Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the oral cavity of edentulous individuals

Oral health is characterized by functional oral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (oPMNs). Edentulism might be associated with a loss of oPMNs because these cells enter the oral cavity primarily through the gingival crevices. The main aim of this study was to investigate the numbers of oPMNs in rinse samples obtained from edentulous (n = 21) and dentate (n = 20) subjects. A second study aim was to investigate possible differences between oPMNs and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (cPMNs). Apoptosis/necrosis and cell-activation markers (CD11b, CD63 and CD66b) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined either without stimulation (constitutive) or in response to 10 μM phorbol myristate acetate or Fusobacterium nucleatum. The edentulous subjects presented with lower oPMN counts and higher percentages of apoptotic/necrotic oPMNs compared with dentate subjects. Furthermore, oPMNs from edentulous donors expressed low levels of all three activation markers and low constitutive ROS. In contrast, oPMNs from dentate subjects expressed high levels of all three activation markers and a higher level of constitutive ROS than cPMNs. When challenged, oPMNs from edentulous subjects showed no upregulation in ROS production, whereas oPMNs from dentate subjects retained their ability to respond to stimulation. The functional characteristics of cPMNs were comparable between edentulous and dentate subjects. This study demonstrates that despite having functional cPMNs, edentulous subjects have low oPMN numbers that are functionally impaired.

http://ift.tt/2wt2r61

Guided bone regeneration: materials and biological mechanisms revisited

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is commonly used in combination with the installment of titanium implants. The application of a membrane to exclude non-osteogenic tissues from interfering with bone regeneration is a key principle of GBR. Membrane materials possess a number of properties which are amenable to modification. A large number of membranes have been introduced for experimental and clinical verification. This prompts the need for an update on membrane properties and the biological outcomes, as well as a critical assessment of the biological mechanisms governing bone regeneration in defects covered by membranes. The relevant literature for this narrative review was assessed after a MEDLINE/PubMed database search. Experimental data suggest that different modifications of the physicochemical and mechanical properties of membranes may promote bone regeneration. Nevertheless, the precise role of membrane porosities for the barrier function of GBR membranes still awaits elucidation. Novel experimental findings also suggest an active role of the membrane compartment per se in promoting the regenerative processes in the underlying defect during GBR, instead of being purely a passive barrier. The optimization of membrane materials by systematically addressing both the barrier and the bioactive properties is an important strategy in this field of research.

http://ift.tt/2v3jbxg

Autologous platelet-rich plasma versus conventional therapy for the treatment of chronic venous leg ulcers: A comparative study

Summary

Background

Chronic venous leg ulcers drastically reduce the quality of life of affected patients. There is heightened interest in autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as one of the promising therapies for leg ulcers.

Aim

Our aim was to compare the clinical efficacy of PRP in the management of chronic venous leg ulcers vs conventional treatment.

Patients/Methods

In total, 40 patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were included in the study. Twenty patients were treated with autologous PRP weekly for 6 weeks (Group A), and 20 patients were treated with conventional treatment (compression and dressing) for 6 weeks (Group B). Treatment results were calculated by percentage of improvement in area of the ulcer.

Results

Compared to conventional therapy, a highly significant improvement in the ulcer size was observed post-PRP therapy (P-value = .0001). The mean change in the area of the ulcer post-PRP and conventional therapy was 4.92 ± 11.94 cm and 0.13 ± 0.27 cm, respectively, while the mean percentage improvement in the area of the ulcer post-PRP and conventional therapy was 67.6% ± 36.6% and 13.67% ± 28.06%, respectively. Subjective improvement in pain associated with the ulcer was noted by all patients.

Conclusions

Platelet-rich plasma is a safe nonsurgical procedure for treating chronic venous leg ulcers. Additional studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up periods are required to confirm or refute our findings.

