Accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid lesion with corresponding histopathology: A single institutional experience

Nasar Alwahaibi, Jawhara Alsalami, Usha Rani Bai, Ritu Lakhtakia

Thyroid Research and Practice 2016 13(3):140-143

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions with the final histopathologic diagnosis in the surgical specimens. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed over an 11-year-period at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman. The records of all patients who had undergone FNAC and subsequent surgery for thyroid cancer were included. Cytological diagnosis was classified into five categories: Unsatisfactory, benign, papillary carcinoma, undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma, and suspicious for malignancy. Histopathological diagnosis was classified into two categories: Papillary carcinoma and other thyroid carcinomas. Results: A total of 1460 cases of FNAC thyroid were retrieved. Female to male ratio was 6.3:1, and the mean age was 43.4 years. There were 20 papillary carcinomas, two undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas, and 118 suspicious for malignancy representing 9.6% of all cases. Of these 140 FNAC cases, subsequent histopathologic diagnosis found in only 95 cases. Papillary carcinoma was seen in 83.16% followed by follicular and medullary types with a rate of 12.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that FNAC is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of thyroid lesion if cytological yield is adequate and papillary carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer in our institution.

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Pulmonary hypertension: The thyroid connection

Pooja Prakash Prabhu, GD Ravindran, Jyothi Idiculla

Thyroid Research and Practice 2016 13(3):144-145

A 52-year-old female presented with exertional dyspnea and swelling of feet for 3 weeks. On examination, she was found to have tachycardia and hypertension, with a small goiter visible on her neck. All routine investigations were normal. Echocardiogram (ECHO) revealed moderate tricuspid regurgitation and severe pulmonary hypertension (PHTN). Pulmonary function tests were normal. There was no evidence of pulmonary embolism on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Immunology workup was negative. She was diagnosed to have hyperthyroidism, and a technetium-99 scan of the thyroid was suggestive of Graves' disease. She was treated with radio-iodine. And is euthyroid and asymptomatic. A repeat ECHO confirmed resolution of PHTN. This case is being reported to highlight the need to detect and treat hyperthyroidism, which can cause resolution of PHTN.

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Autoimmune thyroid disorder and recurrent depression: Clinicians must be aware of the links

Karishma Rupani, Avinash De Sousa, Nilesh Shah

Thyroid Research and Practice 2016 13(3):146-147



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Thyroid abnormalities and suicidality in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

Samir Kumar Praharaj

Thyroid Research and Practice 2016 13(3):147-148



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Author reply

Avinash De Sousa

Thyroid Research and Practice 2016 13(3):149-149



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Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities of Algerian Pistachia lentiscus L. leaves extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Publication date: January 2017
Source:South African Journal of Botany, Volume 108
Author(s): A. Cherbal, M. Kebieche, E.m. Yilmaz, Z. Aydoğmuş, L. Benzaouia, M. Benguessoum, M. Benkedidah, K. Madani
AimThe current study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of the 80% methanolic leaves extract of Pistachia lentiscus L., a medicinal plant commonly used in Algerian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of P. lentiscus L. leaves extract on blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effects of the extract on α-amylase, sucrase and glucose uptake by yeast cells in vitro were also evaluated. For qualitative determination of biologically active compounds, RP-HPLC analysis of the extract was carried out.ResultsP. lentiscus L. extract exhibited a significant decrease in blood glucose as well as cholesterol and triglyceride levels and caused a significant increase in plasma insulin. In addition, it significantly increased glucose uptake in yeast cells and inhibited α-amylase and sucrase activities.ConclusionBased on its strong antidiabetic activity, P. lentiscus L. extract appears to be a potential herb for the treatment of diabetes and can be further explored for isolating the active component(s).



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Immunoexpression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 and their receptors, BMPR-IA and BMPR-II, in ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Marcelo Anderson Barbosa Nascimento, Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka, Carlos Augusto Galvão Barboza, Roseana de Almeida Freitas, Leão Pereira Pinto, Lélia Batista de Souza
ObjectivesThe present study evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 and of their receptors (BMPR-IA and BMPR-II) in solid ameloblastoma (SA), unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) in order to obtain a better understanding of their role in the development and biological behavior of these tumors.DesignThis study analyzed these proteins in 30 cases of SA, 10 cases of UA, and 30 cases of AOT. Immunoexpression was evaluated in the parenchyma and stroma by attributing the following scores: 0, no stained cells; 1, ≤10%; 2, >10% and ≤25%; 3, >25% and ≤50%; 4, >50% and ≤75%.; 5, >75% stained cells.ResultsIn SAs, positive correlations were observed between the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMP-2 (p<0.001) and between the stromal expression of BMP-2 and BMP-4 (p=0.020), as well as between the stromal expression of BMPR-II and BMP-4 (p=0.001) and the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMPR-II (p<0.001). In UAs, correlations were detected between the stromal and parenchymal expression of BMP-4 (p=0.035) and between the stromal expression of BMP-4 and BMPR-IA (p=0.022). In AOTs, analysis of immunoexpression in the parenchyma revealed positive correlations between all proteins.ConclusionBMPs and their receptors play an important role in the differentiation and development of ameloblastomas and AOTs, but may not explain the different biological behaviors of these lesions. The positive correlation observed in AOTs might be related to the formation of mineralized material in this tumor.



