Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults in Guangzhou, southern China Via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children, and mediates substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised globally. Development a safe and effective RSV vaccine and an optimized neutralizing antibody (NAb) with strong virus-neutralizing activity is appealing. To gain some detailed knowledge on the humoral immune response to RSV subgroup A (RSV-A) and RSV-B, we investigated the seroprevalence of pre-existing NAbs by using the microneutralization assay in healthy adult from Guangzhou, southern China. We found that the overall seropositive rate was 84.86% for anti-RSV NAbs. Furthermore, the seropositive rates were 68.47% and 73.61% for anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs, respectively. In addition, although the seropositive rates and NAb levels were not associated with the blood type, type AB individuals displaying higher seropositive rates for anti-RSV-A NAbs with hi gh titer (≥ 288) and anti-RSV-B NAbs, especially those with moderate titer (≥ 72-< 288). The seropositive rates and titers were comparable between anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs in the AB blood type group. Interestingly, only when the NAb titer of the serum to RSV-A was not less than 288, was it not less than 18 to RSV-B, and vice versa. These results would be helpful for a better understanding of the human serum NAb responses to RSV-A and RSV-B. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cell pyroptosis in picornavirus and its potential for treating viral infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cell pyroptosis in picornavirus and its potential for treating viral infection Via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Cell pyroptosis has received increased attention due to the associations between innate immunity and disease, and it has become a major focal point recently due to in-depth studies of cancer. With increased research on pyroptosis, scientists have discovered that it has an essential role in viral infections, especially in the occurrence and development of some picornavirus infections. Many picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus, a71 enterovirus, human rhinovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus induce pyroptosis to varying degrees. This review summarized the mechanisms by which these viruses induce cell pyroptosis, which can be an effective defense against pathogen infection. However, excessive inflammasome activation or pyroptosis also can damage the host's health or aggravate disease progression. Careful approaches that acknowledge this dual effect will aid in the exploration of picornavirus infections and the mechanisms that produce the inflammatory response. This information will promote the development of drugs that can inhibit cell pyroptosis and provide new avenues for future clinical treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines during the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines during the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant Via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background We evaluated effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines following emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Methods Recipients of a third dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 ≥ 180 days after the primary series were matched to primary series recipients and unvaccinated persons. Participants were followed from December 1, 2021 to March 12, 2022. Outcomes were documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19 death. Effectiveness was calculated from 100-day risks estimated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 groups respectively included 221,267 and 187,507 third dose recipients matched to equal numbers of primary series recipients and unvaccinated persons. Compared to no vaccination, effectiveness of a third dose of BNT162b2 was 47.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.2-50.3), 81.8% (95% CI 79.2-84.2), and 89.6% (95% CI 85.0-93.6) against documented infection, hospitalizat ion, and death, respectively. Effectiveness of a third dose of BNT162b2 compared to the primary series was 30.1% (95% CI 26.2-33.7), 61.4% (95% CI 55.0-67.1), and 78.8% (95% CI 67.9-87.5) against documented infection, hospitalization, and death, respectively.Effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 compared to no vaccination was 61.9% (95% CI 59.4-64.4), 87.9% (95% CI 85.3-90.2), and 91.4% (95% CI 86.4-95.6) against documented infection, hospitalization, and death, respectively. Effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 compared to the primary series was 37.1% (95% CI 32.2-41.7), 63.5% (95% CI 53.7-71.6), and 75.0% (95% CI 55.4-88.0) against documented infection, hospitalization, and death, respectively. Conclusions BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 were effective against COVID-19 following emergence of Omicron variant. A third dose provided additional protection over the primary series. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Rab22a promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma via up-regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Rab22a promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma via up-regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway Via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 27 April 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Jinping Wang, Xue Luo, Jinxi Lu, Xi Wang, Yuan Miao, Qingchang Li, Liang Wang View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The intrinsic and microenvironmental features of diffuse midline glioma; implications for the development of effective immunotherapeutic treatment strategies

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The intrinsic and microenvironmental features of diffuse midline glioma; implications for the development of effective immunotherapeutic treatment strategies Via Neuro-Oncology Advance Access Abstract Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), including those of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma), are pediatric tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Recognized as the most lethal of all childhood cancers, palliative radiotherapy remains the only proven treatment option, however, even for those that respond, survival is only temporarily extended. DMG harbor an immunologically 'cold' tumor microenvironment (TME) with few infiltrating immune cells. The mechanisms underpinning the cold TME are not well understood. Low expression levels of immune checkpoint proteins, including PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4, are recurring features of DMG and likely contribute to the lack of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The unique epigenetic signatures (including stem cell-like methylation patterns), a low tumor mutational burden, and recurring somatic mutations (H3K27M, TP53, ACVR1, MYC and PIK3CA), possibly play a role in the reduced efficacy of traditional immunotherapies. Therefore, to circumvent the lack of efficacy thus far seen for the use of ICIs, adoptive cell transfer (including chimeric antigen receptor T cells) and the use of oncolytic viruses, are currently being evaluated for the treatment of DMG. It remains an absolute imperative that we improve our understanding of DMG's intrinsic and TME features if patients are to realize the potential benefits offered by these sophisticated treatments. Herein, we summarize the limitations of immunotherapeutic approaches, highlight the emerging safety and clinical efficacy shown for sophisticated cell-based therapies, as well as the evolving knowledge underpinning the DMG-immune axis, to guide in the development of immunotherapies that we hope will improve outcomes. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid carrying angiogenic peptide prevents bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by promoting angiogenesis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Tetrahedral framework nucleic acid carrying angiogenic peptide prevents bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by promoting angiogenesis Via International Journal of Oral Science - Issue International Journal of Oral Science, Published online: 27 April 2022; doi:10.1038/s41368-022-00171-7 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Usability Experience of a Personal Sleep Monitoring Device to Self-manage Sleep Among Persons 65 Years or Older With Self-reported Sleep Disturbances

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Usability Experience of a Personal Sleep Monitoring Device to Self-manage Sleep Among Persons 65 Years or Older With Self-reported Sleep Disturbances Via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Increasingly, persons with self-reported health symptoms are using mobile health technologies to better understand, validate, and manage their symptoms. These off-the-shelf devices primarily utilize actigraphy to estimate sleep and activity. The purpose of this study was to describe qualitatively the experience of using a personal sleep monitoring device for sleep self-management in adults 65 years or older with self-reported sleep disturbances. This study followed a hybrid qualitative design using deductive and emergent coding derived from open-ended interviews (n = 25) after a period of 4 weeks using a wearable personal sleep monitoring device. Results expanded existing theoretical models on usability with the theme of personal meaning in the interaction between health and self-monitoring technology that were associated with age and technology use, privacy, and capability. Future studies for sleep health self-management and personally tailored interventions using personal sleep monitoring devices should continue to collect qualitative information in extending the understanding of user experience across different symptom clusters, such as sleep disturbances, that manifest more commonly in older age populations. This research is important for application in the use of mobile health technologies for nursing led health self-management interventions. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.