Endonasal Endoscopic and Hybrid Surgery Techniques for Blunt Trauma Fractures of the Skull Base With Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Endonasal Endoscopic and Hybrid Surgery Techniques for Blunt Trauma Fractures of the Skull Base With Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Jun 30. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007932. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage caused by skull base fracture represents high risks of bacterial meningitis, and a rate of mortality of 8.9%. Endoscopic endonasal repair of CSF leaks is quite safe and effective procedure with high rates of success. The aim of this study is to describe our technique for management of skull base CSF leaks secondary to craniofacial trauma based on the anatomic location of the leak. This is a retrospective case series of 17 patients with diagnosis of craniofacial trauma, surgically treated with sole endonasal endoscopic and combined endonasal/transcranial approaches with diagnosis of CSF leak secondary to skull base fractures. Seventeen patients met inclusion criteria for this study. Mean age was 46 years old. Most common etiology was motor vehicle. Early surgery was performed in 8 patients, and late surgery in 9 p atients. The most common site of CSF leak was at ethmoid cells or at the fronto-ethmoid junction in 9 patients. Thirteen patients (76.4%) were treated only with endonasal endoscopic technique, and 4 (23.5%) with hybrid surgery, combining endonasal endoscopic and cranial bicoronal approaches with nasal and pericranial vascularized flaps, and nasal mucosal free flaps. Mean hospital stay was 23.7 days.The mean follow-up time was 25.6 months. When surgical reconstruction is indicated for CSF leaks secondary to skull base fractures, endonasal endoscopic techniques should be part of the surgical management either as a sole procedure, or in combination with classical transcranial approaches with high rates of success and low morbidity. PMID:34224458 | DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000007932 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

LncRNA MSC‐AS1 motivates the development of melanoma by binding to miR‐302a‐3p and recruiting IGF2BP2 to elevate LEF1 expression

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader LncRNA MSC‐AS1 motivates the development of melanoma by binding to miR‐302a‐3p and recruiting IGF2BP2 to elevate LEF1 expression Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Melanoma is considered as the most common malignancy among skin cancers. The roles of many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been clearly identified in multiple tumors. Nevertheless, lncRNA MSC antisense RNA 1 (MSC-AS1) has not been deeply investigated melanoma. In the present study, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were used to measure the expression of RNAs and proteins. Functional and in vivo assays were implemented to detect the function of genes in melanoma. RNA pull down, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were applied for determining interactions between RNA and protein molecules. It was observed that MSC-AS1 and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) were remarkably up-regulated while microRNA-302a-3p (miR-302a-3p) down-regulated in melanoma cell lines. The silencing of MSC-AS1 hindered cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, MSC-AS1 regulated LEF1 expression through sponging miR-302a-3 p and recruiting insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). Eventually, LEF1 overexpression rescued cell progression impaired by MSC-AS1 knockdown. In summary, our research identified the MSC-AS1/miR-302a-3p/IGF2BP2/LEF1 axis in melanoma development, which indicated that MSC-AS1 is a potential biomarker in the treatment of melanoma. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Immunohistochemical markers for histopathological diagnosis and differentiation of acute cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Immunohistochemical markers for histopathological diagnosis and differentiation of acute cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a major complication following stem-cell or solid-organ transplantation. Accurate diagnosis of cutaneous GvHD is challenging, given that drug eruptions and viral rashes may present with similar clinical/histological manifestations. Specific markers are not available. We performed the histological examination of biopsy samples from acute GvHD (aGvHD; n = 54), Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN; n = 27), maculopapular drug eruption (MDE; n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 26). Samples of aGvHD showed a decrease in Langerhans cells (LC, p = 0.0001) and an increase in macrophages (MΦ, p = 0.0001) compared to healthy skin. Compared to SJS/TEN, MDE and healthy skin, aGvHD biopsies contained greater numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The majority of CD4+ T-helper cells were localized in the uppe r dermis, whereas cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were found in the epidermis. Increased numbers of CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells in the upper dermis of aGvHD skin (p = 0.007) were not observed in controls or SJS/TEN and MDE. There were no differences in elafin staining between aGvHD and the latter two conditions. Acute GvHD appears to have a distinct inflammatory cell profile (T cells/NK cells) that may aid establishing in a more accurate diagnosis, especially when used to rule out differential diagnoses such as SJS/TEN or MDE. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

MiR-181a-5p Regulates NIS Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader MiR-181a-5p Regulates NIS Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Via radioactive iodine Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jun 4;22(11):6067. doi: 10.3390/ijms22116067. ABSTRACT NIS is a potent iodide transporter encoded by the SLC5A5 gene. Its expression is reduced in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study we analyzed the impact of miR-181a-5p on NIS expression in the context of PTC. We used real-time PCR to analyze the expression of SLC5A5 and miR-181a-5p in 49 PTC/normal tissue pairs. Luciferase assays and mutagenesis were performed to confirm direct bindi ng of miR-181a-5p to the 3'UTR of SLC5A5 and identify the binding site. The impact of modulation of miR-181a-5p using appropriate plasmids on endogenous NIS and radioactive iodine accumulation was verified. We confirmed downregulation of SLC5A5 and concomitant upregulation of miR-181a-5p in PTC. Broadly used algorithms did not predict the binding site of miR-181a-5p in 3'UTR of SLC5A5, but we identified and confirmed the binding site through mutagenesis using luciferase assays. In MCF7 and HEK293-flhNIS cell lines, transfection with mir-181a-expressing plasmid decreased endogenous SLC5A5, whereas silencing of miR-181a-5p increased it. We observed similar tendencies in protein expression and radioactive iodine accumulation. This study shows for the first time that miR-181a-5p directly regulates SLC5A5 expression in the context of PTC and may decrease efficacy of radioiodine treatment. Accordingly, miR-181a-5p may serve as an emerging target to enhan ce the efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy. PMID:34199867 | DOI:10.3390/ijms22116067 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oncocytic Papillary Carcinoma in an Autonomous Thyroid Nodule

