Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Allergologia et Immunopathologia
Author(s): A. Uncuoglu, N. Yologlu, I.E. Simsek, Z.S. Uyan, M. Aydogan
BackgroundIgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) has been shown consistent in milder heated-milk tolerant and severe heated-milk reactant groups in patients older than two years. Little is known whether fermentation of milk gives rise to similar clinical phenotypes.We aimed to determine the influence of extensively heated and fermented cow's milk on the IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated CMA in children younger than two years.MethodsSubjects followed with the diagnosis of IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated CMA for at least six months underwent unheated milk challenge. IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated groups were categorised as unheated milk-reactive and tolerant, separately. Unheated milk-reactive groups were further challenged sequentially with fermented milk (yoghurt) and baked milk, 15 days apart. Allergy evaluation with skin tests, prick-to-prick tests and atopy patch tests were performed.ResultsFifty-seven children (median age: 14 months; range: 7–24 months) underwent unheated milk challenge. Eleven of 27 children with IgE-mediated CMA and 14 of 30 children with non-IgE-mediated CMA tolerated unheated milk. Among subjects who reacted to unheated milk; 15 of 16 subjects (93%) with IgE-mediated CMA also reacted to yoghurt, whereas 11 of 16 subjects (68%) with non-IgE-mediated CMA tolerated fermented milk. Thirteen subjects (81%) of the unheated milk-reactive IgE-mediated group tolerated to heated milk. None of 16 subjects of unheated milk-reactive non-IgE-mediated group reacted to baked milk.ConclusionThe majority of children under the age of two years with both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated CMA tolerated baked-milk products. Yoghurt was tolerated in two thirds of unheated milk reactive patients suffering from non-IgE-mediated CMA.
http://ift.tt/2t3NKSh
Σάββατο 15 Ιουλίου 2017
Tolerance to baked and fermented cow's milk in children with IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy in patients under two years of age
Expression of MyHC isoforms mRNA transcripts in different regions of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles in chimpanzees
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Neus Ciurana, Rosa Artells, Carmen Muñoz, Júlia Arias-Martorell, Gaëlle Bello-Hellegouarch, Alejandro Pérez-Pérez, Juan Francisco Pastor, Josep Maria Potau
ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the expression pattern of the different myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to obtain information at molecular level which can be related to the functional characteristics of these two muscles.DesignThe masseter, deep and superficial portion, and medial pterygoid muscles of five adult Pan troglodytes were dissected in order to obtain samples of the anterior and posterior regions of each portion of the masseter and of the medial pterygoid. The expression of MyHC isoforms mRNA transcripts was analyzed by RT-qPCR.ResultsNo significant differences in expression of MyHC isoforms between the masseter and the medial pterygoid were found. In contrast, when comparing the superficial and the deep portion of the masseter, we found that the MyHC-IIM isoform was expressed at a significantly higher level in the superficial portion.ConclusionsThe superficial portion of the masseter and the medial pterygoid muscle have the same expression pattern regarding the different MyHC isoforms. On the other hand, the deep portion of the masseter, which is activated mainly during lateral and repositioning movements of the mandible, has a lower MyHC-IIM isoform expression than the superficial portion. Our findings provide new data on functional aspects of the masseter and medial pterygoid that can complement results obtained by other techniques.
http://ift.tt/2ureFLn
In silico search of inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans for the control of dental plaque
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Rodrigo Ochoa, María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón, María Adelaida Arismendi-Echeverri, Willer Leandro Rendón-Osorio, Carlos Enrique Muskus-López
Biofilm is an extremely complex microbial community arranged in a matrix of polysaccharides and attached to a substrate. Its development is crucial in the pathophysiology of oral infections like dental caries, as well as in periodontal, pulp, and periapical diseases. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most effective microorganisms in lactic acid production of the dental biofilm. Identifying essential Streptococcus mutans proteins using bioinformatics methods helps to search for alternative therapies. To this end, the bacterial genomes of several Streptococcus mutans strains and representative strains of other cariogenic and non-cariogenic bacteria were analysed by identifying pathogenicity islands and alignments with other bacteria, and by detecting the exclusive genes of cariogenic species in comparison to the non-pathogenic ones. This study used tools for orthology prediction such as BLAST and OrthoMCL, as well as the server IslandViewer for the detection of pathogenicity islands. In addition, the potential interactome of Streptococcus mutans was rebuilt by comparing it to interologues of other species phylogenetically close to or associated with cariogenicity. This protocol yielded a final list of 20 proteins related to potentially virulent factors that can be used as therapeutic targets in future analyses. The EIIA and EIIC enzymatic subunits of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) were prioritized, as well as the pyruvate kinase enzyme, which are directly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and in obtaining the necessary energy for the microorganism's survival. These results will guide a subsequent experimental trial to develop new, safe, and effective molecules in the treatment of dental caries.
