Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5
Άγιος Νικόλαος Κρήτη 72100
2841026182
6032607174

Τρίτη 20 Απριλίου 2021

Seltener Tumor im Oberlid

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Laryngorhinootologie
DOI: 10.1055/a-1475-5121



Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Therapie von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen: Eine Leitlinie ist längst überfällig

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Laryngorhinootologie
DOI: 10.1055/a-1408-7599

Für die Therapie von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen (SES) ist bislang weitgehend unklar, wie die Evidenz aus individueller therapeutischer Expertise in das klinisch-praktische Vorgehen integriert wird. Die Entwicklung einer Leitlinie zur Therapie von SES, insbesondere für Kindergarten- und Vorschulkinder, ist daher aus 2 Gründen längst überfällig und zugleich eine besondere Herausforderung: (1) SES, die nicht im Zusammenhang mit einer Komorbidität stehen, werden mit verschiedenen Termini belegt und (2) bilden alle SES eine Schnittstelle medizinischer, psychologischer, pädagogischer, linguistischer und sprachtherapeutischer Fachdisziplinen. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phoniatr ie und Pädaudiologie hat nun eine „Interdisziplinäre (S3-) Leitlinie zur Therapie von Sprachentwicklungsstörungen" (Register-Nr. 049–015) bei der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaftlicher Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften AWMF e. V. angemeldet. Damit soll die Lücke zwischen sprachtherapeutischer Praxis und Forschungsevidenz geschlossen werden, um für den individuellen Behandlungsfall eine möglichst optimale Therapieempfehlung bzw. Therapieentscheidung treffen zu können – basierend auf dem besten wissenschaftlich verfügbaren Fachwissen.
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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β-Ecdysone attenuates cartilage damage in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis via mediating FOXO1/ADAMTS-4/5 signaling axis

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Histol Histopathol. 2021 Apr 20:18341. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-341. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: β-Ecdysone has been reported to perform a protective effect to prevent interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced apoptosis and inflammatory response in chondrocytes. In our study, the chondroprotective effects of β-Ecdysone were explored in a mouse model of collagenase-induced osteoarthritis (OA).

METHODS: Injection of collagenase in the left knee was implemented to establish a mouse model of OA. The histomorphological analysis was detected using safranine O staining. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA assays. Protein expression in the femur and chondrocytes was analyzed using western blot. Chondrocyte apoptosis was evaluated by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.

RESULTS: Treatment of OA mice with β-Ecdysone supplementation significantly inhibited the pro duction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Histologic examination exhibited that the degradation of proteoglycans and the loss of trabecular bone were observed in collagenase-injected mice. However, OA-like changes were attenuated by β-Ecdysone administration in collagenase-injected mice. Both in vivo and in vitro models, nuclear forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) protein expression was significantly reduced in the femur of collagenase-treated mice and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. However, β-Ecdysone treatment was able to rescue FOXO1 protein expression in the nucleus to inhibit the transcription and translation of a disintegrin-like and metallopeptidase (reprolysin type) with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 4 (ADAMTS-4) and ADAMTS-5.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that β-Ecdysone functioned as a FOXO1 activator to protect collagenase-induced cartilage damage. FOXO1 might be a potential molecular target of β-Ecdysone for the effective prevention and treatment of OA.

PMID:33876419 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-341

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Prognostic Factors for the Outcome of Salivary Gland Holmium: YAG Laser Intraductal Lithotripsy

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Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Apr 20:1455613211010075. doi: 10.1177/01455613211010075. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Holmium: YAG laser has gained its popularity throughout the years and is used to treat sialolithiasis, which helps to overcome the limitations of traditional sialendoscopic lithotripsy for larger-sized salivary stones. However, little information is available regarding factors predicting the success rate of Holmium: YAG laser intraductal lithotripsy. T he purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the success rates of Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy for salivary stones treatment in a tertiary care hospital.

METHODS: A retrospective study conducted in patients receiving sialolithiasis surgery under sialendoscopy from May 2013 to March 2015 at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. Data on various factors, including patients' age, gender, glands, size of largest stone, multiple stones (≥2 stones), location of the stone (distal duct, middle duct, proximal duct, and hilum), and operative time. The success of the surgery defined as patients without any complaints such as swelling or tenderness. Logistic regression and Fisher exact tests were employed to examine these factors on the success rate.

RESULTS: Fifty-four patients who received sialendoscopy surgery with a mean age of 35.74 years old recruited. Logistic regression identified the operation time exceeding 210 minutes showed 23.497 folds higher odd rati o of having a result of operation failure (P < .05).

CONCLUSION: The prolonged operation time is the sole independent factor affecting the successful outcome for salivary gland intraductal laser lithotripsy. We recommend operative time be no more than 210 minutes to increase the success rate in salivary gland Holmium: YAG laser intraductal lithotripsy.

