Jean Mun, Kyu-Sup Cho
Abstract
Objective
The blocking of airflow into sinonasal cavity may decrease postoperative crusting and the development of adhesions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of cotton ball packing in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
Methods
Thirty nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis requiring the same extent of ESS were included. As a part of postoperative care, the patients were instructed to perform a nasal saline irrigation and apply a nasal spray in each nostril, and then informed to put a cotton ball in a one side of nostril, and the other side was kept to be empty as a control. Patients' subjective symptoms, patients' pain while receiving sinonasal cavity debridement, time required to perform debridement, and postoperative wound healing were evaluated.
Results
Although cotton ball packing resulted in less discomfort for postnasal drip, rhinorrhea, headache, and facial pain than no packing, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups. The cotton ball packing was associated with significantly less pain on while performing postoperative debridement, therefore less time was needed to perform debridement. The cotton ball packing appears to improve wound healing within the sinus cavities up to 1 month postoperatively.
Conclusion
The use of the cotton ball packing after ESS results in significantly less formation of crusts and adhesions, leading to decreasing pain and time during postoperative debridement and promoting faster wound healing.
http://bit.ly/2NbADJJ
Measuring anti-HLA antibody active concentration and affinity by surface plasmon resonance: Comparison with the luminex single antigen flow beads and T-cell flow cytometry crossmatch results
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 108
Author(s): Jonathan Visentin, Damien Le Leu, Arend Mulder, Frédéric Jambon, Laure Badier, Jar-How Lee, Gwendaline Guidicelli, Charlène Bouthemy, Mamy Ralazamahaleo, Frans Claas, Carmelo Di Primo, Jean-Luc Taupin
Abstract
Background
Although the Luminex single antigen flow beads (SAFB) and the flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) are the most sensitive assays used for anti-HLA antibodies characterization in transplant recipients, their semi-quantitative fluorescence read-out is not closely linked to graft outcome.
Methods
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was implemented to determine truly quantitative parameters of five human monoclonal anti-class I HLA antibodies (mAbs): first the active concentration and then the binding constants. The results were compared to those obtained with SAFB and T-cell FCXM (T-FCXM).
Results
The five mAbs displayed different rate and equilibrium constants for their cognate antigens. No correlation was evidenced between SAFB MFI or T-FCXM ratio and the binding parameters measured by SPR. Some mAbs amino acid substitutions within the epitope that influenced SAFB MFI resulted in affinity variations evidenced by SPR.
Conclusion
The SAFB MFI and T-FCXM ratio, both semi-quantitative parameters, only partially reflected the subtlety of the anti-HLA antibody/antigen interaction as it can be analyzed by SPR. Future clinical studies using SPR for anti-HLA antibodies characterization could bring novel insights into the understanding of HLA/anti-HLA interaction and therefore anti-HLA antibodies pathogenicity.
http://bit.ly/2BF4xBL
Cytokines use different intracellular mechanisms to upregulate the membrane expression of CX3CR1 in human monocytes
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 108
Author(s): Cecilia Analia Panek, Andrea Cecilia Bruballa, Gonzalo Ezequiel Pineda, Carlos De Brasi, Romina Jimena Fernández-Brando, María Pilar Mejías, María Victoria Ramos, Marina Sandra Palermo
Abstract
Membrane expression of fractalkine (CX3CL1)-receptor (CX3CR1) is relevant in monocytes (Mo) because CX3CR1-CX3CL1 interactions might participate on both, homeostatic and pathologic conditions. We have previously demonstrated that CX3CR1 levels are decreased during culture and when Mo are differentiated into dendritic cells, but enhanced when differentiated into macrophages. Regarding soluble factors, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) accelerated the loss of CX3CR1, while interleukin (IL)-10 and Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) prevented it. However, the comprehensive knowledge about the intracellular pathways that underlay the level of CX3CR1 expression in Mo is still incomplete.
In the current work, we studied the effect of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-10), alone or together with IFN- γ on CX3CR1 expression. We found that only IL-10 and IFN-γ separately were able to prevent CX3CR1 down-modulation during culture of human Mo. Besides, Mo incubated with IL-10 plus IFN-γ showed the highest CX3CR1 expression by cell, suggesting cooperation between two different mechanism used by both cytokines. By studying intracellular mechanisms triggered by IL-10 and IFN-γ, we demonstrated that they specifically induced PI3K-dependent serine-phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 or STAT1, respectively. Moreover, chemical inhibitors of STAT1 or STAT3 abrogated IFN-γ or IL-10 effects on CX3CR1 expression. Strikingly, only IL-10 increased CX3CR1 mRNA level, as consequence of augmenting mRNA stability. CX3CR1 mRNA increase was PI3K-dependent, supporting the causal link between the action of IL-10 at the CX3CR1 transcript and CX3CR1 protein level on Mo. Thus, both cytokines up-regulate CX3CR1 expression on human Mo by different intracellular mechanisms.
