Histomorphometric characterization of subgemmal neurogenous plaques

Publication date: Available online 9 January 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Ana Carolina Amorim Pellicioli, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Rodrigo Neves Silva, Luiz Alcino Monteiro Gueiros, Oslei Paes de Almeida, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, Helder Antonio Rebelo Pontes, Manoela Domingues Martins, Vinícius Coelho Carrard, Alan Roger dos Santos Silva
ObjectivesCharacterize the histomorphometric features of subgemmal neurogenous plaques (SNPs) to better understand their relationship to surrounding microanatomy included in within the tissue biopsy samples of the tongue.Study designA 12-year retrospective study on the files of 3 oral pathology centers retrieved 28 cases of SNPs. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used to histological analysis, whereas immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein was performed to better characterize the neural structures. Slides were scanned and histomorphometric analysis carried out using ImageScope software.ResultsTwenty-one women (75%) and seven (21.4%) men comprised the sample with a mean age of 46.4 and 49 years, respectively. According to the morphological characterization, 20 (71,4%) cases were juxtaposed to the tongue epithelium and 16 (57,1%) cases were associated with lymphoid tissue. The mean area of the SNPs was 0.160 mm² and the mean distance to the overlying epithelium was 0.311 mm.ConclusionSNPs are normal neural structures located on the posterior border of the tongue that represent a non-neoplastic regional anatomical variation. In some cases, signs or symptoms might be present and further investigation should be performed. Pathologists should be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosis with neural lesions.



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Rectal Bleeding and Abdominal Pain Following Vaccination in a 4-Month-Old Infant

Intussusception is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal obstruction in infants. Rotavirus vaccination has been associated with intussusception in the medical literature. We report a case of a 4-month-old female with intussusception requiring hemicolectomy one week following rotavirus vaccination. We review the pathophysiology, presentation, and management of intussusception with a distinct focus on the history of rotavirus vaccination and risks of intussusception associated with timing of rotavirus vaccine administration. The discussion makes a strong case for rotavirus vaccine counseling regarding signs of intestinal obstruction and the importance of early recognition.

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Influence of temporary nasal occlusion (tNO) on epistaxis frequency in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of temporary nasal occlusion (tNO) with hypoallergenic tape on the frequency and severity of epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). This prospective observational study included 20 HHT patients who were undergoing Nd:YAG laser therapy at regular intervals. Over a 3-month period, laser therapy was supplemented by tNO with hypoallergenic tape for 5 h/day on average. On a 0–10 numeric rating scale, the patients reported significantly greater satisfaction in epistaxis terms after tNO treatment, with mean scores of 5 before and 7 after 3-month tNO (p = 0.05). The Epistaxis Severity Score also fell significantly from a median of 3.59–2.43 after 3-month tNO compared with laser therapy alone (p = 0.01). The patients' hemoglobin levels remained stable during the study (median: 12.2 g/dL before tNO; median: 11.7 g/dL after tNO; p = 0.387). Overall, the present study confirms the positive influence of tNO on epistaxis in HHT patients and on subjective satisfaction. This simple and inexpensive strategy is therefore a helpful option, especially in addition to regular Nd:YAG laser therapy, and is recommended by the authors.

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A novel technique of delivering viral vectors to trigeminal ganglia in rats

The objective of this study was to develop a viable and reliable technique of delivering viral vectors to rat trigeminal ganglia. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (200–300 g) were used, and lentiviral vectors containing enhanced green fluorescence protein and calcitonin gene-related peptide short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were generated. Following general anesthesia, viral vectors were delivered to rat trigeminal ganglia using the technique described in this study. Both X-ray and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were employed to verify the position of the needles when injecting the vectors. In vivo fluorescence imaging and immunostaining against enhanced green fluorescence protein were performed to determine the success of viral transduction.The levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide in trigeminal ganglia were determined using real-time PCR, and pain levels following injections were evaluated using the Rat Grimace Scale. Our results show that injection needles can be advanced precisely at the trigeminal fossa and that viral vectors can successfully transduce trigeminal ganglia. Moreover, the levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide at trigeminal ganglia were down-regulated on day 7 after viral transduction. Pain levels returned to baseline by day 7 following injection. Therefore, we suggest that our trigeminal ganglion-targeting technique could be used for delivering genes or drugs to rat trigeminal ganglia.

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Effect of mold diameter on the depth of cure of a resin-based composite material

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mold diameter on depth of cure of a resin-based composite material for varying amounts of irradiation. A resin-based composite was light-cured for 10–80 s in stainless-steel molds of either 6 mm or 4 mm in diameter and then dark-stored for 24 h. Specimens were then scraped back and the length of the cured specimens was measured to provide depth of cure (D_SB). Radiant exposure to each of the mold diameters was determined by measuring the power. The D_SB values using the 4-mm molds were lower than those of the 6-mm molds. The average difference between the two groups for each irradiation time was 0.45 ± 0.02 mm. A fixed depth of cure required about 39% more irradiation time for the 4-mm mold than for the 6-mm mold but 75% more radiant exposure. The difference in cure depth for a fixed radiant exposure was 0.79 mm. A better comparison of depth of cure is obtained by using identical radiant exposures for different mold diameters. It is believed that greater loss of light by absorption at the stainless-steel cylinder walls for the 4-mm-diameter cylinders accounts for the lower depth of cure when compared with the 6-mm molds.

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Akne und Rosazea in der Schwangerschaft

Zusammenfassung

Akne und Rosazea sind häufige, chronisch entzündliche Hauterkrankungen. Diese können sich in der Schwangerschaft verschlechtern oder dabei erstmals auftreten. Zum Verlauf beider Erkrankungen während der Schwangerschaft gibt es für die Rosazea keine, für die Akne wenige Daten. Bis zu 42 % der Schwangeren sollen eine Akne aufweisen. In etwa 90 % bestand die Akne schon vor der Schwangerschaft, war aber bei etwa einem Drittel der Frauen zwischenzeitlich abgeheilt und trat dann erneut auf. Bei 60 % der Schwangeren soll sich die Akne in der Schwangerschaft verschlechtert haben. Kontrollierte Studien zur Behandlung von Akne/Rosazea in der Schwangerschaft gibt es nicht. In diesem Beitrag werden die Empfehlungen der aktuellen Leitlinien zur Behandlung dieser Erkrankungen modifiziert dargestellt. So können wirksame Behandlungen der Erkrankungen ohne erhöhtes Risiko für Embryo/Fetus ausgewählt werden.

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Management Challenges in a Child with Chronic Hyponatremia: Use of V2 Receptor Antagonist

Chronic hyponatremia is very rare in children and is often seen in the setting of congestive heart failure or liver failure in adults. Here, we report an 8-year-old child with hypothalamic glioma who presented with severe hyponatremia. Initial management consisted of fluid restriction. This was very difficult for the child to follow and the child developed bizarre drinking habits requiring intervention from child psychiatry. So therapy was initiated with low dose V2 receptor antagonist under close inpatient monitoring. While initial response was reassuring, her sodium levels tended to drift down with longer duration of treatment requiring us to increase the dose frequently. Her response to therapy and her stable clinical situation off therapy suggest that she may have reset osmostat.

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