http://ift.tt/2vpIwkL
Expression of MyHC isoforms mRNA transcripts in different regions of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles in chimpanzees
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Neus Ciurana, Rosa Artells, Carmen Muñoz, Júlia Arias-Martorell, Gaëlle Bello-Hellegouarch, Alejandro Pérez-Pérez, Juan Francisco Pastor, Josep Maria Potau
ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the expression pattern of the different myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms in the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to obtain information at molecular level which can be related to the functional characteristics of these two muscles.DesignThe masseter, deep and superficial portion, and medial pterygoid muscles of five adult Pan troglodytes were dissected in order to obtain samples of the anterior and posterior regions of each portion of the masseter and of the medial pterygoid. The expression of MyHC isoforms mRNA transcripts was analyzed by RT-qPCR.ResultsNo significant differences in expression of MyHC isoforms between the masseter and the medial pterygoid were found. In contrast, when comparing the superficial and the deep portion of the masseter, we found that the MyHC-IIM isoform was expressed at a significantly higher level in the superficial portion.ConclusionsThe superficial portion of the masseter and the medial pterygoid muscle have the same expression pattern regarding the different MyHC isoforms. On the other hand, the deep portion of the masseter, which is activated mainly during lateral and repositioning movements of the mandible, has a lower MyHC-IIM isoform expression than the superficial portion. Our findings provide new data on functional aspects of the masseter and medial pterygoid that can complement results obtained by other techniques.
http://ift.tt/2ureFLn
In silico search of inhibitors of Streptococcus mutans for the control of dental plaque
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Rodrigo Ochoa, María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón, María Adelaida Arismendi-Echeverri, Willer Leandro Rendón-Osorio, Carlos Enrique Muskus-López
Biofilm is an extremely complex microbial community arranged in a matrix of polysaccharides and attached to a substrate. Its development is crucial in the pathophysiology of oral infections like dental caries, as well as in periodontal, pulp, and periapical diseases. Streptococcus mutans is one of the most effective microorganisms in lactic acid production of the dental biofilm. Identifying essential Streptococcus mutans proteins using bioinformatics methods helps to search for alternative therapies. To this end, the bacterial genomes of several Streptococcus mutans strains and representative strains of other cariogenic and non-cariogenic bacteria were analysed by identifying pathogenicity islands and alignments with other bacteria, and by detecting the exclusive genes of cariogenic species in comparison to the non-pathogenic ones. This study used tools for orthology prediction such as BLAST and OrthoMCL, as well as the server IslandViewer for the detection of pathogenicity islands. In addition, the potential interactome of Streptococcus mutans was rebuilt by comparing it to interologues of other species phylogenetically close to or associated with cariogenicity. This protocol yielded a final list of 20 proteins related to potentially virulent factors that can be used as therapeutic targets in future analyses. The EIIA and EIIC enzymatic subunits of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) were prioritized, as well as the pyruvate kinase enzyme, which are directly involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and in obtaining the necessary energy for the microorganism's survival. These results will guide a subsequent experimental trial to develop new, safe, and effective molecules in the treatment of dental caries.
http://ift.tt/2vpIwkL
Photobiomodulation therapy improves both inflammatory and fibrotic parameters in experimental model of lung fibrosis in mice
Abstract
Lung fibrosis (LF) is a chronic and progressive lung disease characterized by pulmonary parenchyma progressive lesion, inflammatory infiltration, and interstitial fibrosis. It is developed by excessive collagen deposition and other cellular matrix components, resulting in severe changes in the alveolar architecture. Considering the absence of effective treatment, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the development of PF. For this purpose, we used C57BL6 mice subjected to induction of LF by bleomycin administration (1.5 U/kg) by orotracheal route and, after 14 days of the induction, mice were treated with PBMT applied to the thorax 1×/day for 8 days (wavelength 660 ± 20 nm, power 100 mW, radiant exposure 5 J/cm2, irradiance 33.3 mW/cm2, spot size 2.8cm2, total energy 15 J, time of irradiation: 150 s) and inflammatory and fibrotic parameters were evaluated with or without PBMT. Our results showed that PBMT significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space, collagen production, interstitial thickening, and static and dynamic pulmonary elastance. In addition, we observed reduced levels of IL-6 e CXCL1/KC released by pneumocytes in culture as well as reduced level of CXCL1/KC released by fibroblasts in culture. We can conclude that the PBMT improves both inflammatory and fibrotic parameters showing a promising therapy which is economical and has no side effects.
