Applying artificial intelligence to assess the impact of orthognathic treatment on facial attractiveness and estimated age

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Author(s): R. Patcas, D.A.J. Bernini, A. Volokitin, E. Agustsson, R. Rothe, R. Timofte

Abstract

This observational study aimed to use artificial intelligence to describe the impact of orthognathic treatment on facial attractiveness and age appearance. Pre- and post-treatment photographs (n = 2164) of 146 consecutive orthognathic patients were collected for this longitudinal retrospective single-centre study. Every image was annotated with patient-related data (age; sex; malocclusion; performed surgery). For every image, facial attractiveness (score: 0–100) and apparent age were established with dedicated convolutional neural networks trained on >0.5 million images for age estimation and with >17 million ratings for attractiveness. Results for pre- and post-treatment photographs were averaged for every patient separately, and apparent age compared to real age (appearance). Changes in appearance and facial attractiveness were statistically examined. Analyses were performed on the entire sample and subgroups (sex; malocclusion; performed surgery). According to the algorithms, most patients' appearance improved with treatment (66.4%), resulting in younger appearance of nearly 1 year [mean change: −0.93 years (95% confidence interval (CI): −1.50; −0.36); p = 0.002), especially after profile-altering surgery. Orthognathic treatment had similarly a beneficial effect on attractiveness in 74.7% [mean difference: 1.22 (95% CI: 0.81; 1.63); p < 0.001], especially after lower jaw surgery. This investigation illustrates that artificial intelligence might be considered to score facial attractiveness and apparent age in orthognathic patients.

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Learning curve for endoscopic evaluation of vocal folds lesions with narrow band imaging

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

Author(s): Michał Żurek, Anna Rzepakowska, Ewa Osuch-Wójcikiewicz, Kazimierz Niemczyk

Abstract

Introduction

The endoscopic methods are progressing and becoming more common in routine clinical diagnosis in the field of otorhinolaryngology. Relatively large amount of researches have proved high accuracy of narrow band imaging endoscopy in differentiating benign and malignant lesions within vocal folds. However, little is known about learning curve in narrow band imaging evaluation of laryngeal lesions.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the learning curve for the narrow band imaging evaluation of vocal folds pathologies depending on the duration of the procedure.

Methods

Records of 134 narrow band imaging that were analyzed in terms of the duration of the procedure and the accuracy of diagnosis confirmed by histopathological diagnosis were enrolled in the study. The narrow band imaging examinations were performed sequentially by one investigator over a period of 18 months.

Results

The average duration of narrow band imaging recordings was 127.82 s. All 134 studies were divided into subsequent series of several elements. An evident decrease in time of investigation was noticed between 13th and 14th series, when the examinations were divided into 5 elements series, which corresponds to the difference between 65th and 70th subsequent narrow band imaging examination. Parallel groups of 67 examinations were created. Group 1 included 1st to 67th subsequent narrow band imaging examination; Group 2 – 68th to 134th narrow band imaging examinations. The non-parametric U Mann–Whitney test confirmed statistically significant difference between the mean duration of narrow band imaging examination in both groups 160.5 s and 95.1 s, respectively (p < 10⁻⁷). Sensitivity and specificity of narrow band imaging examination in the first group were respectively: 83.7% and 76.7%. In the second group, these indicators amounted 98.1% and 80% respectively.

Conclusions

A minimum of 65th–70th narrow band imaging examinations are required to reach a plateau phase of the learning process in assessment of glottis lesions. Analysis of learning curves is useful for the development of training programs and determination of a mastery level.

Resumo

Introdução

Os métodos endoscópicos estão progredindo e se tornando comuns no diagnóstico clínico de rotina também na otorrinolaringologia. Um número relativamente grande de pesquisas demonstrou alta precisão na endoscopia com imagem de banda estreita na diferenciação de lesões benignas e malignas nas pregas vocais. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a curva de aprendizado na avaliação da de banda estreita de lesões laríngeas.

Objetivo

O objetivo do nosso estudo foi determinar a curva de aprendizado para a avaliação por imagem de banda estreita das afecções das pregas vocais, de acordo com a duração do procedimento.

Método

Foram incluídos no estudo 134 registros de imagens de banda estreita analisadas em termos da duração do procedimento e da acurácia do diagnóstico confirmado pelo diagnóstico histopatológico. Os exames com imagem de banda estreita foram realizados sequencialmente por um investigador por um período de 18 meses.