http://ift.tt/2vOK8aQ

Effect of different dental burs for experimental induction of pulpitis in mice

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Xilin Shi, Zhengmao Li, Ying He, Qianzhou Jiang, Xuechao Yang
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of using different dental burs on the development of pulpal inflammation after pulpal exposure in mice.DesignEighty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to group A (n=40), group B (n=40) and control group (n=8). The pulps of the maxillary first molars were occlusally exposed using ¼ round burs and polishing burs in group A and B respectively. Animals were sacrificed randomly at 0h, 4h, 8h, 12h and 24h after pulpal exposure. Micro-CT scanning was used to determine the success rate of sample preparation. Pulpal tissue changes were evaluated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsThe success rates of sample preparations were 85% in group A and 90% in group B. The mean maximum diameter of pulpal exposure area was 625.6±30.6μm in group A and 402.7±18.0μm in group B (p<0.05). In addition, the mean of the minimum remaining dentine thickness at the marked region of interest was 133.2±29.9μm in group A and 261.4±16.3μm in group B (p<0.05). Histopathologic staining demonstrated more signs of inflammation in both groups, as the duration of pulpal exposure increases. However, the rate of inflammatory progress was higher in group A, even spreading to the root pulp tissue within a few hours. For group B, the progress was relatively slow.ConclusionsPulpal exposure with different sizes of dental burs affects changes in the development of pulpal inflammation in mice.



http://ift.tt/2fXjYgJ

Effect of different dental burs for experimental induction of pulpitis in mice

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 83
Author(s): Xilin Shi, Zhengmao Li, Ying He, Qianzhou Jiang, Xuechao Yang
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of using different dental burs on the development of pulpal inflammation after pulpal exposure in mice.DesignEighty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to group A (n=40), group B (n=40) and control group (n=8). The pulps of the maxillary first molars were occlusally exposed using ¼ round burs and polishing burs in group A and B respectively. Animals were sacrificed randomly at 0h, 4h, 8h, 12h and 24h after pulpal exposure. Micro-CT scanning was used to determine the success rate of sample preparation. Pulpal tissue changes were evaluated by histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses.ResultsThe success rates of sample preparations were 85% in group A and 90% in group B. The mean maximum diameter of pulpal exposure area was 625.6±30.6μm in group A and 402.7±18.0μm in group B (p<0.05). In addition, the mean of the minimum remaining dentine thickness at the marked region of interest was 133.2±29.9μm in group A and 261.4±16.3μm in group B (p<0.05). Histopathologic staining demonstrated more signs of inflammation in both groups, as the duration of pulpal exposure increases. However, the rate of inflammatory progress was higher in group A, even spreading to the root pulp tissue within a few hours. For group B, the progress was relatively slow.ConclusionsPulpal exposure with different sizes of dental burs affects changes in the development of pulpal inflammation in mice.



http://ift.tt/2fXjYgJ

Breast cancer subtype discrimination using standardized 4-IHC and digital image analysis

Abstract

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Surrogate classification of intrinsic subtypes of invasive carcinomas by combined immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67 (4-IHC) has increased steadily since the 2011 St Gallen symposium, due to its rapid subtyping of tumors at a reasonable cost. An important step in improving 4-IHC reproducibility and reliability will be to provide reference values from the routine use of standardized 4-IHC followed by image analysis. The aims of the current study were (1) to analyze invasive breast carcinomas using standardized 4-IHC and quantitative image analysis and (2) to compare the results obtained in the classification of biological subtypes using current Ki67 and PR threshold values proposed by different authors to sub-classifying the luminal A-like and the luminal B-like (HER2-negative) subtypes. Five hundred twenty-one tumors were analyzed by standardized immunohistochemistry, with automatic image analysis, and HER2 FISH technique. Positivity for ER was found in 82.7% and for PR in 70.1% of cases. Using the Allred scoring system, hormone receptor results showed a bimodal distribution, particularly for ER. HER2 positivity was found in 15.7% of cases, and the mean Ki67 score was 32.3%. Using the most recently proposed surrogate definitions for the classification of luminal breast cancer subtypes, the percentages of different subtypes that we found were similar to those published with genomic platforms: 40.7% luminal A-like, 32.4% luminal B-like/HER2-negative, 9.8% luminal B-like/HER2-positive, 6.0% HER2-positive, and 11.1% triple negative. Standardized 4-IHC with automatic image analysis constitutes a low-cost method for surrogate definitions of biological subtypes of breast cancer that delivers accurate results in a day.

http://ift.tt/2vOoIKR

Conchal contractility after inferior turbinate hypertrophy treatment: A prospective, randomized clinical trial

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of these two methods (Nasal corticosteroids (NCS) and radiofrequency (RF) application) on conchal contractility utilizing objective rhinologic measurement parameters.

http://ift.tt/2igjXVB