http://ift.tt/2teI38z
Transoral robotic total laryngopharyngectomy and free jejunal flap reconstruction for hypopharyngeal cancer
For locally advanced tumours involving the post-cricoid region and the cervical esophagus, total laryngo-pharyngectomy is required and the subsequent circumferential pharyngeal defect is preferentially reconstructed using microvascular free flaps [1]. The current report describes the surgical protocol utilized by the author to perform total laryngo-pharyngectomy and free jejunal flap reconstruction using the TORS approach.
http://ift.tt/2t2JH8T
Respiratory Virus prior to Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation is associated with allo-immune mediated lung syndromes
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Birgitta Versluys, Marc Bierings, Jean Luc Murk, Tom Wolfs, Caroline Lindemans, Kors vd Ent, Jaap Jan Boelens
BackgroundAllo-immune mediated lung syndromes (allo-LS) are life-threatening complications after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Respiratory virus (RV) has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis.ObjectiveWe studied the relation between RV-DNA/RNA detection in upper/lower airway before HCT and the occurrence of allo-LS.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all HCT recipients between 2004 and 2014, in whom Real-Time PCR for RV was done from Nasal-Pharyngeal-Aspirates (NPA) and Broncho-Alveolar- Lavage (BAL) before HCT. Main outcome of interest was allo-LS, defined as Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome or Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome. Other outcomes were overall survival and treatment related mortality (TRM). We used Cox proportional hazard models, logistic regression models and Fine-Gray competing risk regression for analyses.Results179 children (median age 6.8 years) were included. RV was found in 61% (41% in BAL/NPA, 20% in NPA-only). Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected RV (42%). Allo-LS occurred in 13 %. RV-positivity in BAL was a predictor for allo-LS (HR 3·8, 95% CI 1·4 – 10·7; p=0·01), while RV-positivity in NPA-only was not. No other predictors were found. Acute Graft-Versus-Host-Disease grade 2-4, related with steroid treatment, shows a trend towards a protective effect (OR 0·16, 95%CI 0·0–1·3; p=0·08). Allo-LS significantly increased TRM (52 ± 10% in allo-LS, 20 ± 4% in non-allo-LS, p= 0·007).ConclusionsThese results show that pre-HCT BAL RV-positivity was a predictor for allo-LS. Screening for RV before HCT may identify patients at risk for allo-LS. This may have implications for prevention and treatment and may subsequently influence the outcomes of HCT.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
This study shows a strong relation between Respiratory Virus prior to transplant, and alloimmune lungsyndromes, which may have therapeutic implications. Our hypothesis, based on biological and pathophysiological factors, can guide reflections on immunemediated disease in general.http://ift.tt/2tVOJa7
A brief psychological intervention for mothers of children with food allergy can change risk perception and reduce anxiety: outcomes of a randomised controlled trial
Abstract
Background
Mothers of children with food allergy have increased anxiety, which may be influenced by healthcare professionals' communication of risk.
Objective
To evaluate a brief psychological intervention for reducing anxiety in mothers of children with food allergy.
Methods
Two hundred mothers of children with food allergy were recruited from allergy clinics. A computer-generated randomization list was used to allocate participants to a single-session Cognitive Behavioural Therapy intervention including a risk communication module, or standard care. Anxiety and risk perception were assessed at 6 weeks and 1 year. Primary outcome was state anxiety at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes included state anxiety at 1 year, risk perception at 6 weeks and 1 year, and salivary cortisol response to a simulated anaphylaxis scenario at 1 year.
Results
We found no significant difference in the primary outcome state anxiety at 6 weeks, with mean 31.9 (sd 10.2) intervention, 34.0 (10.2) control; mean difference 2.1 (95%CI -0.9, 5.0; P=0.17). There was significantly reduced state anxiety at 6 weeks in the intervention group, in the subgroup of participants with moderate/high anxiety at enrolment (103/200, 52%), with mean 33.0 (sd 9.3) intervention, 37.8 (sd 10.0) control; mean difference 4.8 (95% CI 0.9, 8.7; P=0.016; Cohen's d effect size 0.50). The psychological intervention also reduced risk perception and salivary cortisol response (P=0.032; effect size 0.36).
