The effect of prior radiation on the success of ventral skull base reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The effect of prior radiation on the success of ventral skull base reconstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Head Neck. 2021 May 11. doi: 10.1002/hed.26709. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak after ventral skull base reconstruction is a primary outcome of interest to skull base surgeons. Exposure to pre-operative radiation may put patients at an increased risk of skull base reconstructive failure. A systematic search identified studies which included patients receiving ventral skull base reconstruction in the setting of pre-operative radiation. A meta-analysis using a random effects model was conducted to estimate an odds ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in patients exposed to pre-operative radiation. A meta-analysis of 13 studies demonstrated that the odds ratio of CSF leak was 1.73 (95% CI 0.98-3.05). The majority of studies (77%) used vascularized tissue grafts for reconstruction. We identified an increased incidence of CSF leak among patients undergoing ventral skull base reconstruction after prior r adiation therapy, although not of statistical significance. Skull base surgeons should exercise caution when planning reconstruction in this population. PMID:33973680 | DOI:10.1002/hed.26709 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effects of nasal packing and transseptal suturing on swallowing after septoplasty

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of nasal packing and transseptal suturing on swallowing after septoplasty Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 May 10. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-06854-x. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of different nasal packing methods and transseptal suture technique on swallowing after septoplasty. METHODS: This randomized prospective study consists of 180 consecutive patients with septal deviation. All the patients underwent septoplasty. All the patients were randomly assigned to three groups. In group A, transseptal sutures were used for septal stabilization. In group B, both nasal passages were packed with Merocel tampons for septal stabilization. In group C, both nasal passages were packed with Doyle silicone splints for septal stabilization. For the evaluation of swallowing, the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire and a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to all the patients preoperatively and on the second and seventh postoperative days. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty two of the patients (67.7%) were female and 58 of them (32.2%) were male. The mean age was 32.41 ± 12.37 years (range: 18-57 years). Both EAT-10 and VAS scores on the second postoperative day were significantly higher than the preoperative scores in all the groups (p < 0.05). The transseptal suture group had significantly lower EAT-10 and VAS scores on the second postoperative day than the Merocel packing and silicone packing groups (p < 0.05). Both EAT-10 and VAS scores on the postop 7th day significantly decreased in all groups compared to the postop second day (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Septoplasty affects swallowing, regardless of whether a tampon is applied. Transeptal suturing has a lesser effect on swallowing than other techniques. Although silicone packing is a less invasive method, it negatively affects swallowing, similar to Merocel packing. The transseptal suture technique is more comfortable than the other techniques i n terms of swallowing function in the postoperative period. PMID:33973085 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-06854-x View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Chin Tuck Against Resistance Exercise for Dysphagia Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Chin Tuck Against Resistance Exercise for Dysphagia Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review Via swallowing exercises J Oral Rehabil. 2021 May 10. doi: 10.1111/joor.13181. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Chin tuck against resistance (CTAR) exercise has been recently reported to be a new therapeutic exercise method that can help improve swallowing function in patients with dysphagia. However, due to the differences in exercise protocols, methods, and the tools used across studies of CTAR exercise, an overall systematic review of these studies is necessary. OBJECTIVE: The present s tudy investigated the exercise protocols, methods, and tools used in various studies of CTAR exercise and summarized their findings. METHODS: We searched for studies related to CTAR exercise using electronic databases and selected nine articles for review. The articles were categorized on the basis of four criteria: study design and quality, training protocol, outcome measures, and clinical effect. RESULTS: Four articles reported that CTAR exercise not only helped activate the suprahyoid muscle in healthy adults, but activated the sternocleidomastoid muscle less than Shaker exercise. In addition, five articles reported that CTAR exercise was effective in improving swallowing function and oral diet stage in the pharyngeal phase, including reduction of airway aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke. CONCLUSIONS: CTAR exercise more selectively activates the suprahyoid muscle and is an effective therapeutic exercise for improving swallowing function in patie nts with dysphagia. Because it is less strenuous than Shaker exercise, it requires less physical burden and effort, allowing greater compliance. PMID:33973284 | DOI:10.1111/joor.13181 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Osseointegration of a novel 3D porous Ti-6Al-4V implant material - Histomorphometric analysis in rabbits

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Osseointegration of a novel 3D porous Ti-6Al-4V implant material - Histomorphometric analysis in rabbits Via Cellular and Molecular Biology Histol Histopathol. 2021 May 11:18342. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-342. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Porous structure properties are known to conduct initial and long-term stability of titanium alloy implants. This study aims to assess the histomorphometric effect of a 3-D porosity in Ti-6Al-4V implants (PI) on osseointegration in comparison to solid Ti-6Al-4V implants (SI). The PI was produced in a spaceholder method and sintering and has a pore size of mean 400 µm (50 µm to 500 µm) and mimics human trabecular bone. Pairs of PI and equal sized SI as reference were bilaterally implanted at random in the lateral femoral condyle of 16 Chinchilla-Bastard rabbits. The animals were sacrificed after 4 and 12 weeks for histomorphometric analysis. The histomorphometric evaluation confirmed a successful short-term osseohealing (4 weeks) and mid-term osseoremodeling (12 weeks) for both types of implants. The total newly formed bone area was larger for PI than for SI after 4 and 12 weeks, with the intraporous bone area being accountable for the significant difference (p<0.05). A more detailed observation of bone area distribution revealed a bony accumulation in a radius of +/- 500 µm around the implant surface after remodeling. