Cochlear Fluid Spaces and Structures of the Gerbil High-Frequency Region Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cochlear Fluid Spaces and Structures of the  Gerbil High-Frequency Region Measured Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com In this study, optical coherence tomography was employed to obtain volumetric images of the high-frequency hook region of the gerbil cochlea, as viewed through the round window, with far better resolution capability than had been possible before. The anatomical structures and fluid spaces of the organ of Corti were segmented and quantified in vivo and over a 90-min postmortem period. We find that the arcuate-zone and pectinate-zone widths change very little postmortem. The volume of the scala tympani between the round-window membrane and basilar membrane and the volume of the inner spiral sulcus decrease in the first 60-min postmortem. While textbook drawings of the  mammalian organ of Corti and cortilymph prominently depict the tunnel of Corti, the outer tunnel is typically missing. This... View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Electrical and Immunohistochemical Properties of Cochlear Fibrocytes in 3D Cell Culture and in the Excised Spiral Ligament of Mice

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Electrical and Immunohistochemical Properties of Cochlear Fibrocytes in 3D Cell Culture and in the Excised Spiral Ligament of Mice Via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com AbstractFibrocyte degeneration in the cochlear lateral wall is one possible pathology of age-related metabolic hearing loss (presbycusis). Within the lateral wall fibrocytes play a role in potassium recycling and maintenance of the endocochlear potential. It has been proposed that cell replacement therapy could prevent fibrocyte degeneration in the CD/1 mouse model of hearing loss. For this to work, the replacement fibrocytes would need to take over the structural and physiological role of those lost. We have grown lateral wall fibrocytes from neonatal CD/1 mice in a 3D-collagen gel culture with the aim of assessing their functional similarity to native lateral wall fibrocytes, the latter in a slice preparation and in excised spiral ligament pieces. We have compared cultured and native fib... View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

