Inflammatory Marker Analysis in Psoriatic Skin Under topical Phospodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Treatment

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Lennart M. Roesner, Petra Kienlin, Gabriele Begemann, Oliver Dittrich-Breiholz, Thomas Werfel

Teaser

Topical formulations of the two PDE4i roflumilast and TAK-084 lead to a reduction of inflammatory markers and infiltrating cells in psoriatic lesional skin.


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ImmunoCAP cellulose displays cross-reactive carbohydrate (CCD) epitopes and can cause false-positive test results in patients with high anti-CCD IgE antibody levels

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Wolfgang Hemmer, Friedrich Altmann, Friedrich Holzweber, Clemens Gruber, Felix Wantke, Stefan Wöhrl
RationaleCross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) in plants and insect venoms are a common cause of irrelevant positive test results during in-vitro allergy diagnosis. We observed that some CCD-positive sera show non-specific IgE-binding even with CCD-free recombinant allergens when using the Phadia ImmunoCAP platform.ObjectiveWe investigated if cellulose used as allergen carrier in the ImmunoCAP harbors residual N-glycans causing non-specific background-binding in CCD-positive sera.MethodsIgE binding to six samples of blank ImmunoCAPs coupled with either streptavidin (SA-CAP 1-2) or non-allergenic maltose-binding protein (MBP-CAP 1-4) and to a panel of four recombinant allergens was compared in CCD-positive sera before and after inhibition with a CCD inhibitor (MUXF-HSA).ResultsOut of 52 CCD-positive sera (bromelain 1.01-59.6 kUa/L) tested on SA-CAP-1, 35 (67%) showed IgE-binding greater than 0.35 kUa/L (0.41-4.22 kUa/L). Among those with anti-CCD IgE levels >7.0 kUa/L, 90% (26/29) were positive. IgE-binding to SA-CAP-1 correlated with IgE-binding to bromelain (r=0.68) and was completely abolished by serum pre-incubation with the CCD inhibitor (n=15). Binding scores with SA-CAP-2 and MBP-CAPs 1-4 were generally lower but strongly correlated with SA-CAP-1 and bromelain. IgE reactivity of 10 CCD-positive sera (14.0-52.5 kUa/L) with the recombinant allergens rPhl p12, rFel d1, rAra h2, and rPru p3 was positive to at least one allergen in 8/10 (0.36-1.63 kUa/L) and borderline in 2/10 (0.21-0.25 kUa/L). Binding correlated with antibody binding to bromelain (r=0.61) and to all blank ImmunoCAPs (r>0.90) and could be completely blocked by the CCD inhibitor. Overall, mean background-binding to cellulose CCDs corresponded to 2-3% of the reactivity seen with bromelain.ConclusionsCellulose used as a solid phase allergen carrier may contain varying amounts of CCDs sufficient to cause false-positive test results up to 2 kUa/L with non-glycosylated recombinant allergens in patients with high levels of anti-CCD IgE antibodies.

Teaser

Cellulose-based IgE assays may deliver false-positive test results of up to 2 kUa/L with recombinant allergens in strongly CCD-positive patient sera due to the presence of glycoproteins in the cellulose matrix.


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Expression of Semaphorin 3E Is Suppressed in Severe Asthma

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Hesam Movassagh, Lianyu Shan, Jamila Chakir, John F. McConville, Andrew J. Halayko, Latifa Koussih, Abdelilah S. Gounni
The level of a previously unknown mediator, Semaphorin 3E, is diminished in the airways of severe allergic asthmatic patients. This study suggests a potential role of Semaphorin3E in the pathogenesis of asthma severity.



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A short course of gamma-tocopherol mitigates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in humans ex vivo

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Allison J. Burbank, Charity G. Duran, Martha Almond, Heather Wells, Sha'Leema Jenkins, Qing Jiang, Chao Yang, Ting Wang, Haibo Zhou, Michelle L. Hernandez, David B. Peden

Teaser

Vitamin E, gamma-tocopherol (γT), possesses unique anti-inflammatory activities. A short course of γT supplementation in healthy adults reduced inflammatory cytokine production and gene expression following ex vivo LPS challenge of PBMCs.


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Pulmonary Inflammation in COPD Patients with Higher Blood Eosinophil Counts

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Umme Kolsum, Gautam Damera, Tuyet-Hang Pham, Thomas Southworth, Sarah Mason, Pradeep Karur, Paul Newbold, Dave Singh

Teaser

The different nature of airway inflammation in COPD patients with higher blood eosinophil counts supports the concept of eosinophilic COPD being a subgroup of patients with distinct characteristics.


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Phase 2 to Phase 3 Clinical Trial Transitions: Reasons for Success and Failure in Immunologic Diseases

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Dhavalkumar D. Patel, Christian Antoni, Steven J. Freedman, Marc C. Levesque, John S. Sundy




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Allergen-specific immunotherapy modulates the balance of circulating Tfh and Tfr cells

Publication date: Available online 12 May 2017
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Veronique Schulten, Victoria Tripple, Grégory Seumois, Yu Qian, Richard H. Scheuermann, Zheng Fu, Michela Locci, Sandy Rosales, Pandurangan Vijayanand, Alessandro Sette, Rafeul Alam, Shane Crotty, Bjoern Peters
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) are a CD4 T cell subset essential for germinal center formation and B cell responses, although their role in allergy and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is unclear. Here, we show that AIT-treated patients have a higher ratio of regulatory Tfh cells (Tfr) to follicular T cells (Tfh) and hypothesize an IL-2 dependent mechanism.



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