Conclusion
We found evidence that a brief psychological intervention which incorporates accurate risk information may impact on anxiety, risk perception and physiological stress response in mothers of children with food allergy.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2voLrtS
Food allergy phenotypes: the key to personalized therapy
Abstract
Food allergies (FAs) are of increasing public health concern and are characterized by a large spectrum of diseases. Their diversity is well known for immunologic pathways (IgE, non-IgE mediated FAs), and natural history. Many other factors and patient characteristics are involved including type of food, exposure route, allergic comorbidities, gender, racial and ethnic backgrounds, co-factors and health conditions. Food allergen components and sensitization profiles are also involved in FA phenotypes. A new approach to chronic disorders based on the identification of phenotypes through extensive knowledge of all the complex components is also applicable to FAs and could lead towards integrative care management. Diagnostic biomarkers for FAs are emerging which also contribute to better care modalities. The aim of this article is to highlight current knowledge regarding the phenotypic diversity of FA. This review will focus on IgE-mediated FAs and how identifying phenotypes may help to better understand the pathophysiological complexity, improve diagnosis and lead to personalized treatment strategies.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2uq7D9H
Assessment of BRAF V600E mutation in pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis in tissue biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavages by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction
Abstract
The neoplastic nature of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is still debated. As the detection of BRAF V600E and MAP2K1 mutations in patients with PCLH is now considered for such assessment, the aim of our study was to evaluate digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in PCLH diagnosis. We retrospectively analyzed BRAFV600E detection in a cohort of 42 PCLH tissues and 18 bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) by ddPCR, immunohistochemistry, high-resolution melting PCR (HRM), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The presence of BRAFV600E mutation was assessed by at least two concordant techniques to further evaluate specificity and sensitivity of each method. The BRAF V600E mutation prevalence was detected in 18 out of 41 cases by ddPCR, 10 out of 36 cases by HRM PCR, and 16 out of 31 cases by NGS. BRAFV600E immunohistochemistry sensitivity was 94%, and specificity was 79%. HRM PCR sensitivity was only 59%, and specificity was 100%. NGS sensitivity and specificity were 100% for interpretable cases (n = 31), but in 11 cases, this technique was non-contributive. The analysis of BAL samples by ddPCR revealed a BRAFV600E mutation both in tissue and in BAL samples in one patient, a wild-type status both in tissue and in BAL samples in two patients, and a wild-type BRAF status in BAL and a BRAFV600E mutation in tissue samples in four patients. The study supports the usefulness of ddPCR for BRAF status assessment in either tissue or BAL samples to increase the accuracy of PLCH diagnosis.
http://ift.tt/2tdNRz5
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for wound dehiscence after intraoral bone grafting in the non-irradiated patient: a case series.
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): M.H.J. Hollander, O. Boonstra, N.M. Timmenga, J. Schortinghuis
In maxillofacial surgery, hyperbaric oxygen treatment is almost exclusively used as an adjunctive therapy for osteoradionecrosis of the mandible in irradiated patients. It is also used to prevent the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis in the irradiated patient when dental surgery is indicated. Theoretically, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also benefit the non-irradiated patient in maxillofacial surgery. For example, patients with persistent intraoral wound dehiscences after bone grafting.In this case series we present 6 non-irradiated, patients who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy because of compromised wound healing after intraoral bone grafting of the maxilla as a pre-implantological procedure. All patients were treated between 7 and 26 times with hyperbaric oxygen therapy at 2,5 ATA. All patients healed uneventful. In retrospect, almost all patients had a history of chronic maxillary sinusitis or trauma to the operated area. In conclusion, hyperbaric oxygen therapy seems to be an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of the non-irradiated patients with compromised intraoral maxillary bonegraft healing. Chronic maxillary sinus problems or a previous history of trauma may predispose to wound dehiscence after bone grafting.
http://ift.tt/2upXSIy
A New Method for Stabilizing the Columellar Strut Used in Rhinoplasty: Trans-septal Columellar Stabilizing Suture
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Jae Yong Jeong, Hyeokjae Kwon, Yibo Piao, Sang-Ha Oh
PurposeIf minimal deformity or instability after columellar strut graft is present, it can be solved by the placing suture between the columella strut and caudal septum such as medial crura anchor suture and projection control suture. However, this is very tedious.MethodsWe designed the so-called trans-septal columellar stabilizing suture (TCSS) for management of the final tip projection and location and increasing stability after the CSG.ResultsTip projection and rotation could be carefully controlled by varying the position of the TCSS. In addition, TCSS provided increasing stability on columellar strut. It is not necessary to remove any prior suture, or the graft.ConclusionTCSS usefully controls the final positions and shapes of the tip and columella and provides stability to columellar strut after CSG. Furthermore, TCSS is so easy and time saving procedure.
http://ift.tt/2vodbPy
Erratum
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
http://ift.tt/2upNsZx
Erratum
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
http://ift.tt/2vo000P
Alternative Approach in Mandibular Reconstruction for Benign Disease
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2017
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Al Haitham Al Shetawi, Rui Fernandes
In recent years, there have been a paradigm shift in mandibular reconstruction, especially for benign disease, utilizing computer technologies to achieve improved cosmetic and functional outcomes. In this case series, we review our experience with computer-guided planning to achieve improved aesthetics. We also review the current literature on the recent advances.