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Study on the effects of gradient mechanical pressures on the proliferation, apoptosis, chondrogenesis and hypertrophy of mandibular condylar chondrocytes in vitro

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Hui Li, Linjian Huang, Qianyang Xie, Xieyi Cai, Chi Yang, Shaoyi Wang, Min Zhang
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of gradient mechanical pressure on chondrocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of markers of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy.MethodsMandibular condylar chondrocytes from 5 rabbits were cultured in vitro, and pressed with static pressures of 50kPa, 100kPa, 150kPa and 200kPa for 3h, respectively. The chondrocytes cultured without pressure (0kPa) were used as control. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the expression of aggrecan (AGG), collagen II (COL2), collagen X (COL10), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were investigated. Ultrastructures of the pressurized chondrocytes under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were observed.ResultsChondrocyte proliferation increased at 100kPa and decreased at 200kPa. Chondrocyte apoptosis increased with peak pressure at 200kPa in a dose-dependent manner. Chondrocyte necrosis increased at 200kPa. The expression of AGG increased at 200kPa. The expression of COL2 decreased at 50kPa and increased at 150kPa. The expression of COL10 and ALP increased at 150kPa. Ultrastructure of the pressurized chondrocytes under TEM showed: at 100kPa, cells were enlarged with less cellular microvillus and a bigger nucleus; at 200kPa, cells shrank with the sign of apoptosis, and apoptosis cells were found.ConclusionsThe mechanical loading of 150kPa is the moderate pressure for chondrocyte: cell proliferation and apoptosis is balanced, necrosis is reduced, and chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy are promoted. When the pressure is lower, chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy are inhibited. At 200kPa, degeneration of cartilage is implied.



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Aims & Scope/Editorial board

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 72





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Urine metabolic profiling for the pathogenesis research of erosive oral lichen planus

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Xu-zhao Li, Xu-yan Yang, Yu Wang, Shuai-nan Zhang, Wei Zou, Yan Wang, Xiao-nan Li, Ling-shu Wang, Zhi-gang Zhang, Liang-zhen Xie
ObjectiveOral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic immune-pathological and inflammatory disease and potentially oral precancerous lesion. Erosive OLP patients show the higher rate of malignant transformation than patients with non-erosive OLP. Identifying the potential biomarkers related to erosive OLP may help to understand the pathogenesis of the diseases.MethodsMetabolic profiles were compared in control and patient subjects with erosive OLP by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) coupled with pattern recognition methods An integrative analysis was used to identify the perturbed metabolic pathways and pathological processes that may be associated with the disease.ResultsIn total, 12 modulated metabolites were identified and considered as the potential biomarkers of erosive OLP. Multiple metabolic pathways and pathological processes were involved in erosive OLP.ConclusionThe dysregulations of these metabolites could be used to explain the pathogenesis of the disease, which could also be the potential therapeutic targets for the disease.

Graphical abstract

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Eruption of posterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible for age determination of water deer

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Hyejin Seo, Jinsun Kim, Hong Seomun, Jae Joon Hwang, Ho-Gul Jeong, Jae-Young Kim, Hee-Jin Kim, Sung-Won Cho
ObjectiveEruption of posterior teeth, including premolars and molars in the mandible rather than in the maxilla, is accepted as an accurate reference for age determination of deer. In water deer, Hydropotes inermis, the eruption age of mandibular molars has been described in two studies, but the ages were inconsistent with each other. In this study, we aimed to confirm the eruption age of mandibular posterior teeth for the accurate age determination of water deer and to evaluate the efficacy of maxillary posterior teeth for the age determination of deer.DesignThe eruption of mandibular and maxillary posterior teeth was investigated in the dry skulls of individual wild water deer of both sexes, up to an age of about 15 months.ResultsThe eruption age of mandibular molars in water deer was consistent with that of a previous study. The eruption age of posterior teeth was almost the same in the maxilla and mandible of individual water deer. The deciduous mandibular fourth premolar and the permanent maxillary fourth premolar were two easiest teeth to be identified for the age determination.ConclusionsThe former controversial eruption age of mandibular posterior teeth in water deer was confirmed. Our study first presented the eruption age of maxillary posterior teeth in water deer. It is suggested that posterior teeth not only in the mandible but also in the maxilla are useful indicators for the age determination of water deer.



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Antifungal activity, mode of action and anti-biofilm effects of Laurus nobilis Linnaeus essential oil against Candida spp.

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Larissa Rangel Peixoto, Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Gabriela Lacet Silva Ferreira, Irlan Almeida Freires, Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho, Lúcio Roberto Castellano, Ricardo Dias de Castro
ObjectiveThe present study demonstrated the antifungal potential of the chemically characterized essential oil (EO) of Laurus nobilis L. (bay laurel) against Candida spp. biofilm adhesion and formation, and further established its mode of action on C. albicans.MethodsL. nobilis EO was obtained and tested for its minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC/MFC) against Candida spp., as well as for interaction with cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability. Then we evaluated its effects on the adhesion, formation, and reduction of 48hC. albicans biofilms. The EO phytochemical profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS).ResultsThe MIC and MFC values of the EO ranged from (250 to 500) μg/mL. The MIC values increased in the presence of sorbitol (osmotic protector) and ergosterol, which indicates that the EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane ionic permeability, respectively. At 2 MIC the EO disrupted initial adhesion of C. albicans biofilms (p<0.05) and affected biofilm formation with no difference compared to nystatin (p>0.05). When applied for 1min, every 8h, for 24h and 48h, the EO reduced the amount of C. albicans mature biofilm with no difference in relation to nystatin (p>0.05). The phytochemical analysis identified isoeugenol as the major compound (53.49%) in the sample.ConclusionsL. nobilis EO has antifungal activity probably due to monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in its composition. This EO may affect cell wall biosynthesis and membrane permeability, and showed deleterious effects against C. albicans biofilms.



