Effects of PTEN gene silencing on invasion and EMT in oral squamous carcinoma Tca8113 cells

Aim

To investigate the impact of silencing of the PTEN gene using siRNA on the invasion, proliferation, cell cycle, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of the Tca8113 cell line.

Methods

The established Tca8113 cell model with siRNA interference to silence the PTEN gene was used. The transfection efficiency was examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. CCK-8 assay was utilized to analyze the proliferation of Tca8113 cells and cell invasion was evaluated using a transwell assay. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers E-cadherin and Vimentin and the EMT-related proteins β-catenin and TGF-β1 were analyzed by Western blot.

Results

The expression level of PTEN was significantly reduced in the PTEN-siRNA group. The invasiveness and proliferation rate of Tca8113 cells in the PTEN-siRNA group were significantly greater than those of the control and negative control groups. The expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin were reduced, whereas the expression levels of vimentin and TGFβ-1 were elevated in the PTEN-siRNA group compared with those of control and negative groups. These results were significantly different.

Conclusion

The silencing of PTEN by siRNA increased the proliferation and promoted cell invasion of Tca8113 cells. PTEN gene silencing may accelerate the EMT in Tca8113 cells.

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Effects of honey use on the management of radio/chemotherapy-induced mucositis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prophylactic effects of honey use on the management of radio/chemotherapy-induced mucositis. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP (Chinese scientific journal database), and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched for relevant articles without language restriction. Two reviewers searched and evaluated the related studies independently. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 11.0, calculating the pooled risk ratio (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

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Effect of flap design on periodontal healing after impacted third molar extraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The extraction of an impacted third molar violates the surrounding soft and bony tissues. The surgeon's access to the tooth, for which there are various surgical approaches, has an important impact on the periodontium of the adjacent second molar. The aim of this review was to analyze the relationships between the different flap techniques and postoperative periodontal outcomes for the mandibular second molars (LM2) adjacent to the impacted mandibular third molars (LM3). An electronic search of MEDLINE and other databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials fulfilling the eligibility criteria.

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Analysis of Genetic and Non Genetic Risk Factors for Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Pediatric Patients

The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic and non genetic risk factors for cisplatin ototoxicity.

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Geographic variation in Medicare treatment costs and outcomes for advanced head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to a heterogeneous group of malignancies that in the US afflicts 61,000 patients annually. The treatment of these diseases is complex and requires the input of several medical specialties and support services. While early stage HNC can be treated by single modality therapy, more advanced cases of disease require a multi-modality approach, which dramatically increases costs. Complex treatments result in a greater chance of variation in practice among providers and costs may vary substantially.

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A clinicopathologic study of head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas showing FOXO1 fusion-positive alveolar and MYOD1-mutant sclerosing are associated with unfavorable outcome

Head and neck soft tissue sarcomas are rare, accounting for 1% of all head and neck neoplasms [1,2]. Rhabdomyosarcomas are the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children and adolescents, accounting for 5–8% of all childhood malignancies [3]. The head and neck is the most common anatomic site for rhabdomyosarcoma [4,5]. The incidence of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) is currently placed at 0.104 cases per 100,000 [6]. The clinical presentation of HNRMS is divided into 3 sub-sites based on its anatomic location and local relapse: parameningeal (PM), including the paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, middle ear, mastoid, parapharyngeal region, pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa; orbital; and non-PM/non-orbital site, encompassing the neck, face, oral cavity, cheek, external ear, scalp and larynx [7].

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Argument for the conservative management of mandibular ameloblastomas

Ameloblastoma is a rare, benign, odontogenic tumour that affects the mandible more commonly than the maxilla. Solid or multicytic variants are often resected and the defects reconstructed with a free flap. To establish the outcome after enucleation and application of Carnoy's solution, irrespective of histological subtype, we used the hospital's histology database to identify all the patients treated between 2001 and 2014 by one surgeon. Variables included patients' characteristics, histological subtype, radiological appearance, follow-up period, and incidence of recurrence.

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CADASIL: Imaging Characteristics and Clinical Correlation

Abstract

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene located on chromosome 19p13. CADASIL causes a clinical syndrome of migraines (frequently with aura), progressive strokes, and cognitive decline in adults leading to severe functional impairment by the seventh decade of life. Genetic testing is the gold standard for diagnosing this condition, but the syndrome can be suspected clinically based on history and a characteristic pattern of confluent subcortical white matter disease in the anterior temporal poles and external capsule. Additional abnormalities include cerebral microbleeds and large vessel stenosis, particularly in Asian populations. Familiarity with radiologic findings in CADASIL is essential to the correct diagnosis and subsequent management of this disease.

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Artificial human sera: a breakthrough?

