Head and Neck Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: Σεπτεμβρίου 2017

Σάββατο 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017

Incidental late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis following AH1N1 influenza virus pneumonia: a case report

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic progressive multisystem involvement. AH1N1 virus infections caused classic influenza symptoms in the majority of cystic fibrosis pati...

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Clinical Thyroidology for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology for the Public: In 2016, the encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer with no evidence of spread into the thyroid capsule or into the blood vessels seen under the microscope was renamed as noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP), and was suggested that it was a non-cancer diagnosis. Read More….

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Le partage des données au service de l’éthique, de la transparence et de la reproductibilité de la science médicale

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): O. Laccourreye, P. Bonfils, R. Garrel, R. Jankowski, A. Karkas, N. Leboulanger, M. Makeieff, C. Righini, C. Vincent, C. Martin

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Chirurgie de l’hyperparathyroïdie primaire en ambulatoire : à propos d’une série de 67 cas

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): D. Culié, B. Pescetto, O. Dassonville, N. Guevara, D. Benisvy, J. Santini
IntroductionLa chirurgie de l'hyperparathyroïdie primaire, ciblée par l'imagerie morphologique et fonctionnelle, remplit les conditions théoriques d'une réalisation ambulatoire. L'objectif de notre étude était de valider ce type de prise en charge sur une série homogène de patients.Patients et méthodesL'ensemble des patients chez qui a été réalisée une chirurgie d'hyperparathyroïdie primaire en ambulatoire dans notre institution entre janvier 2013 et avril 2015 a été inclus dans cette étude rétrospective. Les critères habituels d'évaluation de la chirurgie ambulatoire ont été étudiés.RésultatsDurant la période étudiée, 144 patients ont été opérés d'une hyperparathyroïdie primaire. Dans 67 cas une chirurgie ambulatoire a pu être réalisée, avec un diagnostic préopératoire d'adénome parathyroïdien en imagerie. La recherche de la glande pathologique a été réalisée par une échographie chez tous les patients, et chez 66 d'entre eux par une scintigraphie. Cela a permis une chirurgie unilatérale, ciblée, dans 98,5 % des cas. Deux patients ont dû être hospitalisés pour la nuit en lien avec des complications mineures.ConclusionLa chirurgie de l'adénome parathyroïdien peut, dans une population de patients bien sélectionnée, être réalisée sur des durées opératoires courtes et avec un minimum de complications permettant ainsi sa réalisation en ambulatoire.

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Connaissances concernant le syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil par la population générale de Lorraine

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): F. Arous, J.-M. Boivin, A. Chaouat, C. Rumeau, R. Jankowski, D.T. Nguyen
ObjectifLe syndrome d'apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil (SAHOS) semble être sous-diagnostiqué. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les connaissances du SAHOS par la population générale de Lorraine.MéthodesUne enquête à l'aide d'un questionnaire anonyme portant sur les connaissances des symptômes et des complications du SAHOS a été menée de juillet 2015 à novembre 2015, en région Lorraine. Le questionnaire a également été diffusé sur Internet à l'aide de réseaux sociaux. Les critères d'exclusion étaient les personnes de moins de 18 ans, le refus de remplir le questionnaire et la barrière linguistique.RésultatsAu total, 1307 personnes ont répondu à l'enquête : 1020 sous format papier et 287 via Internet. La plupart des symptômes étaient connus par environ deux tiers de la population. Les complications notamment cardiovasculaires et neurologiques étaient en revanche mal connues. Être atteint du SAHOS, avoir fait des études supérieures et avoir moins de 40 ans étaient des facteurs associés à une meilleure connaissance de la maladie. Les répondeurs sur Internet connaissaient aussi mieux cette pathologie.ConclusionMalgré des résultats concernant les symptômes du SAHOS plutôt encourageants, les connaissances du grand public concernant ses complications sont limitées. De nouvelles campagnes d'informations auprès des médecins ainsi qu'auprès du grand public devraient être réalisées afin d'informer la population de cette pathologie et de la sensibiliser sur ses complications.

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Résultats fonctionnels de la chirurgie endoscopique du diverticule de Zenker

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): A. Dissard, L. Gilain, R. Pastourel, T. Mom, N. Saroul
But du travailL'objectif principal de cette étude rétrospective était l'évaluation des résultats fonctionnels de la chirurgie endoscopique du diverticule de Zenker. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d'évaluer la sécurité de la procédure, d'identifier les facteurs de risque de récidive et d'en déterminer leur conduite en cas de récidive.Patients et méthodesDe 2000 à 2014, 50 patients ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie endoscopique avec marsupialisation d'un diverticule de Zenker. Les symptômes de régurgitations et de dysphagie ont été évalués par l'échelle FOIS avant et après chirurgie. Le taux de récidives et le taux de complications ont été déterminés de manière rétrospective avec un suivi minimal de 18 mois.RésultatsLes régurgitations et la dysphagie ont été améliorées respectivement chez 96 % et 86 % des patients. Le taux de complications était de 12 %, complications le plus souvent mineures. Les temps moyens d'hospitalisation et de reprise alimentaire orale étaient respectivement de 2,0 et 1,3jours. Neuf patients (18 %) ont présenté une récidive de leur symptomatologie initiale et ont nécessité une reprise chirurgicale dans un délai moyen de 2,7 années. Elle a pu être réalisée dans la majorité des cas par voie endoscopique. Un seul facteur de risque de récidive a été identifié : la petite taille du diverticule.ConclusionLa chirurgie endoscopique du diverticule de Zenker permet une amélioration fonctionnelle dans la majorité de cas. Associant sécurité et efficacité, elle est actuellement la procédure de choix dans le traitement du diverticule de Zenker.

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Données étiologiques des sous-maxillites aiguës et prise en charge étiologique

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): C. Bignet, J. Carvalho, E. Lemaire, A. Charpiot
ButL'objectif de notre étude est de vérifier l'hypothèse que les sous-maxillites aiguës sont liées à un obstacle sur les voies salivaires. Notre étude évalue les caractéristiques de ces obstacles et leurs prises en charge.Matériel et méthodesOnt été inclus de façon rétrospective les patients ayant fait un épisode de sous-maxillite aiguë entre 2009 et 2015. Tous les patients ont bénéficié d'une exploration des voies salivaires par imagerie et/ou par sialendoscopie, et un examen anatomopathologique en cas d'ablation de la glande pour le diagnostic étiologique. Concernant le traitement étiologique : si la lésion causale n'était pas traitable par sialendoscopie uniquement, l'opérateur pouvait avoir recours à une voie combinée aidée par sialendoscope. En cas d'échec de ces procédures, l'indication d'une sous-maxillectomie était posée.RésultatsVingt-neuf patients ont été inclus dans l'étude et 28 patients présentaient une anomalie des voies salivaires. Au moins un calcul était retrouvé chez 27 patients, ceux-ci étaient majoritairement uniques (n=20), dans le tiers moyen (n=21) et volumineux (7,7mm de moyenne). Une sténose était retrouvée chez 10 patients et pour 9 patients, associée à un calcul salivaire. Vingt-cinq patients avec un obstacle ont bénéficié d'une sialendoscopie. La prise en charge par sialendoscopie uniquement a été possible dans 5 cas et par voie combinée dans 13 cas.ConclusionUn épisode de sous-maxillite impose un examen des voies salivaires par sialendoscopie pour une prise en charge précoce en raison de la fréquence de calculs associés et du taux élevé de traitement conservateur guidé par sialendoscopie.