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Age-related periodontitis and alveolar bone loss in rice rats

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): J.I. Aguirre, M.P. Akhter, K.G. Neuville, C.R. Trcalek, A.M. Leeper, A.A. Williams, M. Rivera, L. Kesavalu, H.Z. Ke, M. Liu, D.B. Kimmel
ObjectiveTo characterize in rice rats: (a) periodontitis (PD) progress with feeding of standard laboratory rat chow (STD) during ages 4–80 weeks; and (b) PD progress with feeding of a high sucrose-casein (H-SC) diet during young adulthood.MethodsOne group (N=12) was euthanized at age 4 weeks (Baseline). Four groups (N=8-16) consumed a STD diet from baseline and were necropsied at ages 22, 30, 52, and 80 weeks. Three groups (N=10-16) consumed an H-SC diet from baseline. Two were necropsied at ages 22 and 30 weeks, respectively. The third switched to the STD diet at age 22 weeks and was necropsied at age 30 weeks. All mandibles/maxillae were assessed by histometry for degree of periodontal inflammation (PD Score), alveolar crest height (ACH, mm), and horizontal alveolar bone height (hABH, mm²).ResultsIn STD diet rats aged ≥30 weeks, all endpoints were worse (P<0.05) than at Baseline. In H-SC diet rats aged ≥22 weeks, all endpoints were worse than at Baseline (P<0.05). At age 22 weeks, all endpoints were worse in the H-SC group than in the STD group (P<0.05). By age 30 weeks, the STD and H-SC groups did not differ.Conclusions1) STD diet fed rice rats develop moderate/severe PD by age 30 weeks; 2) an H-SC diet accelerates moderate/severe PD development; and 3) switching to a STD diet does not halt/reverse PD that was accelerated by an H-SC diet. These data further clarify use of the rice rat as a PD model.



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Hyaluronic acid on collagen membranes: An experimental study in rats

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Edson Costa e Silva, Sheyla Viana Omonte, Alessandro Gomides Veiga Martins, Hércules Henrique Onibene de Castro, Hayder Egg Gomes, Élton Gonçalves Zenóbio, Peterson Antônio Dutra de Oliveira, Martinho Campolina Rebello Horta, Paulo Eduardo Alencar Souza
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the structure and degradation patterns of BioGide^® and OsseoGuard™ collagen membranes. HA mediates inflammation and acts in cell migration, adhesion, and differentiation, benefitting tissue remodeling and vascularization. These are desirable effects in guided regeneration procedures, but it is still unknown whether HA alters the barrier properties of absorbable membranes.DesignBone defects were created in the calvaria of rats, which were treated with HA gel 1% (HA group) or simply filled with blood clot (control group), and covered with BioGide^® or OsseoGuard™. The animals were euthanized after 1, 30, and 60days, and their calvarias were processed for histological analysis.ResultsBioGide^®, in both HA and control groups, showed vascularization, intense cell colonization, bone formation, and tissue integration at 30 and 60days. In contrast, Osseoguard™ presented minimal cellular colonization, and inflammatory reaction associated to foreign body reaction in both time points and groups. The HA group of BioGide^® showed higher cell colonization (574.9±137.6) than the control group (269.1±70.83) at 60days (p<0.05). Despite this finding, the structure and degradation pattern were similar for BioGide^® and Osseoguard™ in the HA and control groups.ConclusionThe results suggest that HA did not interfere with tissue integration and structural degradation of BioGide^® and Osseoguard™ membranes.



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Dentine-pulp tissue engineering in miniature swine teeth by set calcium silicate containing bioactive molecules

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Dimitrios Tziafas, Konstantinos Kodonas, Christos Gogos, Christina Tziafa, Seraphim Papadimitriou
Objective: The present study aims to investigate whether reparative dentinogenesis could be guided at central pulpal sites or at a distance from the amputated pulp of miniature pig teeth, by using set calcium silicate-based carriers containing human recombinant bioactive molecules.DesignPulp exposures were performed in 72 permanent teeth of 4 healthy miniature swine. The teeth were capped with pre-manufactured implants of set calcium silicate-based material containing BMP-7, TGFβ1 or WnT-1, for 3 weeks. Conical-shaped intrapulpal implants were exposed in the central pulp core, while disc-shaped extrapulpal implants were placed at a distance from the amputated pulp. Implants without bioactive molecules were used as controls. Thickness and forms of new matrix mineralized deposition were assessed histologically at post-operative periods of 3 weeks by light microscopy.ResultsIntrapulpal applications: Calcified structures composed of osteodentine were found in contact with the BMP-7 implants. An inhomogeneous calcified tissue matrix was found around the WnT-1 carriers. A two-zone calcified structure composed of osteodentine and a thicker tubular matrix zone was seen at the TGFβ1 carrier-pulp interface. Extrapulpal applications: The space between WnT-1 implants and pulp periphery had been invaded by soft tissue with traces of calcified foci. Thick calcified structures composed of osteodentine were found surrounding pulp exposure sites in response to application of BMP-7. Spindle-shaped cells associated with atubular calcified matrix or elongated polarized cells associated with tubular dentine-like matrix were found along the cut dentinal walls of the TGFβ1 group.ConclusionThe present experiments indicated that set calcium silicate could be used as carrier for biologically active molecules. TGFβ1 was shown to be an effective bioactive molecule in guiding tertiary dentine formation.



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Clotrimazole and econazole inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm and virulence in vitro

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Wei Qiu, Biao Ren, Huanqin Dai, Lixin Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Xuedong Zhou, Yuqing Li
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of eight antifungal drugs on S. mutans growth, biofilm formation and virulence factors.MethodsThe actions of antifungal drugs on S. mutans were determined by recovery plates and survival kinetic curves. Biofilms were observed by scanning electron microscopy and the viable cells were recovered on BHI plates, meanwhile biofilms were stained by BacLight live/dead kit to investigate the biofilm viability. Bacteria/extracellular polysaccharides staining assays were performed to determine the EPS production of S. mutans biofilms. Acidogenicity and acidurity of S. mutans were determined using pH drop and acid tolerance assays, and the expression of ldh gene was evaluated using qPCR.ResultsWe found that clotrimazole (CTR) and econazole (ECO) showed antibacterial activities on S. mutans UA159 and S. mutans clinical isolates at 12.5 and 25mg/L, respectively. CTR and ECO could also inhibit S. mutans biofilm formation and reduce the viability of preformed biofilm. CTR and ECO affected the live/dead ratio and the EPS/bacteria ratio of S. mutans biofilms. CTR and ECO also inhibited the pH drop, lactate acid production, and acid tolerance. The abilities of CTR and ECO to inhibit S. mutans ldh expression were also confirmed.ConclusionsWe found that two antifungal azoles, CTR and ECO, had the abilities to inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans and more importantly, they could also inhibit the virulence factors of S. mutans.