http://ift.tt/2upHQyJ
Long-term evaluation of single-puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis in patients with unilateral temporomandibular disorders
Publication date: Available online 13 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): M.F. Şentürk, D. Yıldırım, E. Bilgir, Y. Fındık, T. Baykul
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the single-puncture arthrocentesis (SPA) technique. Forty-two patients with unilateral temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) were treated by SPA. Thirty-eight of these patients completed 1–24 months of follow-up (short-term group) and 21 completed 11 months or longer of follow-up (long-term group). The two groups were evaluated statistically for pain (visual analogue scale), maximum mouth opening, lateral excursion, and protrusion. Both follow-up duration groups showed significant improvements when compared to baseline levels for almost all of the outcome variables (P<0.05). Single puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis is an effective treatment method over both the short and long term.
http://ift.tt/2tqpIR9
Characteristics of mandibular injuries caused by bullets and improvised explosive devices: a comparative study
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): S.Y.H. Bede, W.K. Ismael, D. Al-Assaf
The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in mandibular trauma caused by two mechanisms for the delivery of missile injuries: firearms and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The data investigated included sex, age, mechanism of injury, and other clinical and radiographic manifestations. Seventy consecutive patients, predominantly male, with a mean age of 28.6±14 years (range 2–60 years) were enrolled: 38 patients (54.3%) sustained mandibular fractures caused by bullet injuries and 32 patients (45.7%) had mandibular fractures caused by IED explosion injuries. The study revealed that the differences in most of the investigated variables were not statistically significant; the only significant differences were the incidence of trauma to other body regions and the presence of retained foreign bodies. The effect on the mandible of IED explosion resembles that of bullets. Bullet injuries are associated with a relatively higher number of mandibular sites involved and more bilateral fractures, in addition to more extensive bone loss. IEDs, on the other hand, cause more multisystem injuries and result in more retained foreign bodies.
http://ift.tt/2tUAySC
The bone lid technique in oral surgery: a case series study
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): S. Sivolella, G. Brunello, F. Fistarol, E. Stellini, C. Bacci
The aim of this case series study was to illustrate the bone lid technique implemented using piezoelectric surgery to access mandibular alveolar bone diseases and to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes. The technique was used to treat 21 consecutive patients with various conditions: cysts in six cases, impacted teeth with associated cysts in nine, keratocystic odontogenic tumours in three, impacted teeth in two, and an endodontic lesion in one. The bone lid was fashioned using piezoelectric surgery and a thin osteotomy insert. After the surgical procedure, the bone lid was replaced and fixed with miniplates. On clinical and radiological follow-up at 12 months, the outcome measures were bone lid integration and alveolar bone volume recovery. Any complications were also documented. The lesion and bone lid healed completely in 19 cases; one patient experienced permanent mild paresthesia and one experienced trauma-induced bone lid necrosis. Computed tomography volumetric analyses conducted on 11 cases indicated a mean recovery of 93.8% of the volume of bone lost. Based on healthy biological reasoning, the bone lid technique with piezoelectric surgery and rigid fixation may be considered a valid alternative to ostectomy for the purposes of bone tissue healing.
http://ift.tt/2tqN496
Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of midpalatal suture maturation in adults
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): F. Angelieri, L. Franchi, L.H.S. Cevidanes, J.R. Gonçalves, M. Nieri, L.M. Wolford, J.A. McNamara
The aim of this study was to evaluate midpalatal suture maturation in adults, as observed in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. CBCT scans from 78 subjects (64 female and 14 male, age range from 18 to 66 years) were evaluated. Midpalatal suture maturation was verified on the central cross-sectional axial slice in the superior–inferior dimension of the palate, using methods validated previously. Intra-examiner agreement was analyzed by weighted kappa test. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test whether sex and chronological age (adults <30 years or ≥30 years) could be used as a predictor for the maturational stages of the midpalatal suture. The majority of the adults presented a fused midpalatal suture in the palatine (stage D) and/or maxillary bones (stage E). However, the midpalatal suture was not fused in 12% of the subjects. Sex and chronological age were not significant predictors of the maturational stages of the midpalatal suture. The individual assessment of midpalatal suture maturation by way of CBCT images may provide reliable information critical to making the clinical decision between rapid maxillary expansion and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion for the treatment of maxillary atresia in adults.