Resultados

A duração média dos registros de imagem de banda estreita foi de 127,82s. Todos os 134 estudos foram divididos em séries subsequentes de vários elementos. Uma evidente diminuição no tempo de investigação foi observada entre as séries 13 e 14, quando os exames foram divididos em séries de 5 elementos, o que corresponde à diferença entre o 65° e 70° exames de imagem de banda estreita subsequentes. Foram criados grupos paralelos de 67 exames. O grupo 1 incluiu o 1° ao 67° exame de imagem de banda estreita subsequente; Grupo 2 – o 68° ao 134° exame de imagem de banda estreita. O teste não-paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney confirmou uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre a duração média do exame de imagem de banda estreita em ambos os grupos de 160,5s e 95,1s, respectivamente (p < 10^-7). A sensibilidade e especificidade do exame de imagem de banda estreita no primeiro grupo foram, respectivamente: 83,7% e 76,7%. No segundo grupo, esses indicadores foram 98,1% e 80%, respectivamente.

Conclusões

Um mínimo de 65 a 70 exames de imagem de banda estreita são necessários para se atingir a fase de estabilização (plateau) do processo de aprendizado na avaliação de lesões de glote. A análise das curvas de aprendizado é útil para o desenvolvimento de programas de treinamento e determinar o n.

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Otopalatodigital syndrome type I: New temporal bone CT-scan sign in a case with a de novo novel mutation

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

Author(s): Marta Martínez-López, Ana Navedo, Reyes López De Mesa, Francisco Javier Cervera-Paz

https://ift.tt/2Mkg1Og

A long styloid process and Collet–Sicard syndrome

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

Author(s): João Simões, Sofia Paiva, Jorge Miguéis, António Miguéis

https://ift.tt/2M0OYdX

Evaluación de la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio mediante el cuestionario de disfunción tubárica (ETDQ-7) y la tubomanometría

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española

Author(s): Mayte Herrera, Gustavo Eisenberg, Guillermo Plaza

Resumen

Objetivo

Evaluación del grado de severidad de la disfunción tubárica crónica mediante la adaptación al español del Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) y mediante el empleo de la tubomanometría (TMM).

Materiales y métodos

Validación española del cuestionario ETDQ-7. Muestra: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes compuesto por 125 pacientes, de ellos 75 con enfermedad ótica compatible con la existencia de disfunción tubárica crónica. Medidas de evaluación: administración de la versión española del ETDQ-7 tras traducción y retrotraducción y establecimiento de su fiabilidad y consistencia interna. Evaluación de la utilidad de la TMM junto con el ETDQ-7 en el estudio de una posible disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio.

Resultados

La adaptación española del ETDQ-7 muestra fiabilidad y consistencia interna elevada. La unión de la TMM aumenta la sensibilidad y la especificidad en el diagnóstico de la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio.

Conclusión

La adaptación del ETDQ-7 al español es válida, fiable y puede ser utilizada en la evaluación clínica para cuantificar el impacto y la severidad de la disfunción tubárica crónica en el paciente. Un test nuevo formado por la suma del ETDQ-7 y la TMM podrían convertirse en un método exploratorio de rutina en el diagnóstico de la disfunción de la trompa de Eustaquio.

Abstract

Objective

Evaluation of the severity of Eustachian tube dysfunction using the Spanish validation of the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire-7 (ETDQ-7) and tubomanometry (TMM).

Materials and methods

Spanish validation of the ETDQ-7. Patients: Prospective study with 125 patients, 75 of whom reported symptoms compatible with Eustachian tube dysfunction. Outcome measures: The Spanish version of the ETDQ-7 was administered after translation and back-translation. Internal consistency and reliability were established. Usefulness evaluation of TMM plus ETDQ-7 in the study of Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Results

The Spanish adaptation of the ETDQ-7 showed high reliability and internal consistency. TMM and ETDQ-7 together showed increased sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Conclusions

The Spanish adaptation of the ETDQ-7 is valid, reliable and can be used in a clinical setting to quantify the impact and severity of chronic dysfunction on patients' lives. A new test formed by combining ETDQ-7 and TMM could be a routine test in the diagnosis of Eustachian tube dysfunction.

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IgE deficiency and prior malignancy: results of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)

Publication date: Available online 4 August 2018

Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

Author(s): Denisa Ferastraoaru, David Rosenstreich

https://ift.tt/2vixdgC

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) for the promotion of bone cell proliferation and tissue regeneration

Abstract

Objectives

Over the past few years, studies about growth factors have been increasingly developed and the knowledge of their role in stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation used for therapeutic purposes. This study aims to compare a platelets concentrate, the plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) to a control, consisting of cellulose membranes, to evaluate in vitro the cellular adhesion and migration of human osteoblasts (hOb) and understand if the use of platelets concentrates could be an advantage in view of bone tissue regeneration.

Study design

Twenty-seven human donors provided 27 blood samples used to make 54 samples: 27 for PRGF and 27 for the control group. PRGFs and controls were incubated for 48 h in sterility in 1 ml of culture with 10⁵ hOb and hOb in the scaffolds were then quantified.

Results

In PRGF samples, hObs were more numerous than in controls. (T = 6.6964, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Human osteoblasts are driven to colonize PRGFs with a greater efficacy than negative controls, probably due to the presence of chemokines and growth factors in PRGFs.

https://ift.tt/2vfbC8Q