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Prevalence of delayed tooth development and its relation to tooth agenesis in Korean children

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Min Kyoung Park, Min Kyung Shin, Seong Oh Kim, Hyo Seol Lee, Jae-Ho Lee, Han-Sung Jung, Je Seon Song
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of delayed tooth development (DTD) and the link between DTD and tooth agenesis (TA).DesignThe dental maturity of all of the developing permanent teeth of 4611 children (2417 males and 2194 females) was evaluated from panoramic radiographs. The prevalence of DTD and TA was analyzed, and gender difference for DTS and TA was investigated. The correlation of DTD and TA was investigated in intra-fields and inter-fields.ResultsThe total prevalence of DTD among the 4611 children was 3.40%. The maxillary second premolar was the most frequently delayed tooth (1.02%), followed by the maxillary second molar (0.88%) and the mandibular second premolar (0.74%). DTD significantly correlated with TA in both intra-fields and inter-fields (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe field of delayed development exhibited a significant correlation with that of TA.



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Human dental follicle cells express embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells markers

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Rodrigo Lopes de Lima, Rosenilde Carvalho de Holanda Afonso, Vivaldo Moura Neto, Ana Maria Bolognese, Marcos Fabio Henriques dos Santos, Margareth Maria Gomes de Souza
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to identify and characterize dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) by analyzing expression of embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells surface markers. Design Dental follicle cells (DFCs) were evaluated by immunocytochemistry using embryonic stem cells markers (OCT4 and SOX2), mesenchmal stem cells (MSCs) markers (Notch1, active Notch1, STRO, CD44, HLA-ABC, CD90), neural stem cells markers (Nestin and β-III-tubulin), neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) markers (p75 and HNK1) and a glial cells marker (GFAP). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression of OCT4 and NANOG in DFCs and dental follicle tissue.ResultsImmunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analysis revealed that a significant proportion of the DFCs evaluated expressed human embryonic stem cells marker OCT4 (75%) whereas NANOG was weakly expressed. A considerable amount of MSCs (90%) expressed Notch1, STRO, CD44 and HLA-ABC. However, they were weakly positive for CD90. Moreover, it was possible to demonstrate that dental follicle contains a significant proportion of neural stem/progenitors cells, expressing β-III-tubulin (90%) and nestin (70%). Interestingly, immunocytochemistry showed DFCs positive for p75 (50%), HNK1 (<10%) and a small proportion (<20%) of GFAP-positive cells. This is the first study reporting the presence of NCSCs and glial-like cells in the dental follicle.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest the occurrence of heterogeneous populations of stem cells, particularly neural stem/progenitor cells, in the dental follicle, Therefore, the human dental follicle might be a promising source of adult stem cells for regenerative purposes.



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Cyclic-stretch induces apoptosis in human periodontal ligament cells by activation of caspase-5

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Dan Zhao, Yaqin Wu, Chun Xu, Fuqiang Zhang
Background and objectiveAs caspase-5 plays a role in apoptosis, the present study aimed to identify the expression and activation of caspase-5 in human periodontal ligament cells in response to cyclic stretch and the role of caspase-5 in stretch-induced apoptosis.MethodsHuman PDL cells were exposed to 10% or 20% stretch strain for 6 or 24h, and the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-5 were analyzed with real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The caspase-5 activation was detected by colorimetric assay. Then the influence of the inhibition of caspase-5 on the stretch-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were analyzed with flow cytometry and colorimetric assay, respectively.ResultsBoth 6 and 24h stretches increased mRNA, protein expression and activation of caspase-5 in human PDL cells. Inhibition of caspase-5 inhibited the stretch-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in human PDL cells.ConclusionThis study for the first time identified the expression and activation of caspase-5 in cyclic stretched human PDL cells and found that the stretch-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation were caspase-5 dependent.



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Frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk for remineralisation of artificial caries on enamel and dentine: Ex vivo/in situ study

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Luiza Cassiano, Juliano Pessan, Livia Comar, Flavia Levy, Cristiane Cardoso, Aline Dionisio, Michele Manarelli, Larissa Grizzo, Ana Carolina Magalhães, Marília Buzalaf
ObjectivesThis study analysed the effect of frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk on the remineralisation of artificial enamel and dentine caries lesions ex vivo/in situ.Materials and methodsPre-demineralised bovine enamel and dentine slabs were randomly allocated into 5 groups and fixed in removable appliances used by subjects for 7days in each phase. Each treatment comprised milk containing 2.5ppm fluoride daily (T1), or every other day (T2), 5.0ppm F daily (T3), or every other day (T4) or no treatment (T5).ResultsEnamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and transversal microradiography (TMR), and in dentine by TMR only. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). For enamel, the highest %SHR was found for T1 and T3 compared to control, without significant differences between them. All groups showed positive values of ΔΔZ − T1 (247.3±198.5); T2 (110.9±303.2); T3 (226.0±299.2); T5 (5.0±288.0), except T4 (−274.5±407.3). For dentine, the only group that presented remineralisation was T2 (350.0±657.5).ConclusionsFluoridated milk daily seems to have higher remineralising effect on enamel than its use every other day. Dentine, does not seem to benefit from daily use of fluoridated milk.