Abstract

It is not common that a Brief Communication is chosen for an Editorial; however, the work presented by Offermann et al. (1) deserves to be commented. Obviously the in vitro diagnosis of allergic sensitisation is based on the determination of soluble allergen-specific IgE in serum (2). Although the correlation between sIgE and allergic sensitization might be disturbed by the presence of clinically irrelevant cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (3), in most cases allergen-specific IgE in serum can be correlated with the symptomatic (4).

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Cannabis sativa allergy: looking through the fog

Abstract

IgE-mediated Cannabis (C. sativa, marihuana) allergy seems to be on the rise. Both active and passive exposure to cannabis allergens may trigger a C. sativa sensitization and/or allergy. The clinical presentation of a C. sativa allergy varies from mild to life-threatening reactions and often seems to depend on the route of exposure. In addition, sensitization to cannabis allergens can result in various cross-allergies, mostly for plant foods. This clinical entity, designated as the "cannabis-fruit/vegetable syndrome" might also imply cross-reactivity with tobacco, natural latex and plant-food derived alcoholic beverages. Hitherto, these cross-allergies are predominantly reported in Europe and appear mainly to rely upon cross-reactivity between non-specific lipid transfer proteins (ns-LTPs) or thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) present in C. sativa and their homologues, ubiquitously distributed throughout plant kingdom. At present, diagnosis of cannabis-related allergies predominantly rests upon a thorough history completed with skin testing using native extracts from crushed buds and leaves. However, quantification of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies and basophil activation tests (BAT) can also be helpful to establish correct diagnosis. In the absence of a cure, treatment comprises absolute avoidance measures. Whether avoidance of further use will halt the extension of related cross-allergies remains uncertain.

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Mammaglobin and DOG-1 expression in polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma: an appraisal of its origin and morphology

Background

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) remains a diagnostic challenge for most pathologists due to its large spectrum of histological patterns. In this study, the expression of two new markers recently described for salivary gland tumors was studied in PLGA.

Methods

The morphology of 33 cases of PLGA was carefully evaluated using hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections and confirmed by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 7, vimentin, and S-100. Periodic acid–Schiff with diastase digestion was also used. The expression of mammaglobin and DOG-1 was carried out using the EnVision System. Mammaglobin was assessed according to the percentage of positively stained tumor cells, while DOG-1 was evaluated according to its presence and site. For MCM-2 and Ki-67, markers of proliferation, the labeling index of cell nuclei positivity was evaluated using total cell number. The ETV6-NTRK3 fusion was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.

Results

The histological patterns of the tumor were classified as lobular or non-lobular. For the non-lobular pattern, tubular, cribriform, glomeruliform, trabecular, and papillary patterns were observed. Mammaglobin was present in all PLGA cases, and its expression was stronger (P = 0.01) in the lobular than in the non-lobular pattern. The expression of DOG-1 was present in the apical portion and cytoplasm of the cells. Proliferation markers were low for all cases independent of histological pattern.

Conclusions

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma has been confirmed to originate from the intercalated duct and to feature high expression of mammaglobin in its lobular pattern resembling that of mammary secretory analogue carcinoma, except for the ETV6 gene rearrangement.

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Non-cannibalistic tumor cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma can express phagocytic markers

Abstract

Background

CD68 and lysozyme expression in cannibalistic tumor cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is well established. Transformation of cancer cells into cannibalistic cells is a process involving sequential events. Initial event could be genetic expression of proteins that is required for execution of cannibalism. Hence, it is quite possible that some non-cannibalistic tumor cells can also show expression of cannibalistic markers (CD68 and lysozyme).

Methodology

Formalin fixed tissue of 30 OSCC with cellular cannibalism (CC) (positive control), 30 OSCC without CC and 17 normal oral epithelium specimens (negative control) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for CD68 and lysozyme expression.

Results

OSCC with CC showed CD68 and lysozyme expression in 30 (100%) cases each [CD68: (weak: 21 (70%), strong: 9 (30%); lysozyme: (weak: 24 (80%), strong: 6 (20%)]. In OSCC without CC, CD68 positive tumor cells were present in 13 (43.33%) cases [(weak: 10 (33.33%); strong: 3 (10%)] and lysozyme expression was present in 13 (43.33%) cases [(weak: 12 (40%); strong: 1 (3.33%)]. Control group showed negative expression for CD68 and lysozyme in the oral epithelium. The CD68 and lysozyme expression in OSCC without CC, OSCC with CC and control group showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). Significant correlation was also observed between CD68 and lysozyme expression and different grades of OSCC.

Conclusion

CD68 and lysozyme expression in non-cannibalistic tumor cells of OSCC can be related to CC.

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