Detection of oropharyngeal sensory function in normal population

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Detection of oropharyngeal sensory function in normal population Via Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Aug 7;56(8):830-836. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200831-00713. ABSTRACT Objective: To study the oropharyngeal sensory function by Current Perception Threshold(CPT) detection, to explore the detection method of oropharyngeal sensory function in normal population, and to analyze the possible influencing factors. Methods: Fifty-eight normal subjects were included prospectively in this study. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI) were collected. The age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 76 (43.27±13.52) years old. There were 34 females with 17 in childbearing period and 17 in menopause; and 24 males were included.In all the cases, 6 cases were in low BMI, 39 cases were in normal BMI, 10 cases were overweight and 3 cases were suffering from obesity. The CPT system of Neurometer was used to stimulate bilateral palatoglossal arch and tongue base.The current used was 2000 Hz, 25 0 Hz and 5 Hz respectively.The function of type Aβ, Aδ and C sensory nerve fibers were tested and the CPT values were recorded.The values were inversely proportional to pharyngeal sensation function.To evaluate the oropharyngeal sensory function of the subjects, the CPT values of each frequency at each testing point were compared. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The CPT value of palatoglossal arch was significantly lower than that of tongue base (t=-2.58,-2.65,-2.54,-2.47,-2.37,-2.77,P<0.05), 2 000 Hz>250 Hz>5 Hz, and there was no significant difference between left and right sides(t=-0.03,-0.51,-0.49,0.06,-0.16,0.13,P>0.05). The CPT value of male was slightly higher than that of female (t=0.92,1.55,0.27,0.78,1.44,1.26,0.35,0.77,1.27,0.24,0.78,0.96,P>0.05). The CPT values of women in childbearing period were significantly less than those in menopausal women (t=-3.90,-3.64,-2.14,-4 .20,-4.28,-4.28,-3.52,-4.46,-3.41,-3.63,-4.66,-2.86,P<0.05). The CPT value increased with age, and the values of all frequency of 20 to 30 years old group was significantly lower than those of subjects over 40 years old at each point (The t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 2 000 Hz were -5.57,-6.22,-10.18,-11.00;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 250 Hz were -6.39,-8.79,-6.39,-15.61;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 5 Hz were -7.09, -5.57, -9.26, -15.23;the t values of tongue base at 2 000 Hz were -3.11,-3.88,-7.60,-8.55;the t values of tongue base at 250 Hz were -6.31,-10.59,-8.52,-10.60;the t values of tongue baseat 5 Hz were -6.69,-5.09,-8.70,-7.07,P<0.05).The values at all frequencies and testing points of 30-40 years old group were significantly lower than those of all subjects over 60 years old (The t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 2 000 Hz were -10.91,-12.42;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 250 Hz were -6.25,-10.87;the t values of bilateral palatoglossal arch at 5 Hz were -5.53,-11.01;the t values of tongue base at 2 000 Hz were -8.62,-10.12;the t values of tongue base at 250 Hz were -6.89,-7.82;the t values of tongue base at 5 Hz were -6.13,-6.48,P<0.05). Conclusions: CPT can be used to evaluate oropharyngeal sensory function. The sensitivity of tongue base is lower than that of palatoglossal arch, there is no significant difference in oropharyngeal sensory function between male and female,between left and right sides. There are many factors influencing oropharyngeal sensory function. Age, hormone level changes may affect the sensitivity of oropharyngeal sensory function. PMID:34521167 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200831-00713 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Extracellular matrix in glioblastoma: opportunities for emerging therapeutic approaches