gom1 Mutant Mice as a Model of Otitis Media

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader gom1 Mutant Mice as a Model of Otitis Media Via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com AbstractOtitis media (OM) disease is a common cause of hearing loss that is primarily the result of middle ear infection. At present, our understanding of the mechanisms leading to OM is limited due to the lack of animal models of OM with effusion (OME). Here, we report that the mice withgenetic otitis media one (gom1) mutants are prone to OM.gom1 Mice were produced by theN-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis program as an animal model to study OM. These mice demonstrate many common features of OM, such as middle ear effusion and hearing impairment. We revealed thatgom1 mice display various signs of middle ear and inner ear dysfunctions, including elevated thresholds of auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) and lack of cochlear microphonic responses. Decreased compliance in  tympanom... View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Blinatumomab overcomes poor prognostic impact of measurable residual disease in pediatric high‐risk first relapse B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Blinatumomab overcomes poor prognostic impact of measurable residual disease in pediatric high‐risk first relapse B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia Via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract Background Blinatumomab, a CD3/CD19 BiTE® (bispecific T cell engager) molecule, was superior to high-risk third course consolidation chemotherapy (HC3) in prolonging event-free survival (EFS) in children with high-risk first relapse B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Here, we report results from a post hoc measurable residual disease (MRD) analysis of this phase 3 study (NCT02393859). Procedure Children >28 days and <18 years with high-risk first-relapse B-ALL in cytomorphological complete remission (M1 marrow, <5% blasts) or with M2 marrow (≥5% and <25% blasts) after induction and two cycles of high-risk consolidation chemotherapy (baseline) were enrolled in this trial. Patients received one cycle of blinatumomab (15 μg/m2/day, 4 weeks, continuous intravenous infusion) or HC3. The primary endpoint was EFS. In this post hoc analysis, patients with MRD <10–4 by PCR were grouped as having positive but not quantifiable (pbnq) or undetectable disease. Results A higher proportion of patients with MRD <10–4 had undetectable versus pbnq disease after blinatumomab (day 29) than after HC3 (p = 0.0367). Of the 22 patients with MRD ≥10–4 at baseline who achieved MRD remission after blinatumomab, 20 (91%) achieved MRD <10–4 remission by day 15. Patients treated with blinatumomab had improved EFS and overall survival compared with those treated with HC3 independent of end-of-induction or baseline (end-of-second consolidation) MRD levels. Conclusions Blinatumomab was more efficacious than HC3 regardless of MRD status before treatment. These data support the role of blinatumomab in inducing deep MRD remission, negating the poor prognostic value of MRD. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Influence of Grading on Management and Outcome in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid—A Multi‐institutional Analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Influence of Grading on Management and Outcome in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid—A Multi‐institutional Analysis Via The Laryngoscope Objective To evaluate clinical outcome of low (G1), intermediate (G2), and high-(G3) grade mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) of the parotid gland. Study Design Retrospective chart review including 212 patients. Clinicopathological data was statistically analyzed regarding grading, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Results 105 (49.5%) G1, 73 (34.5%) G2, and 34 (16%) G3 MEC were included and 56 (26.4%) patients presented with neck node metastases. The risk of occult nodal metastases was significantly associated with grading and increased from 9.2% in G1 to 26.7% and 27.8% in G2 and G3 tumors, respectively (p = 0.008). Elective periparotid and cervical lymph node dissection was performed in 170 (80.2%) and 70 (33%) patients, respectively. All patients with positive periparotid nodes when subjected to an additional neck dissection had associated cervical neck node involvement (p < 0.001). Grading was an independent significant prognostic factor for OS (HR 4.05; 95%CI: 1.15–14.35; p = 0.030) and DSS (HR 17.35; 95%CI: 1.10–273.53; p = 0.043). In a subgroup analysis, elective neck dissection (END) was also significantly associated with a better DFS (p = 0.041) in neck node-negative G1 MECs. Conclusion The risk of occult nodal metastasis in intermediate-grade MEC is as high as in high-grade MEC and that END in G1 tumors is associated with a prolonged DFS. Additionally, periparotid node involvement seems to be a predictor for positive neck node involvement. This study presents some preliminary data to consider END in clinically neck node negative patients with parotid MEC; however, larger series are needed. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus in healthy adults in Guangzhou, southern China Via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children, and mediates substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised globally. Development a safe and effective RSV vaccine and an optimized neutralizing antibody (NAb) with strong virus-neutralizing activity is appealing. To gain some detailed knowledge on the humoral immune response to RSV subgroup A (RSV-A) and RSV-B, we investigated the seroprevalence of pre-existing NAbs by using the microneutralization assay in healthy adult from Guangzhou, southern China. We found that the overall seropositive rate was 84.86% for anti-RSV NAbs. Furthermore, the seropositive rates were 68.47% and 73.61% for anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs, respectively. In addition, although the seropositive rates and NAb levels were not associated with the blood type, type AB individuals displaying higher seropositive rates for anti-RSV-A NAbs with hi gh titer (≥ 288) and anti-RSV-B NAbs, especially those with moderate titer (≥ 72-< 288). The seropositive rates and titers were comparable between anti-RSV-A NAbs and anti-RSV-B NAbs in the AB blood type group. Interestingly, only when the NAb titer of the serum to RSV-A was not less than 288, was it not less than 18 to RSV-B, and vice versa. These results would be helpful for a better understanding of the human serum NAb responses to RSV-A and RSV-B. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cell pyroptosis in picornavirus and its potential for treating viral infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cell pyroptosis in picornavirus and its potential for treating viral infection Via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Cell pyroptosis has received increased attention due to the associations between innate immunity and disease, and it has become a major focal point recently due to in-depth studies of cancer. With increased research on pyroptosis, scientists have discovered that it has an essential role in viral infections, especially in the occurrence and development of some picornavirus infections. Many picornaviruses, including Coxsackievirus, a71 enterovirus, human rhinovirus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and foot-and-mouth disease virus induce pyroptosis to varying degrees. This review summarized the mechanisms by which these viruses induce cell pyroptosis, which can be an effective defense against pathogen infection. However, excessive inflammasome activation or pyroptosis also can damage the host's health or aggravate disease progression. Careful approaches that acknowledge this dual effect will aid in the exploration of picornavirus infections and the mechanisms that produce the inflammatory response. This information will promote the development of drugs that can inhibit cell pyroptosis and provide new avenues for future clinical treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.