http://ift.tt/2tUKRWX
Clinical significance of preoperative serum C-reactive protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): S. Acharya, J. Kale, K. Hallikeri, V. Anehosur, D. Arnold
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an index of systemic inflammation. However, CRP is not usually assessed preoperatively. Hence the study intended to evaluate the preoperative serum CRP levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and to analyse its relationship with the clinicopathologic characteristics. CRP values for 60 OSCCs and 30 healthy controls were evaluated using a CRP assessment kit and spectrophotometer. The Mann–Whitney U test, χ2 test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression were applied. The CRP ranged from 0.3 to 86mg/L in OSCCs. CRP was significantly higher in OSCCs than in controls. A raised CRP was seen in 70% of OSCCs. CRP in OSCCs was associated with clinical nodal status and lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P<0.05). CRP was significantly higher in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic group. The area under the ROC was 0.819. The best cut-off value for predicting LNM was 8.65mg/L for the CRP with 0.767 sensitivity and 0.767 specificity (P<0.05). The cut-off revealed a significant association with LNM. Raised CRP may predict LNM. The CRP levels regressed significantly in relation to LNM. CRP could offer prognostic information beyond staging and histology. Hence, CRP can be added as an extension to known clinicopathologic parameters to predict the prognosis in OSCCs.
http://ift.tt/2tqRVXX
Trials in head and neck oncology: Evolution of perioperative adjuvant therapy
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 72
Author(s): Joseph Zenga, Patrik Pipkorn, Douglas R. Adkins, Wade L. Thorstad, Brian Nussenbaum
http://ift.tt/2vnY9cp
Conditional relative survival of oral cavity cancer: Based on Korean Central Cancer Registry
Source:Oral Oncology, Volume 72
Author(s): Seung-Ki Min, Sung Weon Choi, Johyun Ha, Joo Yong Park, Young-Joo Won, Kyu-Won Jung
ObjectivesConditional relative survival (CRS) describes the survival chance of patients who have already survived for a certain period of time after diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Thus, CRS can complement the conventional 5-year relative survival, which does not consider the time patients have survived after their diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the 5-year CRS among Korean patients with oral cancer and the related risk factors.Materials and MethodsWe identified 15,329 oral cavity cancer cases with a diagnosis between 1993 and 2013 in the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The CRS rates were calculated according to sex, age, subsite, histology, and stage at diagnosis.ResultsThe 5-year relative survival was 57.2%, and further analysis revealed that the 5-year CRS increased during the first 2years and reached a plateau at 86.5% after 5years of survival. Women had better 5-year CRS than men after 5years of survival (90.0% vs. 83.3%), and ≤45-year-old patients had better 5-year CRS than older patient groups (93.3% vs. 86.4% or 86.7%). Subsite-specific differences in 5-year CRS were observed (tongue: 91% vs. mouth floor: 73.9%). Squamous cell carcinoma had a CRS of 87.3%, compared to 85.5% for other histological types. Localized disease had a CRS of 95.7%, compared to 87.3% for regional metastasis.ConclusionPatients with oral cavity cancer exhibited increasing CRS rates, which varied according to sex, age, subsite, histology, and stage at diagnosis. Thus, CRS analysis provides a more detailed perspective regarding survival during the years after the initial diagnosis or treatment.
http://ift.tt/2vnKylp
Oncolytic immunotherapy: unlocking the potential of viruses to help target cancer
Abstract
Oncolytic immunotherapy is a research area of cancer immunotherapy investigating the use of modified viruses to target cancer cells. A variety of different viral backbones (e.g., adenovirus, reovirus) with a diverse range of genetic modifications are currently being investigated for the treatment of a variety of cancers. The oncolytic virus that has advanced the furthest in clinical development is talimogene laherparepvec, a recombinant HSV-1 virus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In a phase 3 study in patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma, intralesional talimogene laherparepvec treatment resulted in a higher durable response rate compared with subcutaneous GM-CSF treatment (16.3 versus 2.1%; P < 0.001). Notably, responses were observed at uninjected lesions including visceral lesions, indicating a systemic antitumor response had occurred. Studies evaluating combination treatments involving oncolytic viruses and immunologic agents are ongoing. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action for oncolytic viruses and highlights select agents and combinations currently in development.
http://ift.tt/2tTCrPw
A novel study on association between untreated hearing loss and cognitive functions of older adults: Baseline non-verbal cognitive assessment results
Abstract
Background
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is highly prevalent in older adults and more than two-thirds above age 70 years suffer from ARHL. Recent studies have established a link between ARHL and cognitive impairment, however, most of the studies have used verbally loaded cognitive measures to investigate the association between ARHL and cognition. It is possible that due to hearing impairment, the elderly may experience difficulty in following verbal instructions or completing tasks that heavily rely on hearing during cognitive assessments. This may result in over-estimation of cognitive impairment in such individuals. This baseline cross-sectional study investigated the associations between untreated hearing loss and a number of cognitive functions using a battery of non-auditory cognitive tests. Further, association between hearing loss and psychological status of older adults was examined.
Study design
Prospective case-controlled study.
Methods
A total of 119 participants (54 males, M = 66.33 + 10.50 years; 65 females M = 61.51 + 11.46 years) were recruited. All participants completed a hearing assessment, a computerised test battery of non-auditory cognitive functions and the depression, anxiety and stress scale.
