CBNAAT: A Boon for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis-Head and Neck

Abstract

Tuberculosis of head and neck has been an under diagnosed entity due to large number of smear negative cases, which results in missing out the positive cases, further increasing the burden of TB. The role of cartridge- based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) with a potential to diagnose TB and rifampicin resistance within 2 h is promising. The study highlights the extended implications of CBNAAT in infectious lesions of head and neck, where the pus or aspirate was subjected to this test, along with other investigations which have been routinely used for detection of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Twelve patients with infective lesions of head and neck were included in this prospective study, conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and hospital, Jabalpur from September 2016 to March 2017. They were investigated for pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB. CBNAAT, microscopy, FNAC and HPR from the site of lesion were done. Nine out of twelve patients were diagnosed positive for Tuberculosis. Microscopy (ZN staining) could detect only two such cases, whereas FNAC showed granulomatous lesion in 3 cases (33.3%). CBNAAT was positive in 77.7% of the total positive cases. Histopathological examination showed 100% results but was feasible only in selected number of cases (4 in this study). CBNAAT provides a promising role in early diagnosis of TB in head and neck. Its high sensitivity and less time taking procedure makes it an excellent tool for timely diagnosis of such cases.

https://ift.tt/2JPRNL6

Thyroid Dysfunction Following Management of Non-thyroid Head and Neck Cancers

Abstract

Head and neck cancers are one of the commonest malignancies in India. Majority of cases of head and neck malignancy undergo chemoradiation with or without surgery. Thyroid bears the brunt in terms of either excision or the gland tends to get irradiated and fibrosed. In either scenario the functionality of gland is lost leading to hypothyroidism and other clinical manifestations. It tends to get subclinical and goes unnoticed. To identify the occurrence of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism among head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation to the neck and to justify routine use of thyroid function tests during follow up. It was a prospective non randomized control study of 100 patients of head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy for duration of 1 year. Thyroid stimulating hormone and T3 and T4 estimations were done at baseline and at 3 and 9 months following radiotherapy. Out of 100 patients, 72 (72%) were males and 28 (28%) were females. All the patients received radiation to the neck to a dose of > 30 Gy. 35 patients received concurrent chemotherapy. 11 patients were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism while 32 patients developed significant clinical hypothyroidism (P value of 0.001). Thus a total of 43 patients developed radiation induced hypothyroidism. 20 of the 32 patients who developed clinical hypothyroidism were in the age group of 41–50 years. 11 of 32 patients who developed clinical hypothyroidism received chemoradiation while rest 21 received radiotherapy alone. Mean period for developing radiation induced hypothyroidism was 4.5 months. Hypothyrodism (clinical or subclinical) is an under recognised morbidity of external radiation to the neck which is seen following a minimum dose of 30 Gy to the neck. Recognising hypothyroidism (clinical or subclinical) early and treating it prevents thyroid dysfunction related complications. Hence, thyroid function tests should be made routine during follow up in all patients undergoing radiotherapy.

https://ift.tt/2EMHX8Y

The Reliability of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Sensor for Intra- and Intersession Measurements

Abstract

A new nasal sensor has been designed using Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film using its piezoelectric property to measure nasal patency. The aim of this study is to determine the intra- and intersession reliability of the new PVDF nasal sensor measurement of unilateral and combined nasal parameters in a group of healthy subjects. Two identical nasal sensors: for right nostril (RN) and left nostril (LN) were designed using piezoelectric natured PVDF films. Twenty subjects were studied. To evaluate the repeatability, total three sets of PVDF sensor measurements were recorded, two sets were taken 5 min apart during same session without repositioning the PVDF nasal sensors and two more sets were taken during 1 h apart successively, by repositioning the PVDF nasal sensor. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of PVDF sensor measurements for intra- and intersession showed a high and greater repeatability over time for all the combined (mean) and unilateral (RN and LN) values. In both healthy and patients, ICC values for both intra- and intersession measurements were ≥ 0.80 confirming strong reliability and also almost all of the coefficients of variation for the same parameters were low (below 10%). PVDF sensor measurements showed good intra- and intersession repeatability and can be recommended for the objective monitoring of nasal patency during diagnosis and follow-up of conditions.

https://ift.tt/2JNzztz

A Study on Neck Nodes in Oral Cancers, with Special Reference to Skip Metastasis

Abstract

To analyse the distribution of Neck metastases (NM) and to study frequency of skip metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity. From September 2012 to April 2013, 30 previously untreated patients with SCC of oral cavity underwent primary surgical treatment in our institution. From pathological report of Neck dissection specimen prevalence and distribution of NM were ascertained. All patients were classified according to American Joint Committee on Cancer 2005 TNM classification. Overall frequency of NM was 36.7%. Frequency of occult metastases was 33.3%. N+ metastases found in 37% cases. The overall frequency of NM in level IV and V was 9.5%. Isolated level III involvement was found in 3.3%. No isolated level IV and V involvement was found. Skip metastases to level III LN was 6.7%. We did not find any skip metastases to level IV in our study. Neck nodes at greater risk for metastases were level I and II (50 and 28.6%). Level III (11.9%), IV (7.14%), V (2.38%). The risk of skip metastases to level IV was nil in our study.

https://ift.tt/2viqQMz

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on postoperative pain after endodontic treatment: a randomized, controlled, clinical study

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this prospective, randomized, clinical study was to assess the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) with low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on postoperative pain after endodontic treatment.

