Meta-analysis of the predictive value of DNA aneuploidy in malignant transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders

Abstract

DNA aneuploidy is an imbalance of chromosomal DNA content that has been highlighted as a predictor of biological behavior and risk of malignant transformation. To date, DNA aneuploidy in oral potentially malignant diseases (OPMD) has been shown to correlate strongly with severe dysplasia and high-risk lesions that appeared non-dysplastic can be identified by ploidy analysis. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of DNA aneuploidy in predicting malignant transformation of OPMD remains to be validated. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the role of DNA aneuploidy in predicting malignant transformation in OPMD. The questions addressed were 1) Is DNA aneuploidy a useful marker to predict malignant transformation in OPMD? 2) Is DNA diploidy a useful negative marker of malignant transformation in OPMD? These questions were addressed using the PECO method. Five studies assessing aneuploidy as a risk marker of malignant change were pooled into the meta-analysis. Aneuploidy was found to be associated with a 3.12-fold increased risk to progress into cancer (RR = 3.12, 95% CI 1.86-5.24). Based on the 5 studies meta-analyzed, "no malignant progression" was more likely to occur in DNA diploid OPMD by 82% when compared to aneuploidy (RR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08 – 0.41). In conclusion, aneuploidy is a useful marker of malignant transformation in OPMD, though a diploid result should be interpreted with caution.

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