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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5

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Carcinome indifférencié de type nasopharyngé chez l’enfant : particularités cliniques et évolutives

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): W.S. Zrafi, S. Tebra, S. Tbessi, S. Ouni, M. Jebsi, N. Bouaouina
ObjectifsParticularités épidémiologiques, cliniques et thérapeutiques du carcinome indifférencié de type nasopharyngé chez l'enfant.Matériel et méthodesÉtude rétrospective d'une série de 40 patients d'âge inférieur à 17 ans suivis pour un carcinome indifférencié du nasopharynx, dans les deux centres d'oncologie radiothérapie du centre tunisien entre 1995 et 2012.RésultatsL'âge médian était 14 ans, le sex-ratio 1,3. Le délai moyen de consultation était de 5 mois, la circonstance de découverte était l'apparition d'adénopathies cervicales dans 90 % des cas. Sur le plan thérapeutique, 37 patients ont reçu un traitement à visée curative. Le schéma thérapeutique était séquentiel dans 85 % des cas, commençant par une chimiothérapie puis une radiothérapie du cavum et des aires ganglionnaires cervicales. La dose médiane au niveau du cavum était de 70,4Gy. L'évolution a été marquée par la survenue de deux récidives locales, cinq rechutes métastatiques, toutes osseuses. Après un recul moyen de 80,5 mois (1–180), 29 patients (72,5 %) étaient en rémission complète, huit sont décédés et trois perdus de vue. La survie globale à 5 ans était de 77,7 %.ConclusionLe carcinome indifférencié du nasopharynx de l'enfant représente dans notre région 6 % des cas d'UCNT pris en charge dans nos institutions. Il est souvent découvert à un stade évolué. L'association séquentielle de chimiothérapie et de radiothérapie a permis un excellent taux de contrôle local.

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Exploration électrophysiologique de l’audition

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): D. Bakhos, M. Marx, A. Villeneuve, E. Lescanne, S. Kim, A. Robier
Les examens audiométriques électrophysiologiques se sont développés depuis les années 1960 avec comme objectif la détermination objective des seuils auditifs. Ils sont maintenant utilisés pour le dépistage de la surdité néonatale. Si ces tests permettent de préciser les seuils auditifs, leur interprétation ne peut se faire qu'en complémentarité de l'audiométrie subjective que représente l'audiométrie tonale et vocale. En effet, si les tests objectifs permettent de préciser les seuils auditifs, ils ne peuvent généralement pas déterminer le type de surdité en cause. Chaque examen teste une région anatomique différente permettant l'exploration du système auditif de l'organe de Corti au cortex auditif. Ainsi, les examens d'audiométrie objective sont complémentaires.

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Le nez brûlé : une analyse en 4 dimensions

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): J. Bouguila, C. Ho Quoc, R. Viard, A. Brun, D. Voulliaume, J.-P. Comparin, J.L. Foyatier
De part sa position et sa projection, le nez est exposé aux diverses agressions comme les brûlures. Ce type de lésion peut concerner le nez de façon isolée ou entrer dans un contexte plus large constituant les brûlures nasofaciales. La reconstruction du nez constitue un défi, car cette entité anatomique est formée d'un ensemble tridimensionnel complexe, auquel s'ajoute même une « quatrième dimension » : la fonction. La prise en charge du nez brûlé constitue un défi esthétique et fonctionnel. Le traitement des séquelles doit s'adapter au degré d'atteinte du nez et aux impératifs esthétiques et fonctionnels de cette structure anatomique. Ce n'est qu'au terme de multiples interventions chirurgicales et de longs mois de rééducation que le patient brûlé retrouvera une vie sociale satisfaisante.

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Thérapie cellulaire et cordes vocales cicatricielles

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): A. Mattei, J. Magalon, B. Bertrand, C. Philandrianos, J. Veran, A. Giovanni
La microstructure des cordes vocales est complexe et peut être altérée par une microchirurgie laryngée. On peut alors observer un état cicatriciel n'autorisant plus le découplage mécanique entre épithélium et muscle, responsable de difficultés vibratoires à l'origine d'une dysphonie invalidante. Les possibilités thérapeutiques actuelles sont réduites et souvent inefficaces sur la vibration : elles n'apportent qu'un effet volumateur limitant la fuite glottique. L'objectif de cette revue de la littérature était double : i) décrire l'état actuel de la littérature quant à l'intérêt de la thérapie cellulaire dans la prise en charge des cordes vocales cicatricielles ; ii) analyser l'intérêt thérapeutique de la fraction vasculaire stromale d'origine adipeuse parmi l'arsenal thérapeutique préexistant. Notre recherche sur PubMed^® en septembre 2016 a référencé les articles originaux de langue anglaise ou française traitant de l'usage des cellules souches dans la prise en charge des cordes vocales cicatricielles. Vingt-sept articles publiés entre 2003 et 2016 répondaient aux critères de sélection. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses étaient les plus utilisées, majoritairement extraites de la moelle osseuse ou du tissu adipeux. Quatre études étaient réalisées in vitro sur fibroblastes et dix-huit in vivo chez l'animal. Les critères d'évaluation étaient : i) l'analyse de la cicatrisation (morphologie macroscopique et microscopique, propriétés viscoélastiques, matrice extracellulaire, fibroblastes) ; ii) l'évaluation de la survie et différenciation des cellules souches. Ces études démontrent l'action bénéfique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses, notamment d'origine adipeuse. Par ailleurs, la fraction vasculaire stromale possède des propriétés qui pourraient permettre d'améliorer ces résultats, en facilitant la logistique de production.

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La maladie de Kikuchi-Fujimoto, une cause rare d’adénopathie en Afrique. Description de la première observation au Sénégal et revue de la littérature

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): C.-A. Lame, B. Loum, A.-K. Fall, J. Cucherousset, A.-R. Ndiaye
IntroductionLa maladie de Kikuchi-Fujimoto est une lymphadénite histiocytaire nécrosante. Cette pathologie bénigne atteint le plus souvent le sujet féminin d'âge mûr. Elle se manifeste généralement par des adénopathies cervicales fébriles. Elle doit être évoquée dans notre contexte d'exercice dominé par la fréquence des adénopathies tuberculeuses et des hémopathies malignes.ObservationNous rapportons le cas d'une femme sénégalaise âgée de 33 ans qui a présenté des adénopathies cervicales subaiguës dans un contexte fébrile. Il existait un syndrome inflammatoire biologique. Les bilans sérologique et tuberculeux étaient négatifs. L'analyse histopathologique d'une biopsie ganglionnaire, après échec d'un traitement antibiotique non spécifique, concluait à une maladie de Kikuchi-Fujimoto. L'évolution était favorable sous corticothérapie.ConclusionEn Afrique noire, l'association de polyadénopathies et de syndrome fébrile doit faire penser et rechercher, après la tuberculose et les lymphomes à des pathologies rares comme la maladie de Kikuchi-Fujimoto.