Results
Hierarchical multiple regression analysis results revealed that hearing thresholds significantly associated with the working memory (P<.05), paired associative learning scores (P<.05), depression (P <.001), and anxiety (P<.001) and stress (P<.001) scores. Analysis of covariance results revealed that participants with moderately-severe hearing loss performed significantly poorer in paired associative learning and working memory tasks and psychological function tests compared to those with normal hearing.
Conclusion
Results of the current study suggest a significant relationship between ARHL and both cognition and psychological status. Our results also have some implications for using non-verbal cognitive tests to evaluate cognitive functions in postlingually hearing impaired ageing adults, at least for those with more than moderately-severe levels of hearing loss.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2tqtvha
CATH-2 and LL-37 increase mannose receptor expression, antigen presentation and the endocytic capacity of chicken mononuclear phagocytes
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 90
Author(s): Marina D. Kraaij, Albert van Dijk, Henk P. Haagsman
Cathelicidins display in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities and are part of the innate immune system. Previously, we found that in ovo treatment with chicken cathelicidin CATH-2 partially protects young broilers against respiratory E. coli infection. To determine the cellular aspects of this protection, we investigated immunomodulatory effects of CATH-2 and the human cathelicidin LL-37 on primary chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Treatment of chicken PBMCs with L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 or LL-37 increased the percentage of mononuclear phagocytes, but decreased that of B cells. L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 treatment of chicken PBMCs also enhanced the expression levels of mannose receptor MRC1 and antigen presentation markers MHCII, CD40 and CD86 on mononuclear phagocytes, indicating increased antigen presentation capacity. Concomitantly, L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 neutralized LPS-induced cytokine production, while increasing the endocytic capacity.We conclude that L-CATH-2, D-CATH-2 and LL-37 can modulate the immune response of primary chicken immune cells by increasing mannose receptor expression, antigen presentation, endocytosis and neutralizing LPS-induced cytokine production and as a result augment activation of the adaptive immune system.
http://ift.tt/2t14FVW
IL-17RB enhances thyroid cancer cell invasion and metastasis via ERK1/2 pathway-mediated MMP-9 expression
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 90
Author(s): Lei Ren, Yapei Xu, Cong Liu, Shoujun Wang, Guijun Qin
IL-17RB, a member of the IL-17 receptor family that can be activated by IL-17B, has been proved to be involved in inflammatory diseases and cancers. However, the function of IL-17RB in thyroid cancer is still unknown. In this study, IL-17RB expression in thyroid cancer cell lines and tissues was examined by real-time PCR and western blot. The effects of IL-17RB on cell invasion and migration were determined by in vitro invasion and migration assays, while the effects of IL-17RB on cell metastasis were analyzed by in vivo experiments. The results showed that IL-17RB expression was upregulated in both thyroid cancer cells and tissues. IL–17B dose-dependently promoted the invasion, growth and migration of thyroid cancer cells, whereas knockdown of IL-17RB attenuated the effects of IL–17B in vitro. Moreover, IL-17RB was involved in the metastasis and growth of thyroid cancer cells in vivo. In addition, IL-17RB induced ERK1/2 activation and increased MMP-9 expression in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway blocked the IL-17RB-mediated thyroid cancer cell invasion and MMP-9 expression. Together, our findings demonstrate that IL-17RB can enhance thyroid cancer cell invasion and metastasis via ERK1/2 pathway-mediated MMP-9 expression, suggesting that IL-17RB may act as a potential therapeutic target for thyroid cancer therapy.
http://ift.tt/2ukbhCE
Editorial Board/ Publication Information
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 88
http://ift.tt/2ujXjAC
Tumor programmed cell death ligand 1 expression correlates with nodal metastasis in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Binding of tumor-expressed programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) surface receptor blocks T-cell activation thereby leading to immune evasion. Tumor PD-L1 expression has been associated with poor outcome in a wide variety of cancers; however, data in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are scarce and conflicting.
http://ift.tt/2vnCQI8
Frontal fibrosing alopecia among men: A clinicopathologic study of 7 cases
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a lichen planopilaris–variant scarring alopecia that has rarely been described in men.
http://ift.tt/2up4fvQ
Reference values for skin microanatomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ex vivo studies
Few studies have characterized reference values of normal human skin microanatomy parameters.