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Extracellular matrix in glioblastoma: opportunities for emerging therapeutic approaches Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3742-3754. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Extracellular matrix is a complex network of macromolecules that constitute a microenvironment of normal tissues and malignancies such as the primary brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM). The unique composition of the GBM ECM, compared with the brain, contributes to angiogenesis, invasion, and therapeutic resistance of GBM. On the other hand, components of tumor ECM and related aberrant signaling pathways offer opportunities for various therapeutic strategies that are under active investigations. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic approaches for GBM that target or utilize its unique ECM via antibodies or ligands, RNA interference, pharmacological agents and modification of ECM molecules. Furthermore, drug-loaded nanoparticles displaying ECM-directed antibodies or peptides enable tumor selective delivery of the payload. As an in vitro research platform, 3D tumor cell culture incorporating ECM can advance our understanding of tumor-ECM interactions. PMID:34522446 | PMC:PMC8414390 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Body mass index and type 2 diabetes and breast cancer survival: a Mendelian randomization study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Body mass index and type 2 diabetes and breast cancer survival: a Mendelian randomization study Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3921-3934. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT The causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and breast cancer prognosis is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic effect of BMI and T2D on breast cancer disease-free survival (DFS) among Asian individuals. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, the instrumental variables (IVs) were identified using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) among 24,000 participants in the Taiwan Biobank. Importantly, the validity of these IVs was confirmed with a previous large-scale GWAS (Biobank Japan Project, BBJ). In this study, we found that a genetic predisposition toward higher BMI (as indicated by BMI IVs, F = 86.88) was associated with poor breast cancer DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.11; P < 0.001). Furthermore, higher level of genetically predicted T2D (as indicated by T2D IVs) was associa ted with an increased risk of recurrence of and mortality from breast cancer (HR = 1.43; P < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses, including the weighted-median approach, MR-Egger regression, Radial regression and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) supported the consistency of our findings. Finally, the causal relationship between BMI and poor breast cancer prognosis was confirmed in a prospective cohort study. Our MR analyses demonstrated the causal relationship between the genetic prediction of elevated BMI and a greater risk of T2D with poor breast cancer prognosis. BMI and T2D have important clinical implications and may be used as prognostic indicators of breast cancer. PMID:34522458 | PMC :PMC8414374 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Emerging role of PD-L1 modification in cancer immunotherapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Emerging role of PD-L1 modification in cancer immunotherapy Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3832-3840. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the expression levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) are regulated at the various levels, including transcription, post-transcriptional modification and post-translational modifications (PTMs). The PTMs of PD-1/PD-L1 contain phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation, glycosylation and palmitoylation. Recently, PD-L1 was reported to be acetylated at Lys263 site by p300 and was deacetylated by histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). Acetylation of PD-L1 prevented its translocation to the nucleus and led to a reduction of the nuclear portion of PD-L1, resulting in evading immune surveillance of tumor cells. In this review article, we briefly describe the PTMs of PD-1/PD-L1 and mainly summarize the novel findings of PD-L1 acetylation in tumor cells. Moreover, we discuss the associations of PD-L1 acetylation and ubiquitination, phosphorylation and methylation. Furthermore, we highlight that targeting acetylation of PD-L1 by HDAC inhibitors might be useful for enhancing tumor immunotherapy. PMID:34522452 | PMC:PMC8414388 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Tumor treating fields can effectively overcome trastuzumab resistant breast cancer multiplication

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Tumor treating fields can effectively overcome trastuzumab resistant breast cancer multiplication Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3935-3945. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT The Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2, or the HER2 is one of the highest expressed negative receptor that constitutes approximately 15-20% of malevolent breast cancerous tumors among women. The prevalence of HER2 has untimely and unfavorable consequences on breast cancer, and its underlying carcinomous cell processes, structures, and growth. Trastuzumab (TRZ), a humanized antibody that is rooted in relatively recent foundations, has been found operational in its construction of treatments against HER2-positive breast cancer. This drug is combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy to deregulate HER2 genes in the body. However, patients who suffer from evolved tumors in advanced stages of cancer exhibit a good amount of tolerance towards singularly used TRZ treatment. Inversely, the factorization of Tumor Testing Fields (TTFields or TTFs) into cancer therapy revives the functions of a TRZ treatment plan, by sensitizing the HER2 genes to the drug. In turn, this facilitates TRZ to continue limiting cancerous cell multiplication and toxicity levels within the treatment. This research evaluates the aspects and effects of this pairing, both in vivo and in vitro through BT474 cells. The TTFields conduct an electromagnetic boundary, which generates sine-wave radiations to manipulate the HER2 gene structure. The methods followed in the research also examines the gene cell cultures and their viability through solutions like Tryptophan blue, or the Crystal violet which may or may not deliver certain testmants to the experiment. The Western Blot Test and the IHC confirm the presence of antibodies and negative receptors in the BT474 cells. These procedures contribute to the formulation of a treatment plan that overcomes the TRZ-resistant nature of the tumor, which is essentially the aim of the research. Thus, the paper substantiates that a healthy combina tion of TTF's with TRZ can enhance the penetration of TRZ after inducing apoptosis due to TTFields therapy. The success of a TTField in undertaking this pursuit makes room for more utilization of it in future cancerous treatment ventures. PMID:34522459 | PMC:PMC8414379 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