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Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) affects proliferation and differentiation and wound healing processes in an inflammatory environment with p38 controlling early osteoblast differentiation in periodontal ligament cells

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Jan Reckenbeil, Dominik Kraus, Helmut Stark, Birgit Rath-Deschner, Andreas Jäger, Matthias Wenghoefer, Jochen Winter, Werner Götz
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) on proliferation, wound healing and differentiation processes of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells under inflammatory conditions and whether the protective, anabolic effects of IGF1 can attenuate unfavorable effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β).DesignInflammation was mimicked through cell stimulation with IL-1β. PDL cells were characterized in respect to the presence of components of the IGF system and the responsive potential on IL-1β incubation. Gene expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cellular localization of target proteins was visualized using fluorescent-based immunohistochemistry. Effects on cell division were investigated by proliferation assays. Wound healing was analyzed using light microscopic techniques. Differentiation was quantified by measuring biomineralization and osteoblast-specific alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity.ResultsPDL cell proliferation and wound healing were positively affected by IGF1 and the combination of IGF1 with IL-1β, while only IL-1β showed negative effects. Biomineralization was enhanced by IGF1, IL-1β, and the combination of both stimulants. Osteoblast differentiation was increased by IL-1β and the combination of IL-1β with IGF1, whereas only IGF1 negatively affected ALP activity. Phosphorylation of p38 was regulated by IL-1β and IGF1.ConclusionsThe data presented in this work showed a potential of IGF1 to improve wound healing and proliferation processes and to sustain cell differentiation under inflammatory stimuli in PDL cells.



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Stress and its role in the dentin hypersensitivity in rats

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Marcelo Ribeiro Bergamini, Fernanda Kabadayan, Maria Martha Bernardi, Ivana Barbosa Suffredini, Marcia Tonetti Ciaramicoli, Ricardo Matsura Kodama, Cintia Helena Coury Saraceni
IntroductionThe perception of pain varies individually. Chronic stress leads to analgesia. The use of animal chronic mild stress model to mimic human condition was previously developed and now applied in the evaluation of pain perception in rats with dentin hypersensitivity (DH).AimsUsing DH model induced by dentin erosion (DE) mediated by acidic solution, the present study aimed the evaluation of the interaction of chronic stress and pain induced by DH in rats with DE.MethodsDH was induced by ad libitum 30-day intake of acidic solution. Stress was induced by the New York subway model. Body weight was weekly taken, during treatment. Groups WO (water, no stress), WS (water and stress), EO (acidic solution, no stress) and ES (acidic solution, stress) were submitted to treatments.ResultsAfter 30 days, all groups were submitted to DH test assessed by cold water stimuli in the labial surface of molars, for 5s, and the rats responses were scored as grades 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3. After euthanasia, blood was taken to obtain the levels of corticosterone, stomachs were observed in fresh preparations, kidneys and livers were submitted to histological evaluation. Open field model supported stress evaluation, as did corticosterone analysis. Stressed animals showed significant increase in pain perception and a decrease in locomotion frequency, tending to be more frequent in the periphery of the arena, corroborating stressed behavior and the need of protection as a pain relief. Corticosterone levels were increased in the stressed rats with dentin erosion and also corroborate present findings. Finally, reduction in weight gain was impaired in stressed group with dentin erosion.ConclusionThe animal model enabled the evaluation of how chronic mild stress interfered in DH pain perception.

Graphical abstract

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DEFB1 polymorphisms and salivary hBD-1 concentration in Oral Lichen Planus patients and healthy subjects

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Vania Polesello, Luisa Zupin, Roberto Di Lenarda, Matteo Biasotto, Gabriele Pozzato, Giulia Ottaviani, Margherita Gobbo, Sergio Crovella, Ludovica Segat
ObjectivesThe aetiology of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP), a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosa, is not yet well understood. Since innate immunity may be hypothesized as involved in the susceptibility to OLP, we studied human beta defensin 1 (hBD-1) an antimicrobial peptide constitutively expressed in the saliva, looking at functional genetic variants possibly able to diminish hBD-1 production an consequently conferring major susceptibility to OLP.DesignWe analysed three DEFB1 polymorphisms at 5′ UTR, −52G>A (rs1799946), −44C>G (rs1800972), −20G>A (rs11362) and two DEFB1 polymorphisms at 3′UTR, c*5G>A (rs1047031), c*87A>G (rs1800971), with the aim of correlating these genetic variants and hBD-1 salivary level in a group of OLP patients and in healthy subjects. We also evaluated hBD-1 salivary concentrations, using ELISA, in OLP and healthy controls.ResultsWe compared hBD-1 concentrations in OLP and healthy subjects: hBD-1 concentration was significantly higher in OLP patients respect to control.When considering the correlation between DEFB1 polymorphisms genotypes and hBD-1 expression levels, significant results were obtained for SNPs −52G>A (p=0.03 both in OLP patients and healthy individuals) and −44C>G (p=0.02 in OLP patients).ConclusionshBD-1 production was different between OLP and healthy subjects (not age-matched with OLP). DEFB1 gene polymorphisms, −52G>A and −44C>G, correlated with hBD-1 salivary concentrations.



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Expression levels of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin and the number of gram-negative bacteria in symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): E. Carneiro, A.B. Parolin, C. Wichnieski, E.A.R. Rosa, U.X. Silva Neto, V.P.D. Westphalen, L.F. Fariniuk, A.C.B.R. Johann
ObjectiveThe study aimed to verify the potential correlation between the detected amount of gram-negative bacteria and the radiographic sizes of the lesions in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Furthermore, to evaluate whether the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and the RANKL/OPG ratio are differentially regulated in both groups.DesignTwenty patients with periapical lesions were divided into two groups: symptomatic (SYM) n=10 and asymptomatic (ASYM) n=10. After periapical surgery, the lesions were collected and processed for histological examination, and immunohistochemistry. The percentage of RANKL- and OPG-immunopositive areas relative to the total area of the microscopic field was calculated. For gram staining, the number of gram-negative cells per microscopic field was assessed. The radiographs of each patient were processed and measured. The Student's t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient were performed.ResultsThe SYM group showed a significantly higher number of gram-negative cells (p=0.007) when compared to the ASYM group. A higher number of gram-negative bacteria occurred more frequently in larger periapical lesions and the SYM group (p=0.03). The expression for RANKL and OPG and the RANKL/OPG ratio were not significantly different between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of bacteria and OPG levels in the SYM group (p=0.01).ConclusionThe number of bacteria seems to influence the symptoms and the radiographic size of a periapical lesion. Gram-negative bacteria may play an important role in OPG activity in the SYM group.