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Fibrose angiocentrique à éosinophiles ethmoïdo-orbitaire droite

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): S. Gorostis, M. Bacha, S. Gravier, T. Raguin
IntroductionLa fibrose angiocentrique à éosinophiles (EAF) est une affection bénigne et lentement progressive, affectant la muqueuse des voies aériennes supérieures ou l'orbite plus rarement. Elle appartient au spectre de la maladie associée aux IgG4.Cas cliniqueNous rapportons le cas d'un homme de 61 ans présentant une atteinte orbitaire (baisse d'acuité visuelle, douleurs, exophtalmie, œdème palpébral), céphalées et obstruction nasale. L'imagerie révèle une masse ethmoïdo-orbitaire droite infiltrant la graisse périorbitaire et englobant le nerf optique. L'analyse anatomopathologique a posé le diagnostic d'EAF devant l'infiltration périvasculaire par des cellules inflammatoires – majoritairement des polynucléaires éosinophiles – et des zones de fibrose « en bulbe d'oignon ». L'immunohistochimie a permis d'apparenter les lésions aux maladies associées aux IgG4. La prise en charge initiale par corticothérapie, puis dapsone n'a pas suffi au contrôle des crises évolutives, avec une importante corticodépendance. Une ethmoïdectomie chirurgicale emportant la lame papyracée a été réalisée dans le but de permettre l'expansion du globe oculaire vers la fosse nasale en cas de nouvelle crise.DiscussionL'association du rituximab à la chirurgie a permis la régression durable des douleurs et de l'exophtalmie.

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Carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant de la glande sublinguale

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): D.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, J.K. Lee, S.C. Lim
IntroductionLe carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant de la glande salivaire est un sous-type rare de carcinome mucoépidermoïde. Les sites les plus touchés par le carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant des glandes salivaires sont par ordre de fréquence la glande parotide, la glande sous-mandibulaire et les glandes salivaires accessoires.ObservationNous rapportons ici le premier cas de carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant de la glande sublinguale.DiscussionLes cliniciens doivent évoquer le carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant dans le diagnostic différentiel du néoplasme de la glande salivaire. L'exérèse chirurgicale avec marges saines est une option thérapeutique initiale qui semble suffisante pour le carcinome mucoépidermoïde sclérosant de la glande salivaire.

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Démarche diagnostique devant un œdème labial diffus isolé d’apparition soudaine

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): O. Laccourreye, F. Rubin, J. Delort, P. Bonfils
À partir d'un cas d'œdème labial diffus isolé de survenue soudaine, les auteurs précisent les points clefs de la démarche diagnostique ainsi que les principales données épidémiologiques et cliniques.

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Les corps étrangers nasaux chez les enfants dans un hôpital pédiatrique au Sénégal : une évaluation de 3 ans

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): P.E.J. Regonne, M. Ndiaye, A. Sy, Y. Diandy, A.D. Diop, B.K. Diallo
ObjectifsLes corps étrangers nasaux (CEN) sont un accident domestique fréquent chez les enfants. L'objectif de ce travail était de présenter les particularités des CEN chez les enfants dans un hôpital pédiatrique sénégalais et décrire notre attitude thérapeutique.Matériel et méthodesÉtude rétrospective descriptive au service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie du Centre hospitalier national pour enfants de Diamniadio du 1^er janvier 2013 au 31 décembre 2015 incluant tous les enfants de moins de 15 ans reçus pour CEN. Les variables étudiées étaient l'âge, le sexe, la provenance, le motif de consultation, le délai de consultation, la nature du CEN, la méthode d'extraction et les complications.RésultatsCinquante-huit CEN avaient été recensés. L'âge moyen était de 3 ans 4 mois. Parmi les patients, 93 % avaient moins de 5 ans. Il y avait une prédominance féminine (53,45 %), soit un sex-ratio de 0,87. Les CEN étaient localisés chez 43 patients (74,1 %) à droite. Le premier motif de consultation était la rhinorrhée purulente retrouvée chez 51,7 % ; parmi les patients, 17,24 % étaient amenés en consultation dans les 24 premières heures. La mousse était le premier CEN (29,3 %), suivie des graines (20,7 %). L'extraction a été réalisée en consultation chez 84,5 % et chez 15,5 % au bloc opératoire. La morbidité était de 22,41 %. Il s'agissait dans 17,24 % d'une épistaxis et dans 5,17 % d'une infection nasale.ConclusionLes CEN sont des accidents fréquents chez l'enfant de moins de 5 ans. Notre contexte est marqué par un retard à la consultation.

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Tuméfaction inflammatoire basicervicale

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): H. Benkhatar, F. Scotte, O. Laccourreye, C. Benoit

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Masse fluctuante cervicale : lettre à l’éditeur et revue de la littérature de phlébectasie de la veine jugulaire antérieure

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 134, Issue 5
Author(s): M.Y. Abboud, A. de Lafontaine-Ruel, B. Riederer, D. Philippon

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Donor Site Morbidity of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap

The purpose of this study was to investigate donor site morbidity after reconstruction of defects in the head and neck region with an anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap.

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Navigation-guided resection of maxillary tumours: The accuracy of computer-assisted surgery in terms of control of resection margins: a feasibility study

Surgical treatment of maxillary tumours is often highly complex. The three-dimensional anatomy of the mid-face renders both correct intraoperative orientation and adequate oncological safety difficult to obtain. Recently, computer-assisted techniques and intraoperative navigation have been applied to oncological surgery treating head and neck cancer. However, only a few studies have explored whether preoperative virtual resection planning and intraoperative control of resection margins allow assessment of the surgical margins of the tumour.

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Use of a monopolar microneedle device in a transconjunctival, retroseptal approach

Transconjunctival approach is a standard procedure to address fractures of orbit and the infraorbital rim. Modifications such as transcaruncular or lateral canthal widening allow for extended orbital wall exposure. Especially concerning aesthetics, the transconjunctival approach shows benefits compared to the transcutaneous incisions, such as the transciliary and infraorbital access. Moreover, transconjunctival approach is favored in the literature concerning lid retraction. Monopolar devices have become popular in surgery in the past decades because of good depth control and simultaneous haemostasis with consequently improved overview.

