TRPA1 may contribute to the exacerbation of oral lichen planus through Koebner phenomenon

Abstract

We would like to congratulate Kun et al. (Kun et al., 2016) for their recent publication entitled: "TRPA1 receptor is upregulated in human oral lichen planus". This article is very informative and enlightening, and it was a great read. The authors pioneered the research into the role of a mechanosensory receptor—TRPA1—in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (LP). Based on the results of this study and others, we would like to put forward a hypothesis that TRPA1 participates in the Koebner phenomenon of oral lichen planus and contribute to its exacerbation (Figure 1).

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Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging analysis of dental pulp inflammatory diseases

Abstract

Objectives

FTIR Microspectroscopy let characterize the macromolecular composition and distribution of tissues and cells, by studying the interaction between infrared radiation and matter. Therefore, we hypothesize to exploit this analytical tool in the analysis of inflamed pulps, to detect the different biochemical features related to various degrees of inflammation.

Materials And Methods

IR maps of 13 irreversible and 12 hyperplastic pulpitis, together with 10 normal pulps, were acquired, compared with histological findings and submitted to multivariate (HCA, PCA, SIMCA) and statistical (one-way ANOVA) analysis. The fit of convoluted bands let calculate meaningful band area ratios (means ± S.D, P<0.05).

Results

The infrared imaging analysis pin-pointed higher amounts of water and lower quantities of type I collagen in all inflamed pulps. Specific vibrational markers were defined for irreversible pulpitis (Lipids/Total Biomass, PhII/Total Biomass, CH₂/CH₃ and Ty/AII) and hyperplastic ones (OH/Total Biomass, Collagen/Total Biomass, and CH₃ Collagen/Total Biomass).

Conclusion

The study confirmed that FTIR Microspectroscopy let discriminate tissues' biological features. The infrared imaging analysis evidenced, in inflamed pulps, alterations in tissues' structure and composition. Changes in lipid metabolism, increasing amounts of tyrosine and the occurrence of phosphorilative processes were highlighted in irreversible pulpitis, while high amounts of water and low quantities of type I collagen were detected in hyperplastic samples.

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Acupuncture in posttonsillectomy pain

Abstract

Background

Postoperative swallowing pain is one of the most unpleasant after-effects of tonsillectomy. During recent years, the demand for alternatives to drug-based pain therapy has continued to grow, although the topic has received little research attention until now.

Materials and methods

A total of 46 patients were randomized into verum acupuncture, control acupuncture, and drug-based treatment groups. All patients received nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs (NSAIDs). One hour after drug intake, the verum group also received acupuncture according to classical acupuncture rules (S34, S44 and PC5). The control group had acupuncture needles placed at nonspecific acupuncture points in the midaxillary line. Acupuncture was performed by a blinded acupuncturist, who had learnt exclusively these techniques in the run up to the study. Patients were asked to evaluate their pain before, and at intervals of 20 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h after drug intake/acupuncture treatment using a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

The analgesic effect of acupuncture was significant up to 3 hours in the verum group (p < 0.05). The analgesic effect in the control acupuncture group was significant for up to 1 h after acupuncture (p < 0.05). With reference to the time point before acupuncture, the differences between both acupuncture groups and the drug group were significant (p < 0.01) over the whole time.

Conclusion

Acupuncture is an effective complement to NSAIDs in the treatment of posttonsillectomy pain. Particularly patients with allergies, drug intolerance, or reduced response to the commonly administered drugs may benefit from acupuncture.

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Spectroscopy for Diagnostic Assessment of Oral Mucosal Lesions

Condition:   Oral Cancer
Intervention:   Procedure: Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Sponsor:   M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Recruiting - verified January 2017

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Histomorphometric characterization of subgemmal neurogenous plaques

Publication date: Available online 9 January 2017
Source:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology
Author(s): Ana Carolina Amorim Pellicioli, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Rodrigo Neves Silva, Luiz Alcino Monteiro Gueiros, Oslei Paes de Almeida, Pablo Agustin Vargas, Marcio Ajudarte Lopes, Helder Antonio Rebelo Pontes, Manoela Domingues Martins, Vinícius Coelho Carrard, Alan Roger dos Santos Silva
ObjectivesCharacterize the histomorphometric features of subgemmal neurogenous plaques (SNPs) to better understand their relationship to surrounding microanatomy included in within the tissue biopsy samples of the tongue.Study designA 12-year retrospective study on the files of 3 oral pathology centers retrieved 28 cases of SNPs. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used to histological analysis, whereas immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein was performed to better characterize the neural structures. Slides were scanned and histomorphometric analysis carried out using ImageScope software.ResultsTwenty-one women (75%) and seven (21.4%) men comprised the sample with a mean age of 46.4 and 49 years, respectively. According to the morphological characterization, 20 (71,4%) cases were juxtaposed to the tongue epithelium and 16 (57,1%) cases were associated with lymphoid tissue. The mean area of the SNPs was 0.160 mm² and the mean distance to the overlying epithelium was 0.311 mm.ConclusionSNPs are normal neural structures located on the posterior border of the tongue that represent a non-neoplastic regional anatomical variation. In some cases, signs or symptoms might be present and further investigation should be performed. Pathologists should be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosis with neural lesions.



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Rectal Bleeding and Abdominal Pain Following Vaccination in a 4-Month-Old Infant

Intussusception is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal obstruction in infants. Rotavirus vaccination has been associated with intussusception in the medical literature. We report a case of a 4-month-old female with intussusception requiring hemicolectomy one week following rotavirus vaccination. We review the pathophysiology, presentation, and management of intussusception with a distinct focus on the history of rotavirus vaccination and risks of intussusception associated with timing of rotavirus vaccine administration. The discussion makes a strong case for rotavirus vaccine counseling regarding signs of intestinal obstruction and the importance of early recognition.

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Influence of temporary nasal occlusion (tNO) on epistaxis frequency in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)

Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of temporary nasal occlusion (tNO) with hypoallergenic tape on the frequency and severity of epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). This prospective observational study included 20 HHT patients who were undergoing Nd:YAG laser therapy at regular intervals. Over a 3-month period, laser therapy was supplemented by tNO with hypoallergenic tape for 5 h/day on average. On a 0–10 numeric rating scale, the patients reported significantly greater satisfaction in epistaxis terms after tNO treatment, with mean scores of 5 before and 7 after 3-month tNO (p = 0.05). The Epistaxis Severity Score also fell significantly from a median of 3.59–2.43 after 3-month tNO compared with laser therapy alone (p = 0.01). The patients' hemoglobin levels remained stable during the study (median: 12.2 g/dL before tNO; median: 11.7 g/dL after tNO; p = 0.387). Overall, the present study confirms the positive influence of tNO on epistaxis in HHT patients and on subjective satisfaction. This simple and inexpensive strategy is therefore a helpful option, especially in addition to regular Nd:YAG laser therapy, and is recommended by the authors.

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