http://bit.ly/2TTJVwC
Heat shock protein 27 inhibits HMGB1 translocation by regulating CBP acetyltransferase activity and ubiquitination
Publication date: April 2019
Source: Molecular Immunology, Volume 108
Author(s): Xiaowen Bi, Miao Xu, Jinfei Li, Ting Huang, Baolin Jiang, Lei Shen, Lan Luo, Shixiang Liu, Zhimin Yin
Abstract
Heat-shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small heat shock protein family that has been reported to protect cells against pro-inflammatory stresses. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a proinflammatory cytokine associated with death from sepsis and other inflammatory diseases. After being acetylated by CREB-binding protein (CBP), the transcriptional adaptor and acetyltransferase, HMGB1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Hsp27 on HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in THP-1 cells. We found that Hsp27 phosphorylation decreased LPS-induced HMGB1 acetylation and translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, as well as its release from THP-1 cells. The study further showed that cytosolic non-phosphorylated Hsp27 enhanced CBP ubiquitination and degradation in LPS-unstimulated cells, which suggested that Hsp27 maintained suitable CBP levels under normal physiological conditions. After LPS stimulation, Hsp27 was phosphorylated at serine residues 15/78 and translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Consequently, LPS stimulation increased CBP levels and promoted its translocation into the nucleus. In the nucleus, Hsp27 bound to CBP and suppressed CBP acetyltransferase activity and the subsequent CBP-dependent acetylation of HMGB1. Taken together, our data demonstrated that cytosolic non-phosphorylated Hsp27 enhanced the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of CBP, while phosphorylated Hsp27 inhibited CBP acetyltransferase activity in the nucleus. By regulating CBP, Hsp27 maintained cell homeostasis and inhibited excessive inflammatory response.
Graphical abstract
http://bit.ly/2BDM9Jx
Do oral and maxillofacial surgeons over-prescribe opioids after extraction of asymptomatic third molars?
Publication date: Available online 16 February 2019
Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Cory M. Resnick, Carly E. Calabrese, Salim Afshar, Bonnie L. Padwa
ABSTRACT
Purpose
Opioid abuse is a public health concern. Oral opioids are prescribed following removal of third molars, but the amount needed for adequate postoperative analgesia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to quantify opioid need after third molar extractions.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients that had asymptomatic third molars extracted with intravenous sedation at Boston Children's Hospital from June-October 2018 by 3 attending surgeons. To be included, patients had to have had four third molars removed. Patients were excluded if they had a concomitant procedure, preoperative infection, postoperative inflammatory complication, chronic pain condition, or did not complete the study. Postoperative prescriptions and instructions included: (1) oxycodone 5mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #6; (2) ibuprofen 600mg tablets, take 1 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #20; (3) acetaminophen 325mg tablets, take 2 every 6 hours as needed, dispense #40. Subjects reported medication use via electronic questionnaire each day for 7 postoperative days. Descriptive statistics were calculated.
Results
81 subjects (56% female, mean age 19.4±7.7 years) were included. The average number of oxycodone tablets used was 0.04±0.24, and the highest daily use of oxycodone was on postoperative day (POD) 2 (1.0±0.0 tablets). Oxycodone was taken by 3 subjects (4%) on POD 1, 4 (5%) on POD 2, 2 (3%) on PODs 3 and 4, and 0 on PODs 5-7. Seventy-five subjects (93%) used no postoperative oxycodone; 466 prescribed oxycodone tablets remained unfilled or unused. ibuprofen 600mg was used for 4.6±2.2 PODs and acetaminophen 650mg was used for 3.4±1.9 days.
Conclusion
Oral opioid use following third molar extractions is minimal. Caution is necessary to avoid over-prescribing.
http://bit.ly/2GRQgoN
Risk factors and self‐perception for facial aging among Nepalese population
Summary
Background
Facial appearance has increasing importance to individuals and women, in particular. Till date, there are no reports of the extrinsic factors influencing skin aging in Nepalese population.
Objectives
To assess the risk factors and self‐perception for facial aging in Nepalese population.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 110 attendees aged 30‐70 years visiting the dermatology outpatient department of B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. An interview of the attendees was conducted to establish their perceived risk factors and age knowledge based on a questionnaire. The facial wrinkling was estimated by facial wrinkle scores using standardized visual assessment method by a dermatologist who was blinded with regard to all risk factors and age of the subjects.
Results
Around 50% of attendees were conscious about facial health, 53% perceived their facial age as their chronological age, 39% used some facial care products, and 68% were aware of the risk factors for facial aging. The major perceived risk factors were unhealthy eating habits, stress, less exercise, dehydration, diseased state and sleeping habits. A significant association was found between increasing age, place of birth in hills or mountains and sun exposure with high wrinkling score.
Conclusion
Facial skin wrinkles can be considered as a marker for intrinsic aging. Though the main factor responsible for extrinsic aging is ultraviolet radiation, identification of the factors may help in motivating the individuals for the adoption of a range of healthy behaviors for facial age in Nepalese population that may provide important public health benefits.
http://bit.ly/2DOWySC
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