Indian Journal of Oral Sciences

• Tobacco-ending an unhealthy trend

  Neeta Pasricha, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Neeta Pasricha
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):39-40
  
  
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• Pulp vitality tests - an overview on comparison of sensitivity and vitality

  A Arun, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  A Arun, H Mythri, Dale Chachapan
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):41-46
  
  Pulp vitality testing is only one facet of oral diagnosis, which is crucial in monitoring the health of the dental pulp. A pain response to hot, cold, or an electric pulp tester indicates the vitality of only a tooth's pulpal sensory supply. Although the sensitivity of these traditional tests is high, the response does not give any idea about the state of the pulp. They often yield false-negative and false-positive response. The newer pulp testing considers the vascular supply is more important to determine the health of the pulp than the sensory supply. Hence, pulp testing has been always an 'overvalued' and 'underused' diagnostic aid. This article attempts to give a comprehensive view of all the tests based on sensitivity as well as vitality.
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• Dental implant in diabetic patients: Statement of facts

  Rajashree D Jadhav, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Rajashree D Jadhav, Ajay V Sabane, Paresh V Gandhi, Amit Thareja
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):47-50
  
  Dental implants have become ideal treatment modality in patients with missing teeth. As implants are directly anchored into bones, they provide stability, a more natural appearance, and minimize the risk of bone resorption and atrophy. Diabetes mellitus is classified as a risk factor for implant treatment, and severe or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus has been suggested to be a contraindication for treatment with dental implants. Diabetic patients experience delayed wound healing, which affects the osseointegration process. Diabetes mellitus may impair bone healing after dental implant placement. As a result of that, failure rate of dental implant in diabetic patients is much higher than that in non-diabetic patients. Some studies show that individuals with well-controlled diabetes have implant survival rates similar to those of controls without diabetes. This article presents various aspects of diabetes and its effects on osseointegration and implant success.
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• Prevalence of self-medication among dental patients in rural area of Maharashtra, India: A cross-sectional study

  Shivlal M Rawlani, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Shivlal M Rawlani, Sudhir Rawlani, Rahul Bhowte, Shirish Degwekar, Shobha Rawlani, Rakhi Chandak
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):51-54
  
  Aim: Odontalgia is a painful condition which is commonly associated to self-medication. The study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication practices among dental patients presenting at a tertiary health care centers in Maharashtra, India, and to determine various causes associated with self-medication for dental related problems. Materials and Methods: All patients presenting over a period of 3 months, at the outpatient department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital at Sawangi (M) Wardha and who consented to participate in the study, were provided a structured questionnaire, highlighting age, sex, income and educational qualifications, history of past practice of self-medication, type of medicine used, and reasons for resorting to self-medication. Data obtained were analyzed with the EpiInfo-7 software. Frequency tables were generated and statistical relationship between the variables were analyzed using the Z-test. Statistical significance was set at P > 0.05. Results: There were 200 (54.35%) males and 168 (44.65%) females. A total of 190 (51.63%) of the respondents claimed that they have been involved in self-medication. 51.58% of the people involved in self-medication were male, while 48.42% were female, there was no significant difference with P = 1.10. Two hundred and eighty-nine (78.53%) of the respondents had higher secondary education, and only 79 (21.47%) had secondary education or less. Conclusion: Self-medication practices were quite high in the present study, and these practices were also prevalent among the educated people. Drug control enforcement needs to be intensified and dental public health education needs to be given greater priority.
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• Knowledge of Nigerian dentists about drug safety and oral health practices during pregnancy

  Joan Enabulele, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Joan Enabulele, Louis Ibhawoh
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):55-59
  
  Introduction: The use of pharmacological agents during dental care should be done with caution. It is imperative that a dental clinician makes a clear assessment of the risks and benefits prior to prescription of medications to pregnant patients and recommend good oral health practices for a pregnant patient. Objective: To assess the knowledge of drug safety and oral health practices during pregnancy among dental clinicians. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of dentists in Nigeria. The questionnaire elicited information on demographic characteristics, knowledge of drugs that can be used safely during pregnancy and practices that improve oral health in pregnancy. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Results: Majority (93.0%) of the respondents knew that the analgesic acetaminophen can be used during pregnancy. 87.2% knew that tetracycline cannot be used during pregnancy. Only a few 24.4% of the respondents knew that the use of baking soda in a cup of water as mouth rinse after a vomiting episode improves oral health in pregnancy. Conclusion: There is need to update the dental curriculum and continuing dental education courses to include pregnancy-specific education.
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• Clinical analysis of changes in function of the temporomandibular joint after open reduction and internal fixation of mandible fracture

  Nitesh Kumar Chaurasia, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Nitesh Kumar Chaurasia, Jian Guan, Xinyu Wang, Gopal Sah
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):60-64
  
  Aim: The aim was to evaluate the change in function of temporomandibular joint after open reduction and internal fixation of mandible fracture. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on fifty patients with mandible fractures (excluding condyle fractures) that were treated by open reduction and internal fixation and were followed up to 12-24 months postoperatively. Fifty normal individuals of the same age group with fracture patients were randomly selected. Range of motion of mandible was recorded in both the groups and statistically analyzed using SPSS software. One-way ANOVA and 't' tests were used as appropriate. Results: In the fracture group, mean inter-incisal opening, lateral excursion and protrusion in millimeters were 37.16 ± 1.07; 5.34 ± 0.37 and 5.38 ± 0.30, respectively, whereas mean interincisal opening, lateral excursion and protrusion in millimeters were 46.9 ± 2.88, 8.98 ± 0.89 and 7.46 ± 0.83, respectively, in the control group. In the fracture group, 14 had click on opening and 18 developed crepitation on joint movement where as in the control group, 6 had click and 6 had crepitation on joint movement. Similarly 22 patients in the fracture group developed deviation on opening mouth compared to 10 in the control group. Conclusion: Range of motion of mandible is decreased in patients operated for mandibular fractures. Deviation on opening and joint sounds especially crepitus are higher in operated patients. These patients require aggressive mouth opening exercises and regular evaluation in a post operative period.
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• A rare case of hemimandibular hyperplasia