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Efficacy of freeze-dried platelet-rich plasma in bone engineering

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 73
Author(s): Yuya Nakatani, Hideki Agata, Yoshinori Sumita, Takamitsu Koga, Izumi Asahina
ObjectivePlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is typically isolated and applied immediately after preparation, making it both a time- and labor-intensive addition to the operative procedure. Thus, it would be convenient if PRP could be preserved. We evaluated the efficacy of freeze-dried PRP (FD-PRP), as compared with freshly isolated PRP (f-PRP) for bone engineering.DesignFD-PRP was prepared by lyophilization of f-PRP and was subsequently preserved at −20°C for one month. It was then rehydrated with an equal or 1/3 amount of distilled water (×1FD-PRP, ×3FD-PRP, respectively), and we assessed its gelation properties and the release of growth factors (PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, and VEGF). We also examined the bone forming ability with onlay-grafting on mice calvaria using β-TCP granules as a scaffold.ResultsFD-PRP showed comparable gelation as f-PRP. In terms of growth factor release,×1FD-PRP released identical concentrations of PDGF-BB and TGF-β1 to f-PRP, while ×3FD-PRP released approximately 3-fold concentrations when compared with f-PRP. In vivo, ×1FD-PRP promoted identical levels of the bone formation as f-PRP, and ×3FD-PRP induced more abundant bone formation.ConclusionsThese results suggest that f-PRP can be stored without functional loss by freeze-drying and the concentration of PRP may improve its efficacy in bone engineering.



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Looking Backward to Move Forward: Revisiting Some Past Feminist Contributions to the Study of Violence Against Women

Violence and Gender , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Uncommon oral manifestations of dengue viral infection

Publication date: Available online 26 October 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Carla Isabelly Rodrigues Fernandes, Luciano Elias da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez




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Ethics is the best professional policy

Publication date: Available online 27 October 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Aracy Pereira Silveira Balbani




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Facial nerve stimulation following cochlear implantation for X-linked stapes gusher syndrome leading to identification of a novel POU3F4 mutation

Publication date: December 2016
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 91
Author(s): Jacob L. Wester, Catherine Merna, Kevin A. Peng, Rebecca Lewis, Ali R. Sepahdari, Gail Ishiyama, Kumino Hosokawa, Kozo Kumakawa, Akira Ishiyama
We report a case of a nine-year-old male who presented with facial nerve stimulation four years after cochlear implantation. Computed tomography was performed revealing a dilated internal auditory meatus and the cochlear implant electrode was found to be protruding into the fallopian canal at the level of the geniculate ganglion. Subsequent genetic analysis demonstrated X-linked deafness type 2 (DFNX2) caused by a novel c.769C > T nucleotide change in the POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4 gene (POU3F4). Inactivation of electrodes 1 and 19–21 successfully abated facial nerve stimulation.



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Cervical metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus

Yekaterina Koshkareva, MD; Jeffrey C. Liu, MD; Miriam Lango, MD; Thomas Galloway, MD; John P. Gaughan, PhD; John A. Ridge, MD, PhD

Abstract

We conducted a retrospective study to determine the incidence and treatment outcomes of neck metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the hard palate and/or maxillary alveolus after surgical excision of the primary tumor. We also sought to identify any risk factors for recurrence. Our study population was made up of 20 patients-9 men and 11 women, aged 46 to 88 years (mean: 72.6)-who had undergone excision of an SCC of the hard palate and/or maxillary alveolus at a tertiary care cancer center over a 7-year period. Half of all patients were former tobacco users. Of the 20 tumors, 10 involved the maxillary alveolus, 4 involved the hard palate, and 6 involved both sites. Three patients were clinically categorized as T1, 9 as T2, 6 as T3, and 2 as T4; pathologically, 8 tumors were categorized as T4a. In addition to maxillectomy, a neck dissection was performed in 7 patients-4 therapeutically and 3 electively. Eight of 20 patients experienced a recurrence: 4 local, 6 regional, and 2 distant (several patients had a recurrence at more than one site). Univariate analysis identified perineural invasion (p = 0.04) as a statistically significant risk factor for recurrence. Of 14 patients with a clinicopathologically negative neck, 5 (36%) developed a cervical recurrence, and 4 of them died of their disease. An advanced stage (T4 vs. <T4) was not significantly correlated with the risk of regional metastasis (p = 0.58). The rate of occult nodal metastasis in clinically and radiologically N0 necks was high. Clinical and radiologic understaging was common, and regional recurrences frequently resulted in death. We conclude that elective nodal evaluation and treatment of the neck warrants strong consideration for most patients with cancer of the hard palate and/or maxillary alveolus.

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Novel management of an isolated comminuted cricoid cartilage fracture

Aurora G. Standlee, MD, CPT, MC, USA; Derek J. Rogers, MD, MAJ, MC, USA

Abstract

Laryngeal trauma is a rare occurrence that can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Isolated cricoid cartilage fractures are exceedingly rare, and their treatment is highly variable. We describe a case of an isolated comminuted, uncalcified cricoid cartilage fracture in a 34-year-old man that responded well to novel management with suture and 2-octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive fixation intraoperatively and topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone applied to the airway postoperatively. We discuss the novel application of cyanoacrylate glue in laryngeal trauma and the potential benefits of topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone application to the airway.

