Practicality analysis of the staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma: A multicenter study of 446 surgical cases in Japan

The Objective of this study was to assess the practicality of the cholesteatoma staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society (JOS) for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (the 2010 JOS staging system).

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Protective effect of an astaxanthin nanoemulsion against neomycin-induced hair-cell damage in zebrafish

Degeneration of the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear sensory epithelia is the main cause of deafness. Hair cells are commonly lost through drug-and noise-induced trauma, as well as aging. Many recent studies have reported that the cause of damage to these hair cells is oxidative stress due to free radicals. In particular, hair cells are very susceptible to aminoglycosides [1]. Antioxidants reduce the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals, and various antioxidants have been marketed, with different dosage forms available for each agent.

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Subepithelial rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor – the use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration to establish a definitive cytological diagnosis: a case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is the most common location to be affected, and the rectum one of the rarest, but the...

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Characterizations of CD4-1, CD4-2 and CD8β T cell subpopulations in peripheral blood leucocytes, spleen and head kidney of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 85
Author(s): Jing Xing, Junjie Ma, Xiaoqian Tang, Xiuzhen Sheng, Wenbin Zhan
In the previous study, antibodies against CD3 molecule have been produced and were used in labeling T cells in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In this paper, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes subpopulations in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL), spleen and head kidney of flounder were investigated. The flounder CD4-1, CD4-2 and CD8β recombinant proteins and their antibodies (Abs) were produced, then the cross-reactivity of the Abs to CD4-1, CD4-2 and CD8β was detected by Western blotting, respectively, and the reactions of Abs to PBL were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining (IFS) and flow cytometry (FCM). CD4-1⁺/CD3⁺, CD4-2⁺/CD3⁺, and CD8β⁺/CD3⁺ lymphocytes in PBL, spleen and head kidney were observed by double IFS, then their proportions were analyzed using two-color FCM, respectively. Further, CD4-1/CD8β, CD4-2/CD8β, or CD4-1/CD4-2 lymphocytes were analyzed using double-IFS and two-color FCM. Finally, CD4-1⁺, CD4-2⁺, and CD8β⁺ lymphocytes in spleen and head kidney were observed by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the Abs were specific for CD4-1, CD4-2 and CD8β molecules, respectively. The proportions of CD4-1⁺/CD3⁺, CD4-2⁺/CD3⁺, and CD8β⁺/CD3⁺ lymphocytes were 6.7±2.0%, 8.6±2.8%, 2.1±1.3% in PBL; 13.6±3.6%, 15.6±5.2%, 2.8±1.4% in spleen; 20.0±4.6%, 20.5±4.6%, 3.2±1.5% in head kidney, respectively. Most CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cell subpopulations belonged to CD3⁺ cells; there were no cross-reactivity between CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ cells. CD4-1⁺/CD4-2⁻, CD4-1⁻/CD4-2⁺, and CD4-1⁺/CD4-2⁺ cells presented different proportions in PBL, spleen and head kidney, among them, CD4-1⁺/CD4-2⁺ cell is the majority of CD4T cell subpopulation.



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Posterior Cord Syndrome and Trace Elements Deficiency as an Uncommon Presentation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Diarrhea is one of the most common symptoms in common variable immunodeficiency, but neurologic manifestations are rare. We presented a 50-year-old woman with recurrent diarrhea and severe weight loss that developed a posterior cord syndrome. Endoscopy found a duodenal villous blunting, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and lack of plasma cells and magnetic resonance imaging of the spine was normal. Laboratory assays confirmed common variable immunodeficiency syndrome and showed low levels of trace elements (copper and zinc). Treatment was initiated with parenteral replacement of trace elements and intravenous human immunoglobulin and the patient improved clinically. In conclusion, physicians must be aware that gastrointestinal and neurologic disorders may be related to each other and remember to request trace elements laboratory assessment.

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Anti-K1 (Kell) Antibody Expressed in Maternal Breastmilk: A Case Report of a Neonate with Multiple Intrauterine Transfusions and Postnatal Exposure to Kell Antibody in Maternal Breastmilk

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is a common consideration in newborn medicine, especially among the jaundiced. Maternal breastmilk provides numerous benefits to the infant, including nutrition and immunologic factors. Here, we present an infant who received three intrauterine transfusions for anemia secondary to anti-K1 (Kell), anti-C, and anti-e antibodies and whose maternal breastmilk tested positive for anti-Kell antibodies. The infant required another transfusion at 4 weeks of life for anemia. We review the pathophysiology of anti-Kell antibodies, the immunology of breast milk, and the intersection of these two topics.

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Toothpick inside the Common Bile Duct: A Case Report and Literature Review

The incidence and prevalence of foreign body (FB) ingestion are difficult to estimate. Unlike other foreign bodies, the ingestion of a toothpick is very uncommon and carries high morbidity and mortality rates. We report a case of a 73-year-old female patient presenting mid-term epigastric pain. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a slightly dilated common bile duct (CBD) and magnetic resonance showed an irregular filling failure in distal CBD and gallstones. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography revealed major papilla on the edge of a diverticulum and confirmed the distal filling failure. After sphincterotomy, a partially intact toothpick was extracted from the CBD. Neither fistulas nor perforation signs were found. Literature related to foreign bodies and toothpick ingestion was reviewed and some hypotheses to explain the reported case were created. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a toothpick lodged inside the biliary tract.

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