Bugging allergy; role of pre-, pro- and synbiotics in allergy prevention

Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Christina E. West, Majda Dzidic, Susan L. Prescott, Maria C. Jenmalm
Large-scale biodiversity loss and complex changes in social behaviors are altering human microbial ecology. This is increasingly implicated in the global rise in inflammatory diseases, most notably the "allergy epidemic" in very early life. Colonization of human ecological niches, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, is critical for normal local and systemic immune development and regulation. Disturbances in composition, diversity and timing of microbial colonization have been associated with increased allergy risk, indicating the importance of strategies to restore a dysbiotic gut microbiota in the primary prevention of allergic diseases, including the administration of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Here, we summarize and discuss findings of randomized clinical trials that have examined the effects of these microbiome-related strategies on short and long-term allergy preventative effects – including new guidelines from the World Allergy Organization which now recommend probiotics and prebiotics for allergy prevention under certain conditions. The relatively low quality evidence, limited comparative studies and large heterogeneity between studies, have collectively hampered recommendations on specific probiotic strains, specific timing and specific conditions for the most effective preventive management. At the same time the risk of using available products is low. While further research is needed before specific practice guidelines on supplement probiotics and prebiotics, it is equally important that the underlying dietary and lifestyle factors of dysbiosis are addressed at both the individual and societal levels.



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Development of a questionnaire to evaluate asthma control in Japanese asthma patients

Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017
Source:Allergology International
Author(s): Yuji Tohda, Soichiro Hozawa, Hiroshi Tanaka
BackgroundThe asthma control questionnaires used in Japan are Japanese translations of those developed outside Japan, and have some limitations; a questionnaire designed to optimally evaluate asthma control levels for Japanese may be necessary. The present study was conducted to validate the Japan Asthma Control Survey (JACS) questionnaire in Japanese asthma patients.MethodsA total of 226 adult patients with mild to severe persistent asthma were enrolled and responded to the JACS questionnaire, asthma control questionnaire (ACQ), and Mini asthma quality of life questionnaire (Mini AQLQ) at Weeks 0 and 4. The reliability, validity, and sensitivity/responsiveness of the JACS questionnaire were evaluated.ResultsThe intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were within the range of 0.55–0.75 for all JACS scores, indicating moderate/substantial reproducibility. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.76 to 0.92 in total and subscale scores, which were greater than the lower limit of internal consistency. As for factor validity, the cumulative contribution ratio of four main factors was 0.66. For criterion-related validity, the correlation coefficients between the JACS total score and ACQ5, ACQ6, and Mini AQLQ scores were −0.78, −0.78, and 0.77, respectively, showing a significant correlation (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe JACS questionnaire was validated in terms of reliability and validity. It will be necessary to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy measured by the JACS questionnaire and calculate cutoff values for the asthma control status in a higher number of patients.Clinical Trial registrationUMIN000016589



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Venous thromboembolism and hyperhomocysteinemia as first manifestation of pernicious anemia: a case series

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suspected of favoring thrombosis. Several case–control studies and even a meta-analysis have confirmed a link between venous thrombosis and hyperhomocysteinemia. Homocysteine is d...

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Evaluation of carbon dioxide laser therapy for benign tumors of the eyelid margin

Abstract

Eyelid margin tumors require special attention based on both anatomical and histological perspectives. Our aim in this study was to evaluate carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser therapy for the treatment of eyelid margin tumors. Fifty-two patients with 55 eyelid margin tumors were included in this study. All tumors were removed with a CO₂ laser, and histopathological evaluation was obtained in 52 cases. All patients were followed up for a mean period of 8.5 months (range 6 to 14 months). There were no bleedings in the intra- and postoperative period; the wounds were dry and reepithelized after 10–14 days and no recurrence occurred during follow-up period. Compared to the surrounding tissue, the treated area was hypopigmented and maximum five eyelashes (average 2.5) were wasted during the procedure. We achieved complete patient and surgeon satisfaction with cosmetic and therapeutic results. CO₂ laser treatment of eyelid margin is a safe and effective procedure; its cosmetic result is beneficial as it does not cause malposition of the eyelid or damage to the lacrimal drainage system if the tumor is located in its proximity.

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Cetuximab with radiotherapy as an alternative treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone

Publication date: Available online 1 September 2017
Source:Auris Nasus Larynx
Author(s): Koji Ebisumoto, Kenji Okami, Masashi Hamada, Daisuke Maki, Akihiro Sakai, Kosuke Saito, Fukuko Shimizu, Shoji Kaneda, Masahiro Iida
The prognosis of advanced temporal bone cancer is poor, because complete surgical resection is difficult to achieve. Chemoradiotherapy is one of the available curative treatment options; however, its systemic effects on the patient restrict the use of this treatment. A 69-year-old female (who needed peritoneal dialysis) presented at our clinic with T4 left external auditory canal cancer and was treated with cetuximab plus radiotherapy (RT). The primary lesion showed complete response. The patient is currently alive with no evidence of disease two years after completion of the treatment and does not show any late toxicity. This is the first advanced temporal bone cancer patient treated with RT plus cetuximab. Cetuximab plus RT might be a treatment alternative for patients with advanced temporal bone cancer.



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Nasal interleukin 25 as a novel biomarker for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and airway hypersensitiveness

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airway and is tightly linked with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and asthma. However, the surrogate biomarkers for indicating AHR and asthma in patients with CRSwNP remain elusive.

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Assessing hypoxia risk during air travel after a severe asthma exacerbation in children

Decreased atmospheric cabin pressure in commercial aircrafts (cruising altitude 9,000–13,000 m), requiring cabin pressurization from 1,530 to 2,440 m, is equivalent to breathing a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 15.1% at sea level.

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