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) increased significantly (p<0.05) from 4 to 12 weeks (PI 26.23 % to 42.68 %; SI 28.44 % to 47.47 %) for both types of implants. Due to different surface properties, however, PI had a significant (p<0.05) larger absolute osseous contact (mm) to the implant circumference compared to the SI (4 weeks: 7.46 mm vs 5.72 mm; 12 weeks: 11.57 mm vs 9.52 mm [PI vs. SI]). The regional influences (trabecular vs. cortical) on bone formation and the intraporous distribution were also presented. Conclusively, the porous structure and surface properties of PI enable a successful and regular osseointegration and enhance the bony fixation compared to solid implants under experim ental conditions. PMID:33973645 | DOI:10.14670/HH-18-342 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Salidroside overcomes dexamethasone resistance in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Salidroside overcomes dexamethasone resistance in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jun;21(6):636. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10068. Epub 2021 Apr 15. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to analyze whether the use of salidroside (SAL) could overcome dexamethasone (DEX) resistance in T-acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. The human T-ALL DEX-resistant cell line, CEM-C1 and the DEX-sensitive cell line, CEM-C7 were used in the current study. The proliferation inhibition rates in these cells, treated with SAL and DEX alone, and in combination were detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, while the morphological changes of the cells were observed using an inverted microscope. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the c-Myc and LC3 genes, while flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution and the rate of apoptosis. In addition, western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of c-Myc, BCL-2, Bax, cleaved PARP and LC 3. and acridine orange staining was used to detect the changes in acidic autophagy vesicles. It was found that SAL could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in the CEM-C1 and CEM-C7 cells. In addition, SAL promoted the induction of autophagy. The protein expression levels of c-Myc in the CEM-C1 cells were significantly higher compared with that in the CEM-C7 cells. SAL downregulated the mRNA expression levels of the c-Myc gene and protein in a dose-dependent manner. This suggested that SAL could inhibit the proliferation of the CEM-C1 and CEM-C7 cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy and overcome DEX resistance in the CEM-C1 cells. The mechanism may be associated with the downregulation of c-Myc. PMID:33968167 | PMC:PMC8097222 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10068 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Changes in peri-ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Changes in peri-ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review) Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jun;21(6):650. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10082. Epub 2021 Apr 19. ABSTRACT Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is characterized by the deposition of proteinaceous material in the anterior ocular segment (resulting in ophthalmic pathologies such as glaucoma and increased risk of complications in cataract surgery), but also by several systemic manifestations. The involvement of peri-ocular tissues in PEX, including the eyelid skin, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, orbital fat and vessels, as well as the optic nerve, has been reported by several previous studies. The peri-ocular effects of PEX include the development of eyelid laxity, conjunctival chalasis, tear film abnormalities, pronounced orbital fat atrophy in response to the administration of prostaglandin analogues in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, deficient orbital vascular supply and biomechanical changes in both the eyeball and the optic nerve. These effects may have import ant clinical implications, including increased difficulty in cataract surgery, ocular surface disease and eyelid margin malpositions. PMID:33968180 | PMC:PMC8097227 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10082 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Gallic acid suppresses colon cancer proliferation by inhibiting SRC and EGFR phosphorylation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Gallic acid suppresses colon cancer proliferation by inhibiting SRC and EGFR phosphorylation Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Jun;21(6):638. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10070. Epub 2021 Apr 16. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of gallic acid (GA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells and to further clarify the mechanism of GA function associated with SRC and EGFR phosphorylation. HCT116 and HT29 cells were treated with different concentrations of GA for 24 h. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed using plate clone formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. In addition, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was examined by western blotting. Furthermore, the level of STAT3, AKT, SRC and EGFR phosphorylation was analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, the SRC inhibitor PP2 and the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib were used to analyze the GA-associated mechanisms. In addition, a xenograft tumor model was established to confirm the effects of GA in viv o. The results indicated that GA inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis by upregulating the ratio of cleaved caspase-3/pro-caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9/pro-caspase-9. Concurrently, GA decreased the level of phosphorylated (p)-SRC, p-EGFR, p-AKT and p-STAT3. Following treatment with PP2 and gefitinib in both cancer cell lines and animal model, GA was demonstrated to inhibit EGFR and SRC phosphorylation to downregulate STAT3 and AKT phosphorylation. In vivo, GA prevented tumor growth, promoted tumor apoptosis and decreased the level of p-SRC, p-EGFR, p-STAT3 and p-AKT. In conclusion, GA was indicated to suppress colon cancer proliferation by inhibiting SRC and EGFR phosphorylation. PMID:33968169 | PMC:PMC8097205 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10070 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.