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The preoperative PTH and alkaline phosphatase levels can predict postoperative calcium requirements, such that equations of calcium supplement allow the management of hypocalcemia efficiently in patients on dialysis after parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation.

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Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in head and neck cancer and novel therapeutic targets: A systematic review

Abstract

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in systemic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. For the 2 past decades, MIF has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis, disease prognosis, tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor-induced angiogenesis in many cancers. The purpose of this article is to review published experimental and clinical data for MIF and its involvement in upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Based on the current literature, we propose a biomolecular model describing the mechanisms underlying the involvement of MIF in the initiation, progression, apoptosis, and proliferation of head and neck tumor cells. In reference to this model, potential therapeutic approaches based on the use of MIF antagonists and neutralizing antibodies are described. It is concluded that MIF is a promising target for future therapeutic strategies, both with and without chemoradiation strategies.

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Phase I study of induction chemotherapy with afatinib, ribavirin, and weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel for stage IVA/IVB human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer

Abstract

Background

The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 oncoprotein enhances the oncogenic potential of ErbB proteins in HPV-related malignancies. This phase I study evaluates the addition of afatinib, an ErbB family inhibitor, and ribavirin to paclitaxel and carboplatin induction chemotherapy in HPV-associated, locally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

This dose escalation study included 2 doses of oral afatinib: 30 and 40 mg daily. Ribavirin dosing was weight based. Paclitaxel (80 mg/m²) and carboplatin (area under the curve [AUC] 1.5) were administered on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. After 3 cycles, patients were removed from protocol to receive definitive treatment.

Results

Among 10 patients, there were no dose-limiting toxicities. Six patients (67%) had unconfirmed objective partial responses. The 2-year progression-free survival rate was 75%.

Conclusion

Afatinib, ribavirin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin induction chemotherapy is safe and well tolerated. The phase II recommended dose of afatinib is 40 mg oral daily in this combination regimen.

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Modified technique for preservation of inferior alveolar nerve during mandibulectomy

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this article is to introduce the modified technique of preservation of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) during mandibulectomy for a benign lesion.

Methods

Five cases of osteofibrous hyperplasia and 3 cases of centricity osteomyelitis were included. During surgery, the IAN was marked using a planned cutting guide. Using an oscillating saw, the depth of the osteotomy along the IAN was controlled until the bone cortex was cut through. After splitting, the bony section was removed, leaving the neurovascular bundle intact. The sensation of the lower lip was evaluated using current perceptive threshold testing during follow-up.

Results

After follow-up for 6-27 months, no recurrence or secondary deformity was found. One patient had severe sensory disturbance.

Conclusion

With the use of a cutting guide and osteotomy tricks, mandibulectomy with preservation of the IAN can be accurately performed.

http://ift.tt/2yzBdIH

High HOMA-IR levels were associated with poor disease-free survival in intermediate-advanced stage tumors. Kaplan-Meier curves showed lower disease-free survival rates in patients with high HOMA-IR than in patients with low levels. In patients with intermediate-advanced stage tumors, multivariate analysis revealed that those with an HOMA-IR >2.974 presented a 2.7 times higher risk of poor outcome (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.023-7.341; P = .045).

Conclusion

The HOMA-IR is independently associated with disease-free survival in patients with HNSCC. We found an optimal HOMA-IR cutoff value for disease-free survival in patients with intermediate-advanced HNSCC.

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Vaccination with a recombinant OprL fragment induces a Th17 response and confers serotype-independent protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice

Publication date: Available online 29 September 2017
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Chen Gao, Feng Yang, Ying Wang, Yaling Liao, Jinyong Zhang, Hao Zeng, Quanming Zou, Jiang Gu
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the major causative agent of nosocomial infection. Despite of adequate use of antibiotics, it still represents a major challenge in controlling PA infection. The local pulmonary Th17 response plays an important protective role against PA infection. And the Th17-mediated protection is antibody independent, so we hypothesized that it would be an optimal strategy of a vaccine for PA control to induce an effective Th17 response. Herein we report the successful production of a recombinant fragment of the OprL (reOprL) of PA. Purified reOprL forms homogeneous monomers in solution and vaccination with reOprL elicited a remarkable Th17 response. In addition, reOprL vaccination conferred effective serotype-independent protection against PA infection, which relied on the Th17 response. Our data suggest that reOprL is a good candidate for the future development of Th17 immunity based PA vaccines.

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Editorial Board/Reviewing Committee

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Volume 46, Issue 11

http://ift.tt/2fFEvqd

The efficacy of oral and subcutaneous antigen-specific immunotherapy in murine cow’s milk- and peanut allergy models

Antigen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a promising therapeutic approach for both cow's milk allergy (CMA) and peanut allergy (PNA), but needs optimization in terms of efficacy and safety.

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Audio-visual speech perception in prelingually deafened Japanese children following sequential bilateral cochlear implantation

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 102
Author(s): Ryosuke Yamamoto, Yasushi Naito, Keizo Fujiwara, Shogo Shinohara, Shinji Takebayashi, Masahiro Kikuchi, Tetsuhiko Michida, Kazuki Hayashi, Koji Saida, Keisuke Mizuno
ObjectivesAn effect of audio-visual (AV) integration is observed when the auditory and visual stimuli are incongruent (the McGurk effect). In general, AV integration is helpful especially in subjects wearing hearing aids or cochlear implants (CIs). However, the influence of AV integration on spoken word recognition in individuals with bilateral CIs (Bi-CIs) has not been fully investigated so far. In this study, we investigated AV integration in children with Bi-CIs.MethodsThe study sample included thirty one prelingually deafened children who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation. We assessed their responses to congruent and incongruent AV stimuli with three CI-listening modes: only the 1st CI, only the 2nd CI, and Bi-CIs. The responses were assessed in the whole group as well as in two sub-groups: a proficient group (syllable intelligibility ≥80% with the 1st CI) and a non-proficient group (syllable intelligibility < 80% with the 1st CI).ResultsWe found evidence of the McGurk effect in each of the three CI-listening modes. AV integration responses were observed in a subset of incongruent AV stimuli, and the patterns observed with the 1st CI and with Bi-CIs were similar. In the proficient group, the responses with the 2nd CI were not significantly different from those with the 1st CI whereas in the non-proficient group the responses with the 2nd CI were driven by visual stimuli more than those with the 1st CI.ConclusionOur results suggested that prelingually deafened Japanese children who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implantation exhibit AV integration abilities, both in monaural listening as well as in binaural listening. We also observed a higher influence of visual stimuli on speech perception with the 2nd CI in the non-proficient group, suggesting that Bi-CIs listeners with poorer speech recognition rely on visual information more compared to the proficient subjects to compensate for poorer auditory input. Nevertheless, poorer quality auditory input with the 2nd CI did not interfere with AV integration with binaural listening (with Bi-CIs). Overall, the findings of this study might be used to inform future research to identify the best strategies for speech training using AV integration effectively in prelingually deafened children.

