Transcervical ultrasonographic examination of palatine tonsil size and its correlation with age, gender and body-mass index in healthy children

Publication date: April 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 95
Author(s): Mehmet Öztürk
ObjectiveOur aim was to assess the palatine tonsil size with transcervical ultrasonography in healthy children and to analyze whether the palatine tonsil size is correlated with age, gender and body-mass index (BMI).MethodsThis series consisted of 680 healthy children (340 females, 340 males) who underwent transcervical ultrasonography for evaluation of palatine tonsil size. A total of seventeen age groups (range: 1–17 years) comprised of 40 children (20 females, 20 males) were constituted. Demographic data including gender, height, weight and BMI were noted. Correlation between baseline descriptive data and tonsil volume was investigated.ResultsThe average age was 102.51 ± 59.24 months (range: 12 to 204) and body-mass index was 17.50–5.16 kg/m2 (min: 12.4-max:25.8). The average tonsil volume was 1819.5–2023.5 mm³ (min:601, max: 4007). The tonsil volume did not differ significantly between females and males (p = 0.108). However, there was a significant difference between tonsil volumes of various age groups (p < 0.001). Tonsil size seemed to be greater in parallel with advancement of age (p < 0.001) and increased BMI (p < 0.001).ConclusionTranscervical ultrasonography can be an accurate, safe, cheap, non-invasive and accessible measure for evaluation of the size of tonsils objectively. There were strongly positive correlations between age, BMI and palatine tonsil size in healthy children and variability with respect to descriptive characteristics must be considered during diagnostic procedures and preoperative evaluation.Advances in knowledgeIn our study, we suggest that transcervical ultrasonography can be an accurate, safe, cheap, non-invasive and accessible measure for evaluation of the size of tonsils. There were positive correlations between age, BMI and palatine tonsil size in healthy children.



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Parent educational materials regarding the newborn hearing screening process

Publication date: April 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 95
Author(s): Lata A. Krishnan, Breanne Lawler, Shannon Van Hyfte
PurposeNewborn hearing screening (NHS) procedures and implementation vary from state to state in the US. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content and nature of information provided to parents about their infant's NHS across states to answer two questions: 1) what information is included in each state's parent information brochure? and 2) do the brochures include educational information requested by parents that may help reduce parental anxiety, improve satisfaction, and decrease the potential for misunderstandings?MethodEach state's parent brochures and educational resources provided to parents were accessed via the National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management (NCHAM) website, categorized, and reviewed for content.ResultsResults indicate that the information provided to parents varies considerably across states and many brochures do not contain important information that is desired by parents.ConclusionsNHS procedures may be improved by providing standardized information regarding the process to parents in all states.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: March 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 94





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The clinical efficacy of early intervention for infected preauricular sinus

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Oak-Sung Choo, Top Kim, Jeong Hun Jang, Yun-Hoon Choung
ObjectiveThe study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of early surgical intervention, and to suggest the accurate operation time and surgical strategies.MethodsA total of 190 cases (144 patients) of PAS excision were classified into 2 groups according to their time of surgery; early intervention group (n=53), and non-early intervention group (n=137). Early intervention was defined as excision performed within 3 weeks from their first hospital visit, and after acute infection control, surgical removal was followed regardless of their infection status. The mean age of patients was 18.3 ± 15.7 years old (62 male, 82 female). During surgery, a parallel incision was added when iatrogenic fistula due to incision and drainage (I &D) or additionally opened wounds caused by infection was present.ResultsCases of I & D history, revision cases, use of preoperative antibiotics were significantly higher in the early intervention group compared to the non-early intervention group, however, the time of surgery did not affect the complication rate (p = 0.533). Within the infected cases, only 1 patient from the non-early intervention group showed a minor complication of keloid scar. During our follow up period of minimum of 6 months, there was no recurrence in either groups.ConclusionThe early intervention of PASs does not seem to increase postoperative complication or recurrence rates. A double parallel skin incision is a simple but adequate technique to treat infected PASs.



