A case of Kaposi varicelliform eruption progressing to herpes simplex virus hepatitis in an immunocompetent patient

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An audit of compliance with tuberculosis screening prior to treatment with biologics in psoriasis

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The effect of magnolol on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiology in human oral cancer cells

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Shu-Feng Hsieh, Chiang-Ting Chou, Wei-Zhe Liang, Chun-Chi Kuo, Jue-Long Wang, Lyh-Jyh Hao, Chung-Ren Jan
ObjectiveMagnolol, a polyphenol compound from herbal medicines, was shown to alter physiology in various cell models. However, the effect of magnolol on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and its related physiology in oral cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether magnolol altered Ca²⁺ signaling and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells.MethodsCytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in suspended cells were measured by using the fluorescent Ca²⁺-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay.ResultsMagnolol at concentrations of 20–100 μM induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Ca²⁺ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Magnolol (100 μM) induced Mn²⁺ influx suggesting of Ca²⁺ entry. Magnolol-induced Ca²⁺ entry was partially suppressed by protein kinase C (PKC) regulators, and inhibitors of store-operated Ca²⁺ channels. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished magnolol-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with magnolol abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 partially inhibited magnolol-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Magnolol at 20–100 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca²⁺ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM).ConclusionsTogether, in OC2 cells, magnolol induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking partially PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Magnolol also caused Ca²⁺-independent cell death. Therefore, magnolol-induced cytotoxicity may not be involved in activation mechanisms associated with intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in oral cancer cells.



http://ift.tt/2o893kB

Effects of Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid on its Viscosity and Enzymatic Activities of Lysozyme and Peroxidase

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jihoon Kim, Ji-Youn Chang, Yoon-Young Kim, Moon-Jong Kim, Hong-Seop Kho
ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on its viscosity and enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase in solution and on the hydroxyapatite surface.DesignHyaluronic acids of four different molecular weights (10 kDa, 100 kDa, 1 MDa, and 2 MDa), hen egg-white lysozyme, bovine lactoperoxidase, and human whole saliva were used. Viscosity values of hyaluronic acids were measured using a cone-and-plate viscometer at six different concentrations (0.1-5.0 mg/mL). Enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase were examined by hydrolysis of fluorescein-labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus and oxidation of fluorogenic 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein to fluorescing 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein, respectively.ResultsIn solution assays, only 2 MDa-hyaluronic acid significantly inhibited lysozyme activities in saliva. In surface assays, hyaluronic acids inhibited lysozyme and peroxidase activities; the inhibitory activities were more apparent with high-molecular-weight ones in saliva than in purified enzymes. The 100 kDa-hyaluronic acid at 5.0 mg/mL, 1 MDa-one at 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 MDa-one at 0.2 mg/mL showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva at a shear rate range required for normal oral functions. The differences among the influences of the three conditions on the enzymatic activities were not statistically significant.ConclusionsHigh-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids at low concentration and low-molecular-weight ones at high concentration showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva. Inhibitory effects of hyaluronic acids on lysozyme and peroxidase activities were more significant with high-molecular-weight ones on the surface and in saliva compared with in solution and on purified enzymes.



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Efficacy of different strategies to treat root dentin eroded by liquid or gaseous hydrochloric acid associated with brushing abrasion

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni, Carmen Victoria Torres Toro, Laís Lopes Machado de Matos, Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate how casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) associated with Nd:YAG or Diode laser affects dentin exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) with or without tooth brushing.DesignOne hundred and sixty human root dentin blocks were selected after they were initially eroded with liquid HCl (pH 1.2) 3x for one day. The blocks were divided into the following groups: G1– liquid HCl (HCl-l), G2– HCl-l + brushing, G3– gaseous HCl (HCl-g), and G4– HCl-g + brushing. Each group was randomly assigned to the following treatments (n = 10): A) Control (no treatment), B) CPP-ACP, C) CPP-ACP associated with Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) (40 mJ, 10 Hz, 0.4 W, 15 s), and D) CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (λ = 980 nm) (0.5 W, 200 μs, 15 s). The treatment with CPP-ACP (G2, G3 and G4) was applied on the dentine surface for 5 min. Erosion (6x/day/20 s) and erosion (6x/day/20 s) with abrasion (2x/10 s) were performed for five days. Dentin volume loss was determined by 3D confocal laser microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests.ResultsG1 - CPP-ACP (10.77 ± 1.66) and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (9.98 ± 0.89) showed lower volume loss in relation Control group (12.86 ± 0.63) (p < 0.05). G2 - CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (12.41 ± 1.08) elicited lower volume loss as compared to the Control (14.42 ± 1.24) (p < 0.05). As for G3 and G4, all treatments showed similar volume loss.ConclusionCPP-ACP and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could control dental tissue loss in dentin eroded by liquid HCl. Moreover, CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could effectively decrease dental tissue loss in dentin exposed to liquid HCl and brushing.