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Intratympanic Injection of Steroid for Treatment of Tinnitus

Abstract

Tinnitus has become one of the most challenging tasks faced by the medical field. It has a moderately negative impact on patient's quality of life. Different methods had been developed in medical science for managing tinnitus but none of these offered a permanent cure. In our study we used a simple procedure of intratympanic injection of dexamethasone in managing our tinnitus patients. Total number of patients involved in this study were 40, 26 females and 14 males with age spanned from 15 to 65 years. Out of 40 patients, 22 of them complained of tinnitus only while the other 18 of them complained of tinnitus with impaired hearing which was confirmed further by pure tone audiometry. Injection was given under otologic microscopic vision through posteroinferior quadrant of tympanic membrane in weekly interval. After receiving several number of injections, 24 patients (60%) reported complete disappearance of tinnitus, 10 of them (25%) still had residual tinnitus but comparatively less severe and 6 (15%) of them reported no improvement.

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Clinical and hemodynamic risk factors associated with discrepancies in lower limb length with capillary malformations – data from the national paediatric French cohort CONAPE

Summary

Background

Genetics discoveries have allowed for better understanding capillary malformations (CMs) with overgrowth syndrome. However, molecular analyses are still not easy to perform or interpret. Other analytical methods are needed.

Objective

We aimed to identify clinical and hemodynamic factors associated with leg length discrepancy (LLD) in children with CM of lower limbs.

Methods

Data were obtained from the multicentre French national cohort CONAPE (COhorte Nationale d'enfants atteints d'Angiome Plan de membrE inférieur), including children from 2 to 12 years old with CM of lower limbs. Clinical characteristics were prospectively collected. Hemodynamic factors were measured by an echographer who calculated the arterial blood flow (ABF) in both lower limbs. An ABF difference ≥50% between the two lower limbs was considered relevant. LLD ≥ 2% was determined by the same radiologist on centralized radiographs.

Results

We analyzed data at baseline for 96 children. The mean (SD) age was 5.6 (3.1) years; 49 (51%) were male; and 14 (15%) showed LLD. Thirty-two patients (33%) had venous anomalies, 13 (14%) lymphatic anomalies, and in 1 child, diagnosis of Parkes Weber syndrome was made. Only increased circumference above the knee was more frequent with than without LLD (50% vs 13%, p=0.02). In all, 10/79 patients (13%) showed a difference in ABF ≥50%: 4 had LLD. The frequency of differences in ABF ≥50% was greater with than without LLD [33.3% (n=4/12) vs 9.0% (n=6/67), p=0.04].

Conclusions

ABF measured by Duplex ultrasonography is a simple, low-cost and non-invasive complementary examination for help in detecting LLD, with a difference ≥ 50% possibly associated.

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Pirfenidone photosensitization in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a case series

Abstract

The oral antifibrotic agent, pirfenidone (PFD), 5-methyl-l-phenyl-[1H]-pyridine, is used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic and fatal lung disease. In trials, PFD reduces disease progression and decreases mortality. The most common side events of PFD are skin manifestations (25%), described as a photosensitivity or rash, but they are not well characterised ¹.

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Impact of Video Technology for Improving Success of Medial Canthus Episcleral Anesthesia in Ophthalmology.

Background and Objectives: Efficient learning of regional anesthesia in ophthalmology remains challenging because trainees are afforded limited opportunity to practice ocular anesthesia. The aim of this prospective, randomized, blinded study was to determine whether teaching with video improves regional anesthesia skills of residents in ophthalmology. Methods: From January to October 2016, 32 novice anesthesiology residents were evaluated while performing medial canthus episcleral procedures during a 5-day rotation. Residents were randomly assigned to either receive or not receive a video review of their performance at day 3. The primary outcome was a comparison of akinesia using a 12-point scale before incision assessed by the blinded surgeon. Results: A total of 288 blocks were performed by 32 residents and were assessed by 3 surgeons before the intervention (144 blocks) and after the intervention (144 blocks). Residents in the review group improved to a greater degree compared with residents in the no-review group. The median overall akinesia scores for the review and no-review groups were similarly low (6; interquartile range [IQR], 2-11; and 6 [IQR, 2-9], respectively) on day 1 of the rotation, whereas anesthesia performed by residents in the video group provided a better akinesia score (12 [IQR, 10-12] vs 8 [IQR, 6-10]; P

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The Technology of Video Laryngoscopy.

Tracheal intubation via laryngeal exposure has evolved over the past 150 years and has greatly expanded in the last decade with the introduction and development of newer, more sophisticated optical airway devices. The introduction of indirect and video-assisted laryngoscopes has significantly impacted airway management as evidenced by the presence of these devices in the majority of published difficult airway algorithms. However, it is quite possible that many airway managers do not have a thorough comprehension of how these devices actually function, an understanding that is vital not only for their use but also for assessing the devices' limitations. This article discusses the development of video laryngoscopy, how the video laryngoscope works, and the impact of video laryngoscopy on difficult airway management. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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You Will Never Walk Alone: A Simulation Experience for Caregiver's Family and Friends.

No abstract available

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General Anesthesia Imposes Negative Effects on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Regulation in Patients With a History of Head and Neck Radiation Therapy.

BACKGROUND: Head and neck radiation therapy (HNRT) impairs baroreflex sensitivity, and it may potentiate the effects of anesthetics on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) regulation. Currently, the impacts of HNRT on HR and BP under anesthesia remain unclear. METHODS: In this study, 472 patients with primary oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer at all stages were examined. Half of the patients underwent HNRT plus surgery. The other half underwent surgery only and was matched with the treatment patients according to age, sex, and body mass index at a 1:1 ratio. The HRs and BPs in the 2 groups during anesthetic induction, skin incision, and emergence were compared retrospectively. A multivariable model of repeated measures with unstructured covariance structure was used to examine the associations of HNRT with intraoperative HRs and BPs after adjusting for baseline HR and BP, time, use of [beta]-blockers, history of chemotherapy, and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score. BPs and HRs were collected every 5 minutes. The baseline HR and BP measurements were not included in the outcome vector and were only used as adjustment for baselines. RESULTS: Compared with corresponding baseline values in controls, the baseline HR was significantly higher (P = .0012) and the baseline systolic BP was lower (P

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Maternal Death Due to Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A National Study in France.

