Risk Factors Leading to Free Flap Failure: Analysis From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Background: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for free flap failure among various anatomically based free flap subgroups. Methods: The 2005 to 2012 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing microvascular free tissue transfer based on current procedural terminology codes. Univariate analysis was performed to identify any association between flap failure and the following factors: age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, intraoperative transfusion, functional health status, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, operative time, and flap location. Factors yielding a significance of P 

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