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Prognostic factors in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Gideon Bachar, MD; Aviram Mizrachi, MD; Naomi Rabinovics, MD; Dan Guttman, MD; Thomas Shpitzer, MD; Dean Ad-El, MD; Tuvia Hadar, MD

Abstract

Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive biologic behavior. We conducted a retrospective study of 71 patients-58 men and 13 women, aged 28 to 88 years (mean: 71)-who had been treated at our university-affiliated tertiary care medical center for metastatic cutaneous SCC over a 15-year period. In addition to demographic data, we compiled and analyzed information on tumor characteristics, the site and extent of metastasis, treatment, follow-up, and outcome. Among the tumor factors, poorly differentiated carcinoma was an independent predictor of poorer disease-free survival, and older age was found to be an independent predictor of poorer overall survival. We found no significant difference in disease-free or disease-specific survival among patients with parotid involvement, neck involvement, or both. In our series, the site of nodal involvement appeared to have no prognostic significance in patients with metastatic cutaneous SCC of the head and neck.

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Chronic otitis media with effusion following radiation therapy

Anya Miller, MD; Francis Hall, MBChB, FRACS; Syed Ahsan, MD, FACS

Abstract

The incidence of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal or sinonasal tumors is relatively high. It is often a difficult-to-treat problem in these patients. In this retrospective study, we sought to describe the clinical course of COME in 51 patients-33 men and 18 women, aged 39 to 90 years (mean: 58.9 ± 15)-who had been referred to the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit between 2001 and 2011 for management of a tumor that had involved either the nasopharyngeal area or the sinonasal area. The median length of follow-up from the time of cancer diagnosis was 32 months. Of the 51 patients, 23 (45.1%) developed COME before, during, or after radiation therapy. Of these 23 patients, 13 (56.5%) did not experience any improvement after treatment with various combinations of therapies, including myringotomy, tympanostomy tube placement, otic drops, oral antibiotics, and corticosteroid nasal sprays. No patient- or tumor-specific factors were found to be significantly associated with the incidence of COME after irradiation to the sinonasal area. Older age and squamous cell tumor pathology were found to be significant factors for the resolution of COME after it had developed, whereas treatments with tympanostomy tubes and ear drops were not. Because of the high incidence of COME after radiotherapy and the high rate of COME's failure to resolve after tympanostomy tube insertion, we suggest that these patients require an alternative treatment.

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More than 20 years of powered endoscopic ethmoidectomy

Dewey A. Christmas, MD; Joseph P. Mirante, MD, FACS; Eiji Yanagisawa, MD, FACS

Current operative techniques continue to build on the foundation of functional endoscopic sinus surgery from the work of Messerklinger.

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Clinical course of acute laryngeal hematoma associated with vocal fold fixation

Wan-Chun Tsai, MD; Jih-Chin Lee, MD; Chih-Hung Wang, MD, PhD; Hsin-Chien Chen, MD, PhD

Disruptions of the anterior commissure, multiple displaced cartilage fractures, and larger open lacerations require open laryngeal exploration.

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Stapes-pyramidal fixation by a bony bar

Kai-Chieh Chan, MD

Stapes fixation caused by an ossified stapedius tendon with normal mobility of the footplate, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of conductive hearing loss with a normal tympanic membrane.

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Posterior epistaxis: Common bleeding sites and prophylactic electrocoagulation

Juan Liu, MD; Xicai Sun, MD; Limin Guo, MD; Dehui Wang, MD

Abstract

Posterior epistaxis is a frequent emergency, and the key to efficient management is identification of the bleeding point. We performed a retrospective study of 318 patients with posterior epistaxis treated with endoscopic bipolar electrocautery during a 4-year period. Distribution of the bleeding sites was recorded. Patients with no definite bleeding sites in the first operation were assigned to Group A (n = 39) and Group B (n = 34). Patients in Group A were only observed in the ward. Patients in Group B were given prophylactic electrocoagulation at the common bleeding points. Of the 318 patients, bleeding sites were successfully identified and coagulated in 263 patients. All of them were located posteriorly, with 166 on the lateral nasal wall, 86 on the septum, and 11 on the anterior face of the sphenoid sinus. The rebleeding rate of Group B (8.8%) was lower than that of Group A (38.5%) (p < 0.01).

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Spontaneous laryngeal barotrauma depicted on CT

Daniel T. Ginat, MD

Laryngeal injuries may result from  external laryngeal trauma or, less often, internal processes such as iatrogenic causes and sneezing with a closed airway.

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Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp mimicking facial cellulitis

Sheng-Chiao Lin, MD; Ting-Shou Chang, MD

On first appearance, angiosarcomas can be mistaken for benign lesions, such as cellulitis, hemangioma, rosacea, and rhinophyma.

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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor escape from immune surveillance

Abstract

Tumor progression is known to be supported by chronic inflammatory conditions developed in the tumor microenvironment. It is characterized by the long-term secretion of various inflammatory soluble factors (including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, prostaglandins, etc.) and strong leukocyte infiltration. Among leukocytes infiltrating tumors, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent one of the most important players mediating immunosuppression and supporting tumor escape. These cells can strongly inhibit antitumor immune reactions mediated by T cells and NK cells. Moreover, MDSCs are generated, recruited to the tumor site, and activated not only under the influence of soluble inflammatory mediators but also due to extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells. EVs play a key role in the formation of MDSCs via the conversion of normal myeloid cells and altering the normal myelopoiesis. In addition, EVs help create a suitable microenvironment for the metastatic process.

