Issue Information

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Issue Information

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IL-36 in hidradenitis suppurativa: Evidence for a distinctive pro-inflammatory role and a key factor in the development of an inflammatory loop

Abstract

Background

A possible regulatory involvement of the interleukin (IL)-36 family in inflammatory diseases has been suggested.

Objectives

To analyze the expression of IL-36α, β, γ, and the antagonistic cytokines IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL38 in the skin of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients.

Methods

Skin samples from lesional and corresponding perilesional HS skin, and from healthy controls were included in this study and analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. To evaluate the PCR results of IL-36α, β, and γ, a subset of skin samples was studied by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Expression levels of IL-36α, β, γ, and IL-36Ra were all significantly higher in lesional HS skin compared to healthy controls. IL-37 and IL-38 were significantly higher in perilesional HS skin compared to healthy controls and decreased in lesional HS skin.

Limitations

Descriptive study and small sample size.

Conclusions

Our results showed a possible involvement of IL-36 cytokines in the inflammatory network of HS and a dysbalance between the agonistic and antagonistic cytokines in HS skin.

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Systemic retinoids and psychiatric disorders in patients with skin diseases: a multifactorial relationship

Abstract

Le Moigne and colleagues reviewed case reports to examine a possible causal linkage between systemic retinoids and psychiatric disorders.¹ The authors conclude that systemic retinoids should be prescribed with vigilance for patients with psychiatric disorders. While we agree with a need for vigilance, we caution against prematurely concluding that there is a causal association.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Fat attacks!: a case of fat embolisation syndrome postliposuction

Liposuction is a procedure commonly performed in the UK usually with a low incidence of serious sequelae; however with larger patients and increased volumes of lipoaspirate, complications have been reported more frequently. One of the rare but very serious complications postliposuction is fat embolism syndrome (FES), a life-threatening condition difficult to diagnose and limited in treatment.

The authors present the case of a 45-year-old woman who was admitted to the intensive care unit postelective liposuction for bilateral leg lipoedema. She presented with the triad of respiratory failure, cerebral dysfunction and petechial rash requiring a brief period of organ support. This case highlights that with the recent increase in liposuction procedures worldwide, FES is a differential to always consider. Although still a rare condition this article emphasises the importance of thinking outside the box and how to identify and manage such a life-threatening complication.

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Comprehensive analysis of 225 Castleman’s diseases in the oral maxillofacial and neck region: a rare disease revisited

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to comprehensively summarize the epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics, treatments as well as prognosis of Castleman's disease (CD) identified in the oral maxillofacial and neck region.

Materials and methods

Patients with CD in the oral maxillofacial and neck were retrieved from disease registry at our institution from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2015. Systematic reviews from both English and Chinese literature were performed to collect the detailed information about the oral maxillofacial and neck CD. The epidemiological, clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes were further statistically analyzed.

Results

Four patients with the oral maxillofacial and neck CD were identified and histologically confirmed as hyaline-vascular type. They underwent surgical excision without recurrence during the follow-up. Systematic literature reviews identified 221 cases from 123 eligible articles which satisfied the inclusion criteria. In 225 patients, most patients were diagnosed as unicentric (207) or hyaline-vascular type (205) of CD and identified in the neck, and treated by surgical resection with good prognosis. In contrast, the minority of patients was multicentric or plasma-cell/mixed type and treated by chemotherapy with inferior outcomes. Kaplan-Meir analyses revealed that both clinical and pathological types were significantly associated with patients' overall survival.

Conclusions

Although rare, most cases of the oral maxillofacial neck CD are found in adults and classified as unicentric and hyaline-vascular type of CD. Complete surgical excision is preferred with favorable prognosis for unicentric disease, whereas chemotherapy is usually exploited for multicentric disease with inferior outcomes.

Clinical relevance

These data provide comprehensive information about the epidemiology, clinicopathological features, treatments, and outcomes of the oral maxillofacial and neck CD.

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Osteitis of the radius following Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination at birth: a case report

The Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine, which is used for the prevention of tuberculosis, is considered protective against the severe forms of childhood tuberculosis. However, some serious adverse reactions incl...

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