BACKGROUND: A structured definition of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) based on 4 criteria was recently proposed for use in research by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and the Amniotic Fluid Embolism Foundation. The main objective of this study was to review all AFE-related maternal deaths in France during 2007-2011 according to the presence or not of all these 4 diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Maternal deaths due to AFE were identified by the national experts committee of the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths during 2007-2011 (n = 39). The maternal mortality ratio for AFE was calculated. We applied the structured definition proposed by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine and the Amniotic Fluid Embolism Foundation to AFE-related maternal deaths identified by the national experts committee. Characteristics of women, pregnancies and deliveries; clinical and biological features of AFE; and specific laboratory tests used were described by the presence or not of all 4 diagnostic criteria. Management of obstetric hemorrhage and quality of care according to the experts were also described. RESULTS: The maternal mortality ratio from AFE was 0.95/100,000 live births (95% confidence interval, 0.67-1.3). Detailed clinical data were collected for 36 women who died from AFE: 21 (58%) had all 4 proposed diagnostic criteria and 15 (42%) had 1 or more missing criterion. Documented early disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was missing for 14 women, and 2 women exhibited more than 1 missing criterion. Ten of the 15 women with missing criteria had clinical coagulopathy, with standard hemostasis tests performed in only 3. Specific diagnostic examinations for AFE were performed in similar proportions by the presence or not of all diagnostic criteria. Opportunities to improve care included timely performance of indicated hysterectomy (n = 13) and improved transfusion practices (n = 9). In the context of maternal cardiac arrest, for 5 of 13 women, fetal extraction was performed within 5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The structured definition of AFE for research studies would exclude more than one-third of AFE-related maternal deaths identified by the national experts committee. Inclusion of clinical coagulopathy as a diagnostic criterion for AFE would reduce this proportion to 14%. There is still room for improvement in the management of obstetric hemorrhage and timely fetal extraction in the context of maternal cardiac arrest, frequently observed in AFE-related maternal death. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

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Monte Carlo Simulations Comparing Fisher Exact Test and Unequal Variances t Test for Analysis of Differences Between Groups in Brief Hospital Lengths of Stay.

BACKGROUND: We examined type I and II error rates for analysis of (1) mean hospital length of stay (LOS) versus (2) percentage of hospital LOS that are overnight. These 2 end points are suitable for when LOS is treated as a secondary economic end point. METHODS: We repeatedly resampled LOS for 5052 discharges of thoracoscopic wedge resections and lung lobectomy at 26 hospitals. RESULTS: Unequal variances t test (Welch method) and Fisher exact test both were conservative (ie, type I error rate less than nominal level). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was included as a comparator; the type I error rates did not differ from the nominal level of 0.05 or 0.01. Fisher exact test was more powerful than the unequal variances t test at detecting differences among hospitals; estimated odds ratio for obtaining P

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70th World Health Assembly, Geneva, Switzerland.

No abstract available

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Research Productivity and Rankings of Anesthesiology Departments in Canada and the United States: The Relationship Between the h-Index and Other Common Metrics.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the relative research productivity and ranking of anesthesiology departments in Canada and the United States, using the Hirsch index (h-index) and 4 other previously validated metrics. METHODS: We identified 150 anesthesiology departments in Canada and the United States with an accredited residency program. Publications for each of the 150 departments were identified using Thomson's Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science, and the citation report for each department was exported. The bibliometric data were used to calculate publication metrics for 3 time periods: cumulative (1945-2014), 10 years (2005-2014), and 5 years (2010-2014). The following group metrics were then used to determine the publication impact and relative ranking of all 150 departments: h-index, m-index, total number of publications, sum of citations, and average number of citations per article. Ranking for each metric were also stratified by using a proxy for departmental size. The most common journals in which US and Canadian anesthesiology departments publish their work were identified. RESULTS: The majority (23 of the top 25) of top-ranked anesthesiology departments are in the United States, and 2 of the top 25 departments (University of Toronto; McGill University) are in Canada. There was a strong positive relationship between each of h-index, total number of publications, and the sum of citations (0.91-0.97; P

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Παρασκευή 29 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017

Relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis exacerbation frequency and asthma control

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the association between the frequency of acute chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exacerbations (AECRS) and the degree of asthma control in asthmatic CRS patients.

Study Design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

We prospectively recruited 108 asthmatic CRS patients as participants. Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). The frequency of AECRS was assessed using three previously described indirect metrics for AECRS: the frequency of patient-reported sinus infections, CRS-related antibiotics use, and CRS-related oral corticosteroids use in the last 3 months. CRS symptom severity was measured using the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). Associations between ACT score and metrics for AECRS were performed using linear regression while controlling for clinical and demographic characteristics, including SNOT-22 score.

Results

ACT score was significantly and negatively associated with the frequency of patient-reported sinus infections (adjusted linear regression coefficient [β] = −1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.3 to −0.1, P = .033), CRS-related antibiotics courses (adjusted β = −1.4, 95% CI: −2.3 to −0.5, P = .004), and CRS-related oral corticosteroid courses (adjusted β = −1.5, 95% CI: −2.5 to −0.5, P = .004) in the last 3 months, independent of characteristics including SNOT-22 score. Poor asthma control could be detected using one or more sinus infections (70.6% sensitivity, 47.3% specificity), CRS-related antibiotics (50.0% sensitivity, 73.0% specificity), or CRS-related oral corticosteroids (58.8% sensitivity, 71.6% specificity) in the last 3 months.

Conclusions

AECRS are negatively associated with the level of asthma control in asthmatic CRS patients, independent of CRS symptom severity. These results highlight AECRS as a distinct clinical manifestation of CRS that should be routinely assessed in CRS patients.

Level of Evidence

2c. Laryngoscope, 2017

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Sphingobacterium spiritivorum bacteremia due to cellulitis in an elderly man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure: a case report

Sphingobacterium spiritivorum is a glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rod, formerly classified as one of the Flavobacterium species. It is characterized by a large number of cellular...

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Bacterial cellulose skin masks—Properties and sensory tests

Summary

Background

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile material produced by microorganisms in the form of a membranous hydrogel, totally biocompatible, and endowed with high mechanical strength. Its high water-holding capacity based on its highly porous nanofibrillar structure allows BC to incorporate and to release substances very fast, thus being suitable for the preparation of skincare masks.

Aims

The preparation and characterization of cosmetic masks based on BC membranes and active cosmetics.

Methods

The masks were prepared by the simple incorporation of the cosmetic actives into BC membranes, used as a swelling matrix. The masks were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), sensory tests, and skin moisture tests on volunteers.

Results

The results of sensory tests revealed the good performance of BC, being considered effective by the panel of volunteers, specially for adhesion to the skin (7.7 at the score scale), and improvement of the skin moisture (the hydration effect increased 76% in 75% of the volunteers that used vegetable extract mask formulation [VEM]), or a decrease in skin hydration (80% of the volunteers showed 32.6% decrease on skin hydration using propolis extract formulation [PEM] treatment), indicating the BC nanofiber membranes can be used to skincare applications.

Conclusion

The results demonstrate the BC can be used as an alternative support for cosmetic actives for skin treatment.

http://ift.tt/2hCMUeH

Recovery of 3-Iodothyronamine and Derivatives in Biological Matrixes: Problems and Pitfalls

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1323-1331.

http://ift.tt/2xQnFvu

Do Lower-Risk Thyroid Cancer Patients Who Live in Regions with More Aggressive Treatments Have Better Outcomes?