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oncocytic Papillary Carcinoma in an Autonomous Thyroid Nodule Via radioactive iodine Am J Case Rep. 2021 Jul 2;22:e931757. doi: 10.12659/AJCR.931757. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are a common cause of neck swelling in clinical practice, even in iodine-sufficient communities. Most nodules are benign, but malignancy cannot be excluded. The majority of thyroid cancers occur in nonfunctioning nodules, but in rare cases they can present as an autonomous nodule. Papillary carcinoma, the most common type of thyroid malignancy, typically spreads quickly to local lym ph nodes; however, current guidelines do not recommend biopsy of autonomous thyroid nodules. Early detection and surgical intervention can be curative in many of these cases. CASE REPORT This present case involved a woman in her early 30s who presented with an enlarging neck mass. Ultrasound demonstrated a unilateral right thyroid mass, and blood work showed triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid scintigraphy was performed and showed unilateral increased uptake on the right side. The patient was treated initially with a thyroid lobectomy. Intraoperative frozen sectioning of the removed specimen showed papillary thyroid carcinoma, and a total thyroidectomy was performed. Radioactive iodine ablation therapy was not done, but given the patient's history and risk factors, recurrence of her disease is unlikely. CONCLUSIONS The vast majority of autonomous thyroid nodules are noncancerous. However, patients should be informed of the possibility of malignancy, and cancer should be ruled o ut clinically. Papillary thyroid carcinoma accounts for the majority of tumors in both hot and cold nodules. However, the oncocytic subtype seen in the patient in this report is less common, presents a higher risk of recurrence, and typically occurs in older patients. Thyroidectomy is usually curative for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. PMID:34210951 | DOI:10.12659/AJCR.931757 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI): Associations with oropharyngeal cancer and treatment outcome

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oral secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI): Associations with oropharyngeal cancer and treatment outcome Via Head and neck cancers by Brittney L. Dickey, Bradley Sirak, Laura Martin-Gomez, Richard R. Reich, Martha Abrahamsen, Kimberly Isaacs-Soriano, Christine H. Chung, Anna R. Giuliano Background Rates of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) associated with alcohol & tobacco use have decreased, while human papillomavirus (HPV) associated OPC has increased among men in the US. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), detectable in a variety of secretions, has been implicated in cancers of the head and neck, associated with tumor progression and anti-viral activity. Using the recently verified oral gargle specimen, this study aimed to assess the association of salivary SLPI expression with risk of OPC and response to treatment. Methods A case-control study design compared levels of salivary SLPI among OPC cases to age and tobacco smoking matched healthy controls. Oral HPV DNA and SLPI was quantified from oral gargle specimens. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of oral SLPI and risk of OPC and treatment outcomes. Results In crude and adjusted analyses of 96 OPC cases and 97 age- and smoki ng-matched controls, OPC was not significantly associated with oral gargle SLPI levels. Among cases, oral SLPI was associated with tonsillectomy (p = 0.018) and among controls oral SLPI was associated with HPV in the oral gargle (p = 0.008). Higher concentrations of SLPI was significantly associated with increased odds of incomplete treatment response (T2: OR: 12.39; 95% CI: 1.44–106.72; T3: OR: 9.86; 95% CI: 1.13–85.90) among all cases, but not among P16+ cases. Conclusions Salivary SLPI was not associated with OPC risk but was associated with higher odds of an incomplete treatment response. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Novel Combined Transorbital Transnasal Endoscopic Approach for Reconstruction of Posttraumatic Complex Anterior Cranial Fossa Defect

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Novel Combined Transorbital Transnasal Endoscopic Approach for Reconstruction of Posttraumatic Complex Anterior Cranial Fossa Defect Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Asian J Neurosurg. 2021 Mar 20;16(1):136-140. doi: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_363_20. eCollection 2021 Jan-Mar. ABSTRACT The transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery (TONES), endoscopic transnasal skull base procedures, and the concept of multiportal minimal access neurosurgery are novel, rapidly evolving approaches in the management of complex skull base lesions. A 27-year-old male presented with a history of road traffic accident with nasal bleed, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, and left eye deformity. There was left upper eyelid ecchymosis, orbital dystopia, left pupil was dilated, and fixed with no extraocular movements. The computed tomography scan showed basifrontal contusion and complex comminuted anterior cranial fossa (ACF) fracture involving left cribriform plate and left orbital roof with fracture fragment impinging on the superior rectus muscle with suspicious orbital CSF leak. There was no improvement with conservative management. Hence , a novel combined TONES, transnasal endoscopic multiportal surgery was undertaken for the removal of fracture fragments and multi-layered closure of the complex ACF defect. The patient had a complete resolution of orbital dystopia and visual loss with no evidence of CSF leak postoperatively. PMID:34211881 | PMC:PMC8202373 | DOI:10.4103/ajns.AJNS_363_20 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.