Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese children: A multicenter retrospective study over 7 years

Abstract

Background

To determine the prevalence of resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, and furazolidone in Helicobacter pylori isolated from Chinese children.

Materials and Methods

This multicenter retrospective study was conducted from January 2009 to December 2015. A total of 1746 isolates of H. pylori were collected from nine areas of Zhejiang province in the southeast coastal region of China. H. pylori strains were examined for antibiotics susceptibility by agar dilution method.

Results

The resistance rates were 75.20% for metronidazole, 16.38% for clarithromycin, 6.70% for levofloxacin, 0.06% for amoxicillin, and 0.06% for furazolidone. The pattern of H. pylori antibiotic resistance demonstrated no significant changes in the rates of resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, furazolidone, and metronidazole over 7 years. A significant trend of increasing resistance to metronidazole was observed as children aged, but a downward trend in clarithromycin resistance was observed as children aged. No difference in the resistance to other antibiotics was observed among different age groups. Also, there was no significant difference between male and female subjects in rates of resistance to these five types of antibiotics. The predominant dual resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin was presented in 10.65% of the isolates.

Conclusions

The resistance rates of H. pylori in children from southeast coastal region of China were very high to metronidazole, moderate to clarithromycin and levofloxacin, and low to amoxicillin and furazolidone. It is important to continue monitoring the resistance profiles of H. pylori isolated in this region.

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Contemporary migration patterns in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review

Abstract

Background

A rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review.

Methods

We searched PubMed^® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first-generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide.

Results

A total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second- or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first-generation migrants.

Conclusions

Our study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.

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Efficacy and tolerability of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in combination with systemic antifungal agents for onychomycosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Abstract

The efficacy and safety of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in combination with systemic antifungal agents in the treatment of the onychomycosis were evaluated. According to our meta-analysis, combination treatment of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer and systemic antifungals can result in higher percentage of complete clearance of onychomycosis. It showed that the experimental combination group was more effective than monotherapy of the systemic antifungals [OR (odds ratio) = 1.97, 95%CI (95% confidence interval) = 1.44–2.69], and no more adverse events happened with the addition of amorolfine 5% nail lacquer (OR = .96, 95%CI = .56–1.63, p = .95). This effect strengthens the fact that amorolfine 5% nail lacquer in combination with systemic antifungal agents was better than the monotherapy of systemic antifungals like itraconazole and terbinafine.

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Alveolar sarcoma of the parapharyngeal space: A case report

Publication date: Available online 17 January 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Sarina Navarro, Jose F. Carrillo, Dorian Yarih Garcia Ortega, Kuauhyama Luna-Ortiz




http://ift.tt/2jmPjH5

Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the nasal cavity in a woman

Publication date: Available online 17 January 2017
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Emili Navalón-Ramon, Tomàs Pérez-Garrigues, Pascual Meseguer-Garcia, Tomàs Pérez-Carbonell




http://ift.tt/2jvGGMU

Development of actinobacterial resources for functional cosmetics

Summary

Background

Actinobacteria usually produce different functional compounds for various applications.

Objective

The aim of this research was to develop actinobacterial resources through the isolation and identification of soil bacteria with antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory activities for cosmetics application.

Methods

Soil bacteria were isolated and tested for antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis using the spotting method. Isolates exhibiting antibacterial activities were assayed for tyrosinase inhibition, elastase inhibition, and free radical scavenging activity.

Results

Twelve actinobacterial strains were found to inhibit the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis. Among them, ten were from the genus Streptomyces and the other two were from the genera Actinokineospora and Calidifontibacter, and potentially represented novel species. For tyrosinase inhibition activities, when compared with arbutin (IC₅₀=47.84±0.36 μg mL⁻¹), strain T65 had similar activity with an IC₅₀ value of 49.05±3.29 μg mL⁻¹. For elastase inhibition, strains T65, T811, and R311 had similar activities with IC₅₀ values of 10.78±1.88 μg mL⁻¹, 10.19±0.82 μg mL⁻¹, and 10.19±2.1 μg mL⁻¹, respectively, which had similar inhibitory activity to the IC₅₀ value of the standard oleanolic acid (8.94±1.38 μg mL⁻¹). For DPPH radical scavenging activities, two strains, R311 and T327, with IC₅₀ values of 6.11±1.17 μg mL⁻¹ and 5.25±0.93 μg mL⁻¹, respectively, had slightly lower activities than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀=4.08±0.03 μg mL⁻¹).

Conclusion

Among twelve strains of actinobacteria, the most effective strains were selected for the inhibition of both P. acnes and S. epidermidis as well as for enzyme activities. Actinobacterial strains isolated in this study could be used to produce active metabolites for cosmetics applications.

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Keratosis Obturans: A Disease of the Tropics?

Abstract

Keratosis obturans appears to be an obscure and relatively uncommon entity, even in literature search of journals and reference texts, so much so that there is not even any prevalence or incidence statistics available. However, the condition did not appear to be as uncommon based on our clinical observations. We have managed to obtain 64 patients representing 67 ears with keratosis obturans in our study period of about 18 months with a pattern of occurrence during this period. Humid weather seemed to play a role in the frequency of its appearance during certain period in our observation. There also appears to be a correlation between the severity of symptoms (predominantly pain and hearing loss) and the presenting appearance of the condition, i.e., presence or absence of granulation tissue, as well as that the degree of difficulty in exenteration of the keratosis obturans (matrix and content) depending on the expansion of the bony canal. Our figures showed the majority of the patients are females and young individuals, the majority of them occur unilaterally. The condition also appear to stop short of involving the tympanic membrane with only the bony canal being expanded with the surrounding oedema creating an apparent "canal stenosis".

http://ift.tt/2iKfR6m