3'untranslated regions (3'UTR) of Gelsolin mRNA displays anticancer effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader 3'untranslated regions (3'UTR) of Gelsolin mRNA displays anticancer effects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3857-3876. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT RNA-based therapeutics has attracted substantial interest from both academics and pharmaceutical companies. In this study, we investigated the function and the underlying mechanism of Gelsolin (GSN) 3'UTR in NSCLC H1299 and A549 cells. We found that transfected Flag-GSN plasmids significantly increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, whereas GSN 3'UTR could suppress the promotional effect of GSN protein on the development of NSCLC in vitro. Interestingly, we observed that these in vitro anticancer effects of GSN 3'UTR was independent of the co-expression with GSN coding sequence. Moreover, transfected GSN 3'UTR affected the actin-cytoskeleton remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in H1299 and A549 cells, and targeted the co-expressed proteins to the plasma membran e. Subsequently, RNA pull-down assays have been performed to identify Tra2β protein as a GSN 3'UTR binder. We then showed that Tra2β was important for the localized protein expression mediated by GSN 3'UTR. Taken together, our results suggested that GSN 3'UTR may exert anticancer functions in NSCLC cells through regulating the subcellular localized expression of GSN protein mediated by the interaction between GSN 3'UTR-Tra2β. PMID:34522454 | PMC:PMC8414377 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Comprehensive identification of FGFR1-4 alterations in 5 557 Chinese patients with solid tumors by next-generation sequencing

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Comprehensive identification of <em>FGFR1-4</em> alterations in 5 557 Chinese patients with solid tumors by next-generation sequencing Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;11(8):3893-3906. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Deregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) network is common in cancer due to activating mutations, gene amplifications and chromosomal translocations. Currently, various FGFR inhibitors are being developed. In order to optimize their clinical applications, understanding the frequencies and types of FGFR alterations in multiple cancer types appears to be extremely important. This study characterized FGFR1-4 alterations in solid tumors by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Between Jun. 2019 and Aug. 2020, the sequencing data of 5 557 solid tumors of diverse types in the database of Simcere Diagnostics, Inc. (Nanjing, China) were retrospectively analyzed. A panel-based NGS assay was used to detect FGFR1-4 alterations in tumor samples. 9.2% of cancer cases had FGFR1-4 alterations, in which gene amplifications (51.5%) and mutat ions (40.7%) were frequent, whereas gene rearrangements were less common (10.0%). FGFR1 was involved in 4.6% of 5 557 cases, FGFR2 in 2.1%, FGFR3 in 1.6%, and FGFR4 in 1.4%. Of patients with FGFR1-4 alterations, TP53, MUC16, NSD3, MYC and LRP1B genes were the top 5 mutant genes. FGFR1-4 aberrations occurred in almost every type of solid tumors, with the most common tumor being endometrial carcinoma (22.2%), followed by sarcoma (17.3%), breast cancer (13.2%), gastric cancer (12.2%), and more. 0.6% of cancer cases harbored FGFR1-4 fusions, with the most common fusion partner being TACC3. Two cases of GBM harboring FGFR3-TACC3 fusions were responsive to anlotinib treatment. In conclusion, FGFR1-4 alterations are prevalent in solid tumors of diverse types, with the majority being gene amplifications and mutations. FGFR1-4 fusions only occur in a minority of cancer cases, and t hose with glioblastoma harboring FGFR3-TACC3 fusions may benefit from anlotinib. PMID:34522456 | PMC:PMC8414391 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.