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1246-1257.

http://ift.tt/2yNCjBu

Future Meetings

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1339-1339.

http://ift.tt/2xRfTSb

87th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association October 18–22, 2017, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1213-1214.

http://ift.tt/2yNLEJx

Thyroid Hormone Receptor Alpha is Essential to Maintain the Satellite Cell Niche During Skeletal Muscle Injury and Sarcopenia of Aging

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1316-1322.

http://ift.tt/2yOJt8W

Referral Trends for Surgical Management of Graves' Disease

Thyroid Oct 2017, Vol. 27, No. 10: 1337-1338.

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Vol.6,No.5 (September 2017)

Orbital Injury in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Sinonasal Inflammatory Disorders: Juntendo's Ten-Year Experience
Orbital Injury, Orbital Complications, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Orbital Fat
Paper Information Full Paper: PDF (Size:336KB)
DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2017.65009

Catheter in Antrochoanal Polyp: Functions Intact
Antrochoanal Polyp, Catheter
Paper Information Full Paper: PDF (Size:835KB)
DOI: 10.4236/ijohns.2017.65008

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Editorial Board/Reviewing Committee

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Save the Date! Lone Star Rhinology and Rhinoplasty Course Scheduled for November

The Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at UTHealth's McGovern Medical School is proud to sponsor 2017 Lone Star Rhinology... Read the full article...

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Dr. Amber Luong Receives 2017 Helen F. Krause, MD Memorial Trailblazer Award

Amber Luong, MD, PhD, associate professor of otorhinolaryngology, has been recognized with the 2017 Helen F. Krause, MD Memorial Trailblazer... Read the full article...

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ORL Frontiers 2017 Recap

More than 70 physicians and other healthcare professionals attended ORL Frontiers 2017, held last June at the Brown Foundation Institute... Read the full article...

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Factors influencing age of onset of wheezing among children with recurrent wheezing and the association of Vitamin D status with atopic manifestations

Bijay Kumar Meher, Deepti Damayanty Pradhan, S Pradeep, Leena Das, Siba Shankar Beriha, Sumanta Panigrahi

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):76-82

Background: Onset of wheezing before 3 years of age is concerning due to its potential for the development of asthma. Different risk factors, atopic manifestations, and Vitamin D deficiency are attributed to it. Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the factors influencing the age of wheezing onset among children with early-onset recurrent wheezing and the association of Vitamin D status with different atopic manifestations. Subjects And Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 141 children aged from 1 month to 14 years with recurrent wheezing. Onset of wheezing after 36 months was excluded from the study. Different risk factors and atopic manifestations were recorded, and Vitamin D levels were measured. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and regression analysis were done using SPSS version 24.0. Results: Of 141 children, 65 (46.0%) had onset of wheezing at <1 year of age. Children with onset of wheezing <1 year had early age of presentation (29.38 ± 29.35 vs. 46.25 ± 27.77 months) were predominately male (52.1% vs. 47.9%) and had a low birth weight (2688.46 ± 608.84 vs. 2904.61 ± 510.96 g) and high Vitamin D level (22.01 ± 12.63 vs. 16.65 ± 9.05 ng/mL; P < 0.05). In the regression analysis, birth weight, family with >1 sibling, and atopic dermatitis had regression coefficients of 0.393 (P < 0.01), 4.525 (P < 0.01), and −2.970, respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Children with onset of wheezing before 1 year were predominantly male and had a lower birth weight. Vitamin D deficiency does not hasten the onset of wheezing; however, a low birth weight and associated atopic dermatitis hasten the onset of wheezing, and being part of a family with >1 sibling delays onset.

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Swine flu: Brief overview

Saurabh Srivastava, SN Gaur

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):37-37

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Diagnostic and treatment challenges in management of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis

Abhishek Bahadur Singh, Rashmi Upadhyay, Nitesh Tayal

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):38-44

Among infections pertaining to head and neck rhinosinusitis holds a significant position both with regard to the prevalence and morbidity. Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) was initially considered a counterpart of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis when first diagnosed by Sa firstein in 1976 due to its clinical presentations and seemingly similar pathogenesis. Initially only Aspergillus was known as the causative, but now various other fungal species are known to cause chronic rhinosinusitis; hence, the terminology allergic fungal sinusitis was preferred. Exposure to fungi results in similar as asthma in atopic individuals, but then, some nonatopic individuals may also present with similar symptoms. It has also been studied that the presence of serum immunoglobulin E does not ensure the presence of allergy. Till date, there are several controversies regarding pathogenesis, whether humoral or immune mediated, population at risk, variations in presentations, diagnostic parameters, and treatment protocols. In this review, we try to revisit and learn from past documented experiences to further our attempt toward better understanding of the disease process, its diagnosis, and management.

http://ift.tt/2xEwmJn

In silico identification and characterization of putative kuruma prawn (Marsupenaeus japonicus) allergens

Kar Ee Hoh, Venkataramanan Swaminathan

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):87-93

Background: Prawn is one of the major sources of shellfish allergens, which will induce mild to severe allergic reactions. Aim: The objective of this study was to predict putative allergens and its characteristics present in Marsupenaeus japonicus through an in silico approach. Materials And Methods: In this present study, in silico tools, RaptorX, Bepipred Linear Epitope and Parker Hydrophilicity Prediction method, and MHC2Pred were used to predict the putative and cross-reactive allergens, tertiary and secondary structures, B-cell linear epitopes, and T-cell epitopes, respectively. Results: As a result, eight putative and cross-reactive allergens including tropomyosin fast isoform, arginine kinase, sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein, myosin light chain, chymotrypsin like proteinase, superoxide dismutase, cathepsin B, and trypsin were predicted by analyzing the protein sequences of M. japonicus. Furthermore, five amino acids (Ala, Ser, Asn, Gly, and Lys) play a vital role in immunoglobulin E binding allergenic epitope. At least one of them was found in the predicted B-cell epitope for each of the predicted putative allergens. Moreover, the predicted T-cell epitopes were highly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*0101 and HLA-DRB1*0901 alleles while mediating T-cell immune responses. Conclusion: These results can be utilized to contribute in peptide immunotherapy and reduce the allergic diseases related to shellfish.