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Endolymphatic sac surgery for meniere′s disease

Publication date: Available online 26 October 2016
Source:Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Author(s): Michael D. Puricelli, Henrique Furlan Pauna, Michael M. Paparella
Meniere′s disease and its pathologic correlate endolymphatic hydrops develop from endolymphatic malabsorption secondary to genetically determined and environmentally influenced factors. Medical therapy is effective in most cases. When insufficient, endolymphatic sac enhancement is a logical extension of conservative treatment, as it is organ sparing and hearing conserving therapy resulting in excellent symptomatic control with a low rate of complications. The senior author′s technique for endolymphatic sac enhancement is presented incorporating experience from over 5,000 such procedures.



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Levels of Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Children with Symptomatic Dengue Evaluated by ELISA and Bead-Based Assays

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Retinal Diseases Caused by Mutations in Genes Not Specifically Associated with the Clinical Diagnosis

by Xia Wang, Yanming Feng, Jianli Li, Wei Zhang, Jing Wang, Richard A. Lewis, Lee-Jun Wong

Purpose

When seeking a confirmed molecular diagnosis in the research setting, patients with one descriptive diagnosis of retinal disease could carry pathogenic variants in genes not specifically associated with that description. However, this event has not been evaluated systematically in clinical diagnostic laboratories that validate fully all target genes to minimize false negatives/positives.

Methods

We performed targeted next-generation sequencing analysis on 207 ocular disease-related genes for 42 patients whose DNA had been tested negative for disease-specific panels of genes known to be associated with retinitis pigmentosa, Leber congenital amaurosis, or exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Results

Pathogenic variants, including single nucleotide variations and copy number variations, were identified in 9 patients, including 6 with variants in syndromic retinal disease genes and 3 whose molecular diagnosis could not be distinguished easily from their submitted clinical diagnosis, accounting for 21% (9/42) of the unsolved cases.

Conclusion

Our study underscores the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of retinal disorders and provides valuable reference to estimate the fraction of clinical samples whose retinal disorders could be explained by genes not specifically associated with the corresponding clinical diagnosis. Our data suggest that sequencing a larger set of retinal disorder related genes can increase the molecular diagnostic yield, especially for clinically hard-to-distinguish cases.

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Improved Auditory Nerve Survival with Nanoengineered Supraparticles for Neurotrophin Delivery into the Deafened Cochlea

by Andrew K. Wise, Justin Tan, Yajun Wang, Frank Caruso, Robert K. Shepherd

Cochlear implants electrically stimulate spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in order to provide speech cues to severe-profoundly deaf patients. In normal hearing cochleae the SGNs depend on endogenous neurotrophins secreted by sensory cells in the organ of Corti for survival. SGNs gradually degenerate following deafness and consequently there is considerable interest in developing clinically relevant strategies to provide exogenous neurotrophins to preserve SGN survival. The present study investigated the safety and efficacy of a drug delivery system for the cochlea using nanoengineered silica supraparticles. In the present study we delivered Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) over a period of four weeks and evaluated SGN survival as a measure of efficacy. Supraparticles were bilaterally implanted into the basal turn of cochleae in profoundly deafened guinea pigs. One ear received BDNF-loaded supraparticles and the other ear control (unloaded) supraparticles. After one month of treatment the cochleae were examined histologically. There was significantly greater survival of SGNs in cochleae that received BDNF supraparticles compared to the contralateral control cochleae (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.009). SGN survival was observed over a wide extent of the cochlea. The supraparticles were well tolerated within the cochlea with a tissue response that was localised to the site of implantation in the cochlear base. Although mild, the tissue response was significantly greater in cochleae treated with BDNF supraparticles compared to the controls (repeated measures ANOVA, p = 0.003). These data support the clinical potential of this technology particularly as the supraparticles can be loaded with a variety of therapeutic drugs.

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Foxe1 Polymorphism Interacts with Dietary Iodine Intake in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk in the Cuban Population

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Application of Monoclonal Antibodies to Detect and Compare the Levels of Streptococcus mutans in Adolescents Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Those Not Undergoing Treatment

Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Oct 2016, Vol. 35, No. 5: 267-271.


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Establishment of Anti-Human ATRX Monoclonal Antibody AMab-6

Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Oct 2016, Vol. 35, No. 5: 254-258.


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PMab-38 Recognizes Canine Podoplanin of Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy Oct 2016, Vol. 35, No. 5: 263-266.


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Alpha-N-acetyl-neuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase 1 can support immune responses toward tumors overexpressing ganglioside D3 in mice

Abstract

An immunotherapeutic strategy is discussed supporting anti-tumor activity toward malignancies overexpressing ganglioside D3. GD3 can be targeted by NKT cells when derived moieties are presented in the context of CD1d. NKT cells can support anti-tumor responses by secreting inflammatory cytokines and through cytotoxicity toward CD1d⁺GD3⁺ tumors. To overexpress GD3, we generated expression vector DNA and an adenoviral vector encoding the enzyme responsible for generating GD3 from its ubiquitous precursor GM3. We show that DNA encoding α-N-acetyl-neuraminide α-2,8-sialyltransferase 1 (SIAT8) introduced by gene gun vaccination in vivo leads to overexpression of GD3 and delays tumor growth. Delayed tumor growth is dependent on CD1d expression by host immune cells, as shown in experiments engaging CD1d knockout mice. A trend toward greater NKT cell populations among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with SIAT8 vaccination. A single adenoviral vaccination introduces anti-tumor activity similarly to repeated vaccination with naked DNA. Here, greater NKT tumor infiltrates were accompanied by marked overexpression of IL-17 in the tumor, later switching to IL-4. Our results suggest that a single intramuscular adenoviral vaccination introduces overexpression of GD3 by antigen-presenting cells at the injection site, recruiting NKT cells that provide an inflammatory anti-tumor environment. We propose adenoviral SIAT8 (AdV-SIAT8) can slow the growth of GD3 expressing tumors in patients.

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Post-Finasteride Syndrome Not Related to Androgen Deficiency

Men who report persistent sexual symptoms after using finasteride for hair loss do not show abnormalities in androgens or their receptors, according to a new report.
Reuters Health Information

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