  K Janaki, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  K Janaki, N Ponni Valavan
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):65-69
  
  Facial asymmetry, defined as a difference in the size, shape or relationship of the two sides of the face, has a high correlation with facial harmony, attractiveness and beauty. Minor asymmetries of the human skeleton are common in the general population and usually have no esthetic or functional significance. It is reported that skeletal asymmetry is found even in the most pleasing and apparently symmetrical faces. This is not observed externally because dentoalveolar structures and the facial soft tissues show compensatory changes to minimize the underlying asymmetry; however, moderate and severe asymmetries are easily noticed by the human eye. The etiologic factors that cause facial asymmetries and their underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood. It is appropriate to classify facial asymmetries into the two basic categories of developmental or acquired asymmetries. Developmental asymmetries include agenesis, hypoplasia, hyperplasia, atrophy, hypertrophy and malpositions of the facial bony structures. Acquired asymmetries occur as a result of traumas, infections, functional shifts and tumors. Hemimandibular hyperplasia is a developmental asymmetry characterized by three-dimensional enlargement of half of the mandible. The hyperplastic side includes the condyle, condylar neck, ramus and corpus, and the anomaly terminates at the symphysis. The unilateral increase in height of the face on the affected side results in a sloping rimaoris or mouth and rotated facial appearance. The maxilla usually follows the mandible and grows downward on the affected side. As a result, the occlusal plane tilts and is at a lower level on the affected side, whereas the teeth generally remain in occlusion.
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• Sublingual epidermoid cyst - a case report

  Sant Prakash Kataria, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Sant Prakash Kataria, Gajender Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Pooja Gupta, Pawan Singh
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):70-72
  
  Epidermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth are considered rare which represent less than 0.01% of all oral cavity cysts. Majority of them occur in the sublingual region, but there are rare case reports of occurrence in other sites. The origin of epidermoid cysts is believed to be from the entrapment of epithelial remnants during midline closure of the bilateral first and second branchial arches. A 15-year-old female patient presented with complaints of a mass in the oral cavity, difficulty in chewing and swallowing of solid foods. On examination, an unfluctuating mass with normal covering mucosa was observed on the midline of the mouth floor displacing the tongue superiorly and posteriorly. The mass measured 3 × 2 cm in dimensions. Ultrasonography showed a 40 × 35-mm well-circumscribed non-enhancing cystic mass extending from the sublingual area to the level of the thyroid notch. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed a cystic lesion. Excision of the cystic mass confirmed the diagnosis of the epidermoid cyst. An epidemoid cyst can usually present with dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea and has a malignant transformation potential. Surgical enucleation is the only effective treatment for these kinds of lesions. Prognosis is very good, with a very low incidence of relapse.
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• Glass fiber-reinforced composite post and core used for restoration of traumatically fractured anterior teeth

  Neeraj Mahajan, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Neeraj Mahajan, Samriti Bansal, Jasdeep Singla
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):73-77
  
  Fracture of the anterior teeth by trauma is the most frequent type of injury in permanent dentition, especially among children and adolescents, affecting up to 25% of this patient population. The most commonly involved teeth are the maxillary central incisors, because of their exposed position in the dental arch. The injury is defined as a complicated crown fracture or Class III fracture (Ellis and Davey classification), if the fracture also exposes the dental pulp. Anterior crown fractures lead to discomfort and serious psychological, esthetic, functional, and phonetic problems that can affect social relationships and it poses a challenge for the child, the parents, and the dentist, to save these teeth. This case report presents the use of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Composite Post and Core for restoration of traumatically fractured right permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors in a 14-year-old male patient.
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• Monophasic synovial sarcoma presenting as a primary mandibular mass

  Anju Bansal, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Anju Bansal, Varuna Sipayya
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):78-80
  
  Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal tumor with diverse histological presentations ranging from the biphasic pattern to the monphasic type. Majority of the lesions arise in the deep soft tissues of the extremities adjacent to the joints or tendon sheaths, with the knee joint being the most common site. Only 5% of synovial sarcomas arise in the head and neck region and have been reported in the tongue, soft palate, mandibular region, scapula and the sternoclavicular joints. We report a case of a synovial sarcoma in a 16-year-old girl who presented with a swelling in the mandible.
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• Extensive calcifying odontogenic cyst of the mandible: A case report with review of the literature

  Rekha B Chaudhari, 2015-08-11 00:00:00 AM

  Rekha B Chaudhari, Ravi Tale
  
  Indian Journal of Oral Sciences 2015 6(2):81-85
  
  Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is a rare benign odontogenic lesion that shows extreme diversity in its clinical and histopathological features. It affects the maxilla or mandible or can occur extraosseously in the gingiva. However, the true nature of this lesion remains controversial. Majority of all intraosseous COCs are cystic. The lesion has a wide age distribution. But, most central COCs occur during the second and third decades of life. Histological features of classic COC are characteristic and include a fibrous capsule and a lining of odontogenic epithelium and a unique group of large, ballooning, pale eosinophilic ghost cells with a tendency to undergo keratinization and calcification. Here, we present a case of extensive COC involving body and ramus of the mandible in a 14-year-old male, and microscopically highlight its cystic architecture, along with discussion on ghost cells.
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