PMID:33877921 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211010075

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Κυριακή 18 Απριλίου 2021

Phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and reading of functionally illiterate adults

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RESUMO Objetivo O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil de adultos analfabetos funcionais em tarefas de leitura, consciência fonológica (CF), e nomeação automática rápida (NAR); bem como correlacionar o desempenho dessas tarefas. Além disso, buscou-se compreender quanto que o desempenho em CF e NAR predizem o resultado em leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras. Método Foram avaliados 23 adultos analfabetos funcionais em tarefas de inteligência, leitura, CF e NAR. Resultados Os participantes apresentaram dificuldades em CF, tendo pobre desempenho em tarefas que envolviam análise e manipulação de fonemas. Em NAR, apresentaram maior facilidade na nomeação de itens alfanuméricos. Em relação à leitura, houve dificuldades no processamento fonológico, apresentando erros por troca fonológica. Análises de correlação indicaram que a leitura apresentou maiores correlações com NAR do que com CF. Por fim, a análise de regressão indicou que o desemp enho em NAR é capaz de explicar mais da metade do resultado em leitura dos participantes. Conclusão De modo geral, o perfil dos adultos analfabetos funcionais se caracteriza por apresentar prejuízos nas habilidades avaliadas, sendo esses prejuízos mais evidentes em CF ao nível dos fonemas, bem como na nomeação de itens não-alfanuméricos. Além disso, os resultados em NAR explicam melhor os resultados de leitura de palavras e pseudopalavras do que os resultados em CF.
ABSTRACT Purpose The study's purpose is to describe the cognitive profile of a sample of functionally illiterate individuals in reading, phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN), as well as to correlate the performance of these tasks. Moreover, it sought to understand how the performances in PA and RAN predict results in reading of words and pseudowords. Methods 23 functionally illiterate adults were assessed for intelligence, reading, PA and RAN tasks. Results Participants showed difficulties in PA, performing poorly in tasks involving phoneme analysis and manipulation. In RAN, they found it easier to name alphanumeric items. Regarding reading, they presented difficulties in phonological processing, with errors caused by phonological exchange. Correlation analyses indicated that reading presented higher correlations with RAN than PA. Finally, a regression analysis indicated that performance in RAN can account for more than half of participants' reading results. Conclusion In general, the profile of functionally illiterate adults presents impairment in the abilities assessed that are more evident in PA at phoneme levels as well as in naming of non-alphanumerical items. Moreover, the results in RAN explain those in word and pseudowords reading better than the results in PA.
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Adaptation of the Brazilian Functional Auditory Performance Indicators - Short Version

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RESUMO Objetivo Adaptar o protocolo Indicadores de Performance Funcional Auditiva Brasileiro para uma versão reduzida, incluindo a produção de material e de um manual de aplicação. Método Estudo do tipo metodológico, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantiqualitativa, realizado com sete fonoaudiólogos que aplicaram o protocolo em 34 crianças com deficiência auditiva e seus responsáveis. Cumpriram-se a análise da validade de conteúdo, bem como da confiabilidade do instrumento por meio da avaliação da equivalência semântica, da análise da satisfação dos fonoaudiólogos e dos testes estatísticos alfa de Cronbach e coeficiente de Kappa. Resultados Foi adaptada a versão reduzida denominada FAPI-r, com coeficientes que indicaram consistência interna e concordância interavaliadores quase perfeitos. Os fonoaudiólogos referiram satisfação com o instrumento e relataram que o manual de aplicação facilitou o entendimento sobre a aplicação do teste. Observou-se, no entanto, a não concordância entre a avaliação dos fonoaudiólogos e as respostas das famílias, indicando a necessidade de maior inserção destas no cenário terapêutico. Conclusão Realizada a adaptação do FAPI-r, constatando-se sua validade e confiabilidade, com futuros desdobramentos para a pesquisa e atuação clínica na população de crianças com deficiência auditiva.
ABSTRACT Purpose To adapt the Brazilian Functional Auditory Performance Indicators protocol to a short version including the production of material and an application manual. Methods Methodological, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative and qualitative approach conducted with seven speech-language therapists who applied the protocol to 34 children with hearing loss and their guardians. The analysis of content validity and the instrument reliability evaluated the semantic equivalence, analysis of satisfaction of speech therapists, and statistical tests of Cronbach� ��s Alpha and Kappa coefficient. Results The short version, called FAPI-r, was adapted considering coefficients that indicate internal consistency and almost perfect inter-evaluator agreement. Speech-language therapists reported satisfaction with the instrument and stated that the manual facilitates the understanding of the test application. However, there was no agreement between the assessment of speech-language therapists and the answers of families, indicating a need for a greater insertion of families in the therapeutic scenario. Conclusion The adapted FAPI-r has validity and reliability, promising future developments for research and clinical performance in the population of hard of hearing children.
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Weight Gain and Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adolescents with Down Syndrome

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Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine whether the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is affected by weight gain velocity (WGV) in adolescents with Down syndrome.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Methods

We performed a retrospective case series of children with Down syndrome, aged 9–19, referred for polysomnography (PSG) due to suspected OSA at an academic children's hospital. We determined the velocity (slope of change) of yearly weight gain using a mixed effect linear regression model. Subsequently, we determined if velocity of yearly weight gain was greater in adolescents with severe OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index > 10). Significance was set at P < .05.

Results

A total of 77 adolescents with Down syndrome were identified. The average age was 12.5 years (standard deviation = 3.1); 44 (57%) were male and 46 (60%) were Hispanic. The majority, 51 (66%) had severe OSA. The velocity of yearly weight gain prior to PSG in Down syndrome adolescents was similar regardless of OSA severity (mean diff in weight gain at PSG between severe and nonsevere OSA = −1.42, 95% confidence interval = −5.8 to 2.9, P = .52). Down syndrome adolescents with severe OSA weighed more at PSG (58.4 kg vs. 40.9 kg, P < .001) and all years prior to PSG. These findings remained even when controlling for age at PSG.

Conclusions

Severe OSA in adolescents with Down syndrome is associated with weight. There was no significant difference in WGV in children with Down syndrome with or without severe OSA.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2021

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