http://ift.tt/2vnrwf9
Thyroid Surgery: To Drain or Not to Drain, That Is the Problem - A Randomized Clinical Trial
ORL 2017;79:202-211
http://ift.tt/2utwNVX
The reliability of flexible nasolaryngoscopy in the identification of vocal fold movement impairment in young infants
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): Yi-Chun Carol Liu, Tyler McElwee, Mary Musso, Tara L. Rosenberg, Julina Ongkasuwan
ObjectiveFlexible nasolaryngoscopy (FNL) is considered the gold standard for evaluation of vocal fold mobility but there has been no data on the reliability of interpretation in the infant population. Visualization may be limited by excessive movement, secretions, or floppy supraglottic structures that prevent accurate diagnosis of vocal fold movement impairment (VFMI). We sought to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of FNL for the evaluation of VFMI in young infants.Study typeCase-control.MethodsTwenty infants were identified: 10 with VFMI and 10 normal as seen on FNL. Three pediatric otolaryngologists reviewed the video without sound and rated the presence and/or degree of vocal fold mobility. Twelve videos were repeated to assess intra-rater reliability.ResultsThere was substantial agreement between the reviewers regarding the identification normal vs. any type of VFMI (kappa = 0.67) but only moderate agreement regarding the degree of vocal fold movement (kappa = 0.49). Intra-rater reliability ranges from moderate to perfect agreement (kappa = 0.48–1).ConclusionFNL in infants is an extremely challenging procedure. Clinically, physicians frequently use the quality of the cry and the past medical and surgical history to help make a judgment of vocal fold movement when the view is suboptimal. These other factors, however, may bias the interpretation of the FNL. Without sound, there is only moderate inter-rater and variable intra-rater reliability for the identification of degree of movement on FNL. Otolaryngologists must be cognizant of the limitations of FNL when using it as a clinical tool or as a "gold standard" against which other modalities are measured.
http://ift.tt/2t0TPPw
Formula for the prediction of apnea / hypopnea index in children with obstructive sleep apnea without polysomnography according to the clinical parameters: Is it reliable?
Publication date: September 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 100
Author(s): Zlatko Kljajić, Željka Roje, Kristijan Bečić, Vesna Čapkun, K. Vilović, Petar Ivanišević, Eugenija Marušić
Purpose of the studyThe aim of the study was to propose "the risk formula" for obstructive sleep apnea in children according to the general and local clinical parameters and findings relevant for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. The unmet need for this formula arises from the economic burden of polysomnography (device, staff, training, special sleep centers, etc) as the golden standard for the diagnostics.Materials and methods usedThe study was performed from January 2013 until January 2016 in the Sleep Center, Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine of the University of Split, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Split, Croatia and ENT Dept. University Hospital in Split, Croatia. Inclusion criteria were: age > two years, AHI >1 diagnosed by polysomnography. Exclusion criteria were: chronic lung disease, active tonsillitis/pharyngitis at the time of the physical exam and syndromes that affect breathing. All polysomnograms were scored by a qualified sleep technologist and interpreted by two board certified sleep physicians independently. Age, sex, BMI, Mallampati score, tonsillar size and adenoids size were recorded. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 20.ResultsIn total 60 children were included in the study. The median of age was 5 years (range 2–9). There were 19 (32%) girls and 41 (68%) boys.Of all evaluated predictors, there were statistically significant differences in the values of AHI among children with different modified Mallampati score (χ2 = 28.2; p < 0.001), different size of tonsils (χ2 = 25.3; p < 0.001) and different size of adenoids (z = 2.7; p = 0,006) in univariate regression analysis. Strong positive association of AHI with modified Mallampati score (standardized B = 0.51; partial correlation = 0.542, r = 0.631) was found, as well as positive correlation of AHI with tonsillar size (standardized B = 0.246; partial correlation = 0.295,R = 0.489) in the multivariate forward stepwise regression analysis.ConclusionEven though we are aware that PSG is the gold standard for diagnostics of SDB there is a significant financial burden for this diagnostic procedure. That is why there is a necessity for establishing good clinical standards and possible formula for OSA severity evaluation. We propose formula which includes Mallampati score and tonsillar size for OSA -risk calculation in order to perform early therapeutic intervention thereby reducing the risk of long-term negative consequences. We recommend this formula as the screening formula in circumstances where PSG is not available, in cases when the "waiting list" is too long or when a child can not cooperate to perform it.In developing countries like Croatia on time intervention with reduced procedure–associated costs is of the utmost importance.
http://ift.tt/2ukhs9B
Physical Models and Virtual Reality Simulators in Otolaryngology
The increasing role of simulation in the medical education of future otolaryngologists has followed suit with other surgical disciplines. Simulators make it possible for the resident to explore and learn in a safe and less stressful environment. The various subspecialties in otolaryngology use physical simulators and virtual-reality simulators. Although physical simulators allow the operator to make direct contact with its components, virtual-reality simulators allow the operator to interact with an environment that is computer generated. This article gives an overview of the various types of physical simulators and virtual-reality simulators used in otolaryngology that have been reported in the literature.
http://ift.tt/2tprxOc