Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human metapneumovirus in pediatric patients

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human metapneumovirus in pediatric patients from Hangzhou China via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), which is distributed worldwide, is a significant viral respiratory pathogen responsible for causing acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in pediatric patients in Hangzhou China following the peak of onset of COVID-19. A total of 1,442 throat swabs were collected from the pediatric patients with a diagnosis of ARTI from November 2020 to March 2021. The following viruses were detected by real-time PCR analysis: HMPV, RSV, adenovirus, hPIV1-3, influenza A, and influenza B. A two-step method was used to amplify the F genes of the HMPV-positive samples. Following sequencing, phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the MEGA version 7 software package. Among the 1,442 samples, 103 (7.14%) were positive for HMPV. No significant differences were observed in the gender distribution. The highest incidence of HMPV oc curred in children older than 6 years and the lowest was noted in children younger than 6 months. Lower respiratory tract infections were diagnosed at a higher rate than upper respiratory tract infections in HMPV-infected children. Only 10 HMPV-infected children (5.41%) were inpatients compared with 93 outpatients (7.39%). Co-infection was observed in 31 HMPV-positive samples including 24 samples of double infection and 7 samples of triple infection. A total of 61 F gene fragments of HMPV, which were approximately 727 bp in length were successfully sequenced. All the HMPVs belonged to the genotype B and were clustered into subgenotypes B1 (1.6%, 1/61) and B2 (98.4%, 60/61). A total of 4 specific amino acid substitutions were noted as follows: aa280, aa296, aa392, and aa396. These substitutions were present between sequences derived from the subgenotypes B1 and B2 in the fusion open reading frame from position 244 to 429. In conclusion, the present study provided significant informat ion regarding the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HMPV in children living in Hangzhou. Following the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, HMPV was considered an important viral respiratory pathogen present in children with ARTI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Protein interactome mapping of Porphyromonas gingivalis provides insights into the formation of the PorQ‐Z complex of the type IX secretion system

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Protein interactome mapping of Porphyromonas gingivalis provides insights into the formation of the PorQ‐Z complex of the type IX secretion system via Molecular Oral Microbiology Abstract Porphyromonas gingivalis is an anaerobic gram-negative human oral pathogen highly associated with the more severe forms of periodontal disease. P. gingivalis utilizes the type IX secretion system (T9SS) to transport ∼30 cargo proteins including multiple virulence factors to the cell surface. The T9SS is a multi-protein complex consisting of at least 19 proteins and recently we characterised the protein interactome of these components. Like the T9SS, almost all biological processes are mediated through protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Therefore, mapping PPIs are important to understand the biological functions of many proteins in P. gingivalis. Herein, we provide native migration profiles of over 1000 P. gingivalis proteins. Using the T9SS, we demonstrate that our dataset is a useful resource for identifying novel protein interactions. Using this dataset and further analysis of T9SS P. gingivalis mutants we discover new mechanistic insights into the formation of the PorQ-Z complex of the T9SS. This dataset is a valuable resource for studies of P. gingivalis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Analysis of Th cell subsets in local and systemic environments from experimental periodontitis rats

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Analysis of Th cell subsets in local and systemic environments from experimental periodontitis rats via Molecular Oral Microbiology Abstract Objectives: To explore the effect of periodontitis on Th cell subsets in local and systemic environments. Methods: 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into periodontitis and control groups. Silk ligatures were applied to the mandibular first (M1) molars in the periodontitis group. Inflammation and alveolar bone loss around the M1 molars were analyzed by histological staining and micro-computed tomography. The mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 in the gingiva were detected by qRT-PCR. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the submandibular lymph nodes, peripheral blood and jaw bone marrow were tested using flow cytometry. Results: More inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption was found in the periodontitis group, with upregulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-10. The proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in submandibular lymph nodes, and the proportion of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the proportion of Th1, Th17 and Treg cells was significantly elevated in jaw bone marrow in the periodontitis group. Conclusion: This study suggests periodontitis affects the differentiation of Th cell subsets in both local and systemic environments, resulting in an increased proportion of proinflammatory cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved View on Web

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Circadian Pain Patterns in Human Pain Conditions – A Systematic Review

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Circadian Pain Patterns in Human Pain Conditions – A Systematic Review via Pain Practice Abstract Background Chronobiology is the science of how physiological processes in the body follow a pattern of time. Pain has been shown to follow a circadian rhythm, with different types of pain having variable expression along this rhythm. Objective This article reviews the nature of diurnal variations in pain along with a discussion of the mechanisms of circadian rhythm of pain. Evidence Review We conducted a literature search on the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases, through April 2022. Publications were screened for English language, full-text availability, and human subjects. Randomized controlled trials and observational trials were included. Data was extracted from studies on patients with acute or chronic pain phenotypes, which provide pain severity data and corresponding diurnal time points. Findings The literature search led to the inclusion of 39 studies. A circadian pattern of pain was found to be present in nociceptive, neuropathic, central and mixed pain states. Postoperative pain, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia and migraines were associated with higher pain scores in the morning. Temporomandibular joint pain, neuropathic pain, labor pain, biliary colic and cluster headaches increased throughout the day to reach a peak in the evening or night. Arthritis and cancer pain were not associated with any circadian rhythmicity. Furthermore, the circadian rhythm of pain was not found to be altered in patients on analgesics. Conclusion The results of this review suggest that an understanding of diurnal variation may help improve therapeutic strategies in pain management, for instance through analgesic titration. View on Web

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Presenting Symptomatology for Patients With Nasal Septal Perforation: Application of the NOSE‐Perf Scale

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Presenting Symptomatology for Patients With Nasal Septal Perforation: Application of the NOSE‐Perf Scale via The Laryngoscope The NOSE-Perf scale is a patient-reported outcome measure specific to nasal septal patients. NOSE-Perf data are presented for a large heterogenous group of patients. Objective To objectively identify and quantitate presenting nasal symptoms in patients with a septal perforation using the validated NOSE-Perf scale. Study Design Case series retrospective review. Methods The medical records from August 2018 through January 2022 of patients at a tertiary care academic center with a septal perforation, and who completed the NOSE-Perf questionnaire, were reviewed. Perforation symptoms were identified and quantified using the 12-item NOSE-Perf scale (score range 0–48). NOSE-Perf findings were correlated to patient demographics, perforation etiology, and perforation length. NOSE-Perf scores of patients who pursued treatment were compared with those who did not. Results NOSE-Perf data were collected from 202 patients. Nasal crusting was noted in 94.1% of patients and was the most severe symptom reported (mean 2.9 of 4.0). Nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, and nasal obstruction followed in prevalence and severity. The mean total NOSE-Perf score was 23.7. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a weakly negative association of NOSE-Perf score with patient age and weakly positive association with increasing perforation length. NOSE-Perf scores were significantly higher in women and in patients pursuing treatment. Conclusion This is the first study to use the validated NOSE-Perf scale to objectively characterize and establish baseline septal perforation symptomatology. The NOSE-Perf scale can play a role in the standardization of perforation evaluation and treatment outcomes assessment. Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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