Materials and methods

Sixty patients, diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis in lower molar teeth, participated in the study. All treatments were performed by a single operator. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: in the experimental group (EG), endodontic treatment was performed with a reciprocating system, immediately followed by PBM with LLLI; and only endodontic treatment was performed in the control group (CG). Postoperative pain was assessed by a second examiner, who was blinded, using two scales: verbal rating scale (VRS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Assessment was carried out at 6, 12, and 24 h after treatment. Data were analyzed using chi-squared, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney tests, ordinal, and non-parametric regression analyses.

Results

For the prevalence of pain, the difference between the groups was significant for the evaluations performed after 6 h (p = 0.04) and 24 h (p = 0.02). The difference after 24 h remained significant after stratification by sex and extrusion of filling material. Increased pain intensity was associated with extrusion of root canal filling material to the periapical region in the two scales used.

Conclusion

The effect of PBM therapy after endodontic treatment showed a significant decreasein prevalence of postoperative pain.

Clinical relevance

The PBM reduces the prevalence of postoperative pain and may benefit patients who need endodontic treatment.

https://ift.tt/2JPg6Zl

Nine prophylactic polishing pastes: impact on discoloration, gloss, and surface properties of a CAD/CAM resin composite

Abstract

Objectives

To investigate discoloration reduction and changes of surface properties of a CAD/CAM resin composite after 14 days´ storage in red wine and polishing with nine different prophylactic polishing pastes (PPPs).

Materials and methods

Rectangular discs (N = 172) were fabricated and polished (P4000) using GC Cerasmart (GC Europe) to investigate different polishing protocols with 1–4 related descending PPPs (22 in total): Cleanic/CLE-Kerr, CleanJoy/CLJ-Voco, Clean Polish/Super Polish/SPO-Kerr, Clinpro Prophy Paste/CPP-3M, Détartrine/DET-Septodont, Nupro/NUP-Dentsply Sirona, Prophy Paste CCS/CCS-Directa, Proxyt/PXT-Ivoclar Vivadent, and Zircate/ZIR Prophy Paste-Dentsply Sirona. Surface properties (roughness values (RV)/Ra, Rz, Rv, surface free energy (SFE), surface gloss (G), and discoloration (ΔE)) were analyzed before and after storage and additional polishing. Data were examined using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-B post hoc, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests (α < 0.05).

Results

Regarding RV, CLE, followed by CCS, and CPP showed the highest values; the lowest presented SPO and DET (p < 0.001). No impact of PPP was observed on ΔE values (p = 0.160). The lowest SFE presented DET, followed by SPO; highest showed CCS followed by NUP and CPP (p < 0.001). Within G, lowest values were observed for CLE and NUP, followed by CCS, ZIP, and CLJ (p < 0.001); the highest presented SPO (p < 0.001). Polishing showed generally a positive impact on SFE values (p < 0.001–p = 0.007), except ZIP (p = 0.322) and CLE (p = 0.083). G increased and RV decreased after polishing (p < 0.001), except SPO, with no significant change for G (p = 0.786).

Conclusions

Polishing with PPPs improves the surface properties and is generally recommended. The choice of PPP has a minor role in removing discolorations. Multi-step systems should be carried out conscientiously.

Clinical relevance

The proper selection of PPP is essential for the clinical outcome of surface properties of prosthetic restorations. Not every polishing paste leads to the same final surface quality.

https://ift.tt/2EPhsj9

CBNAAT: A Boon for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis-Head and Neck

Abstract

Tuberculosis of head and neck has been an under diagnosed entity due to large number of smear negative cases, which results in missing out the positive cases, further increasing the burden of TB. The role of cartridge- based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) with a potential to diagnose TB and rifampicin resistance within 2 h is promising. The study highlights the extended implications of CBNAAT in infectious lesions of head and neck, where the pus or aspirate was subjected to this test, along with other investigations which have been routinely used for detection of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Twelve patients with infective lesions of head and neck were included in this prospective study, conducted in Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and hospital, Jabalpur from September 2016 to March 2017. They were investigated for pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB. CBNAAT, microscopy, FNAC and HPR from the site of lesion were done. Nine out of twelve patients were diagnosed positive for Tuberculosis. Microscopy (ZN staining) could detect only two such cases, whereas FNAC showed granulomatous lesion in 3 cases (33.3%). CBNAAT was positive in 77.7% of the total positive cases. Histopathological examination showed 100% results but was feasible only in selected number of cases (4 in this study). CBNAAT provides a promising role in early diagnosis of TB in head and neck. Its high sensitivity and less time taking procedure makes it an excellent tool for timely diagnosis of such cases.

https://ift.tt/2JPRNL6