http://ift.tt/2o4z4Bg

The effect of magnolol on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related physiology in human oral cancer cells

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Shu-Feng Hsieh, Chiang-Ting Chou, Wei-Zhe Liang, Chun-Chi Kuo, Jue-Long Wang, Lyh-Jyh Hao, Chung-Ren Jan
ObjectiveMagnolol, a polyphenol compound from herbal medicines, was shown to alter physiology in various cell models. However, the effect of magnolol on Ca²⁺ homeostasis and its related physiology in oral cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether magnolol altered Ca²⁺ signaling and cell viability in OC2 human oral cancer cells.MethodsCytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) in suspended cells were measured by using the fluorescent Ca²⁺-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) assay.ResultsMagnolol at concentrations of 20–100 μM induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Ca²⁺ removal reduced the signal by approximately 50%. Magnolol (100 μM) induced Mn²⁺ influx suggesting of Ca²⁺ entry. Magnolol-induced Ca²⁺ entry was partially suppressed by protein kinase C (PKC) regulators, and inhibitors of store-operated Ca²⁺ channels. In Ca²⁺-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished magnolol-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Conversely, treatment with magnolol abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca²⁺]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 partially inhibited magnolol-induced [Ca²⁺]i rises. Magnolol at 20–100 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca²⁺ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA/AM).ConclusionsTogether, in OC2 cells, magnolol induced [Ca²⁺]i rises by evoking partially PLC-dependent Ca²⁺ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca²⁺ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Magnolol also caused Ca²⁺-independent cell death. Therefore, magnolol-induced cytotoxicity may not be involved in activation mechanisms associated with intracellular Ca²⁺ mobilization in oral cancer cells.



http://ift.tt/2o893kB

Effects of Molecular Weight of Hyaluronic Acid on its Viscosity and Enzymatic Activities of Lysozyme and Peroxidase

Publication date: Available online 14 February 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jihoon Kim, Ji-Youn Chang, Yoon-Young Kim, Moon-Jong Kim, Hong-Seop Kho
ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on its viscosity and enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase in solution and on the hydroxyapatite surface.DesignHyaluronic acids of four different molecular weights (10 kDa, 100 kDa, 1 MDa, and 2 MDa), hen egg-white lysozyme, bovine lactoperoxidase, and human whole saliva were used. Viscosity values of hyaluronic acids were measured using a cone-and-plate viscometer at six different concentrations (0.1-5.0 mg/mL). Enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase were examined by hydrolysis of fluorescein-labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus and oxidation of fluorogenic 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein to fluorescing 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein, respectively.ResultsIn solution assays, only 2 MDa-hyaluronic acid significantly inhibited lysozyme activities in saliva. In surface assays, hyaluronic acids inhibited lysozyme and peroxidase activities; the inhibitory activities were more apparent with high-molecular-weight ones in saliva than in purified enzymes. The 100 kDa-hyaluronic acid at 5.0 mg/mL, 1 MDa-one at 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 MDa-one at 0.2 mg/mL showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva at a shear rate range required for normal oral functions. The differences among the influences of the three conditions on the enzymatic activities were not statistically significant.ConclusionsHigh-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids at low concentration and low-molecular-weight ones at high concentration showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva. Inhibitory effects of hyaluronic acids on lysozyme and peroxidase activities were more significant with high-molecular-weight ones on the surface and in saliva compared with in solution and on purified enzymes.



http://ift.tt/2EEw49d