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In vitro enamel erosion and abrasion-inhibiting effect of different fluoride varnishes

Publication date: May 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 77
Author(s): Adílis Kalina Alexandria, Thiago Isidro Vieira, Matheus Melo Pithon, Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo, Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves, Ana Maria Gondim Valença, Lúcio Mendes Cabral, Lucianne Cople Maia
ObjectiveTo investigate the erosion and abrasion inhibiting effect of CPP-ACP/NaF and xylitol/NaF varnishes.MethodsBovine enamel samples (n=40) were exposed to the following treatments (n=10): NaF varnish (Duraphat^®, positive control); CPP-ACP/NaF varnish (MI varnishTM); xylitol/NaF (Profluorid^®) or distilled and deionized water (MilliQ^®, negative control). The samples were submitted for 3days to 4 cycles/day of erosion (5min in Sprite Zero) and 2 cycles of abrasion/day after the first and last erosive challenge, with a toothbrush machine and slurries of a placebo toothpaste for 15s (50 strokes/s). Among the cycles and after the last daily cycle, the specimens remained in artificial saliva. The change in the enamel surface was evaluated by using 3D non-contact optical profilometry with surface roughness (Ra and Sa values) and tooth structure loss (TSL) measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessed the enamel topographic characteristics. Differences in the Ra, Sa and TSL among treatments were tested using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test.ResultsAll varnishes promoted better results for Ra and Sa values than the negative control (p=0.0001), without difference among them (p>0.05). However, CPP-ACP/NaF varnish stimulated fewer TSL (7.09±0.70μm) compared to NaF varnish (10.33±1.36μm, p=0.002), xylitol/NaF varnish (9.96±0.41μm, p=0.007) and the negative control (18.38±3.32μm, p=0.0001).ConclusionA single-application of fluoride topical varnishes was effective in reducing enamel wear. The CPP-ACP/NaF varnish had the best effect against enamel loss from an erosion-abrasion challenge.



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Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus spp. interfere with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis during biofilm development on titanium surface

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): E. Ciandrini, R. Campana, W. Baffone
ObjectivesThis research investigates the ability of live and heat-killed (HK) Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) to interfere with Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811 during biofilm formation.DesignEight Lactobacillus spp. and two oral colonizers, pathogenic Streptococcus mutans and resident Streptococcus oralis, were characterized for their aggregation abilities, cell surface properties and biofilm formation ability on titanium surface. Then, the interference activity of selected live and HK Lactobacillus spp. during S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm development were performed. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) anti-biofilm activity was also determined.ResultsLAB possess good abilities of auto-aggregation (from 14.19 to 28.97%) and of co-aggregation with S. oralis. The cell-surfaces characteristics were most pronounced in S. mutans and S. oralis, while the highest affinities to xylene and chloroform were observed in Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (56.37%) and Lactobacillus paracasei B21060 (43.83%). S. mutans and S. oralis developed a biofilm on titanium surface, while LAB showed a limited or no ability to create biofilm. Live and HK L. rhamnosus ATCC 53103 and L. paracasei B21060 inhibited streptococci biofilm formation by competition and displacement mechanisms with no substantial differences. The CFCSs of both LAB strains, particularly the undiluted one of L. paracasei B21060, decreased S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm formation.ConclusionsThis study evidenced the association of LAB aggregation abilities and cell-surface properties with the LAB-mediated inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis biofilm formation. Lactobacilli showed different mechanisms of action and peculiar strain-specific characteristics, maintained also in the heat-killed LAB.

Graphical abstract

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Relationships between Oral MUC1 Expression and Salivary Hormones in Burning Mouth Syndrome

Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jeong-Hyun Kang, Yoon-Young Kim, Ji-Youn Chang, Hong-Seop Kho
ObjectivesTo investigate possible relationships among oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression, salivary female gonadal hormones and stress markers, and clinical characteristics in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS).DesignThirty post-menopausal female patients with BMS (60.0±5.0 years) were included. Clinical and psychological evaluations were performed and the expression level of oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 was analyzed. The levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 17β-estradiol, progesterone, chromogranin A, and blood contamination were determined from unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) samples.ResultsSalivary progesterone level had significant positive correlations with oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression level and with salivary cortisol and DHEA levels. The salivary level of 17β-estradiol showed significant positive correlations with period of symptom duration, severity of effects of oral complaints on daily life, and results from psychological evaluations. Cortisol level in UWS and cortisol/DHEA ratio in UWS and SWS had negative correlations with severity of oral burning sensation significantly. The severity of taste disturbance had positive correlations with results from psychometry significantly.ConclusionDysregulated psychoendocrinological interactions might affect oral mucosal MUC1 expression and severity of oral burning sensation in post-menopausal BMS patients.



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