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Prevalence of aeroallergens in patients of bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis in India based on skin prick test reactivity

Raj Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Indu Bisht, Kamal Singh

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):45-55

Background: Exposures to various aeroallergens play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma (BA) and allergic rhinitis (AR). On the basis of climate change, the prevalence of aeroallergens may vary in different regions. AIMS: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of the sensitivity to aeroallergens among patients with BA and/or AR based on skin prick test (SPT) reactivity in India. Settings And Design: This study was conducted at National Centre of Respiratory Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and Department of Respiratory Allergy and Applied Immunology, (Department of Respiratory Medicine), Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 (India). Subjects And Methods: A total of 4835 patients were screened from the Outpatient Department of institute during the period of August 2008 to July 2016. Out of 4835 patients, 4263 patients were performed SPT consisting of 2361 (55.38%) males and 1902 (44.62%) females, with a mean age of 30.06 years were included in the study. Diagnosis of BA and AR was made according to the GINA and ARIA guidelines, respectively. SPT was done with 58 different types of aeroallergens, which included grass pollens, weed pollens, tree pollens, dust, fungi, insects, kapok cotton, wool, and silk antigens. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using Excel 2007. Results: Significant skin positive reaction (2 + and above) against aeroallergens were found in 1993 (46.77%) participants including 422 (9.9%) BA patients, 570 (13.37%) AR patients, and 1001 (23.48%) of both BA/AR. The younger adults aged 20–29 years were the foremost commonly affected group with 626 (14.68%) significant skin-positive patients. Among individual allergens, most common aeroallergen was mosquito (30.89%) and least common was Ehretia (0.37%). Conclusions: In different states of India, the mosquito was found the most common sensitizing allergen in BA and/or AR patients. Sensitization was the most common in the younger age group (20–29 years) patients.

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Epidemiology of bronchial asthma among children in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

Alhussen F Khawaji, Abdulhameed Basudan, Abdulrahman Moafa, Mohammed Faqihi, Mohammed Alhazmi, Taher A Mahnashi, Yaseen Haddadi, Abuobaida K Yassin

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):69-75

Context: Asthma is a global problem, its prevalence varies among different countries and cities and age groups. In children, asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Aims: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of asthma among children in Jazan Region (JR), Saudi Arabia. Settings And Design: This is study conducted in Jazan region, saudi arabia among school age children. It is a cross-sectional study used a modified international study os asthma and allergy in children questionnaire. Subjects And Methods: The target study population were school age, witth sample size of 1200 distributed to all geographical areas. Statistical Analysis Used: The data had been entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 22.0. Descriptive statistics (e.g., number, percentage) and analytic statistics using Chi-square tests (χ2) to test for the association and/or the difference between two categorical variables will be applied. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The total study population was 1400, most of them were Saudi (1273, 90.9%). Male students were 840 (60.0%), and female students were 560 (40.0%). According to the residency, 811 (57.9%) students were lived in rural, 64.7% of them were male, and 589 (42.1%) of participants lived in urban area. Most of the students lived in plain area (840, 60.0%), and only 16.4% of them lived in mountain area in which 63.5% of them were male. Elementary school students account 54.1% of total students; about 63% of them were male. The prevalence of life-long wheezes was 17.7%. The prevalence of exercise-induced wheeze and wheeze during the last 12 months was 206 (14.7%) and 159 (11.4%), respectively. Students with the past medical history of bronchial asthma were 212 (15.1%), with no clear statistical significant difference in frequency between male and female (P = 0.161). Asthma was confirmed by doctor in 10% of participants. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma among children in JR is slightly higher than those reported from local and regional reports.

http://ift.tt/2xDYpZt

Study of prevalence of bronchial asthma in school children of 6–12 years of age in rural schools of Tumakuru district

Priyadarshini Bai Govinda Naik, Puttaswamy Ravikumar

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):56-60

Context: Pediatric asthma is a serious global health problem. The recent rise in the prevalence of asthma was associated with environmental pollution, urbanization, and the change in demography. Aims: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of asthma in school children of rural parts of Tumakuru district and to study its association with different epidemiological factors. Settings And Design: This study is a questionnaire-based study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-Questionnaire) carried out in four randomly selected rural schools of Tumakuru district. Subjects And Methods: The questionnaire was distributed to all the children (n = 1750) and asked to fill the questionnaire with the help of their parents. These questionnaires were given standard scores to diagnose asthma. Other epidemiological factors were also recorded in the questionnaire and studied. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using MSTAT software. Chi-square test was used to get the P value. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of asthma in our study was 3.12% (n = 51). Boys had a slightly higher prevalence 3.36% (n = 32) than girls 2.8% (n = 19). We found 58.8% (n = 30) of these asthmatics had allergic rhinitis and 19.6% (n = 10) had a history of atopy. Overall prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 8.3% (n = 137) and atopy was 1.13% (n = 23). Conclusions: The study showed 3.12% of children are affected with asthma, and its prevalence is significantly associated with epidemiological factors such as family history of allergy, high socioeconomic status, and use of fire wood for cooking.

http://ift.tt/2fWXTvF

Pediatric peak expiratory flow rate nomograms for Ernakulam district

Jomon Mathew John

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):83-86

Objective: To obtain the normal reference values of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) among healthy school-going children between 8 and 12 years and thereby construct a nomogram. Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy children attending schools in Ernakulam district over a period of 1 year. PEFR values were recorded using a Mini-Wright peak flow meter, and the best of three readings was documented. Results: Nine hundred and fifty-four students were studied. PEFR increases as the age increases. A similar trend was observed across various heights. Nomograms based on age and height were constructed separately for boys and girls. Conclusion: Established baseline values of PEFR in this study can be useful in diagnosing and following asthmatic children in Ernakulam district.

http://ift.tt/2xDGSAR

Improvement in pulmonary functions and clinical parameters due to addition of breathing exercises in asthma patients receiving optimal treatment

Dipti Agarwal, Prem Parkash Gupta, Sushma Sood

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):61-68

Background: Breathing exercises have been described to be useful in asthma management. Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the efficacy of breathing exercises (Pranayamas) in asthma patients using spirometric indices, clinical symptoms parameters, and requirement of rescue medications. Methods: A total of 60 stable asthma patients (34 females) diagnosed and received optimal asthma treatment for 3 months or more according to the GINA guidelines were enrolled. All patients continued their respective medications and in addition performed seven breathing exercises (Surya Bhedana Pranayama, Nadi Shuddi Pranayama, Bhramari Pranayama, Surya Nadi Pranayama, Kapal Bhati, Bhastrika, and Om Chanting) under supervision at Yoga center at our Institute for 3 months after inclusion to study. Spirometry, nocturnal symptoms, and the requirement of rescue medicines were assessed before and after breathing exercise intervention. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the dyspnea and wheezing in the study participants. Results: The mean age of asthma patients was 25.45 ± 5.41 years. After breathing exercise intervention, mean forced expired volume in one second increased from 2.492 ± 0.358 L to 2.745 ± 0.343 L and mean peak expiratory flow rate increased from 283.82 ± 51.12 L/min to 336.23 ± 51.47 L/min; the increases were statistically significant. The mean nocturnal symptoms score decreased significantly from 1.416 ± 1.619 to 0.067 ± 0.362. The requirement of rescue medications decreased significantly from 6.23 ± 2.95 to 0.90 ± 1.25 puffs/week. VAS scores for breathlessness and wheezing were significantly decreased. Conclusions: Breathing exercises provided significant improvements in spirometric parameters and significant reduction in breathlessness, wheezing, and nocturnal symptoms as well as requirements of rescue medicines in asthma patients who were receiving optimal asthma treatment.

http://ift.tt/2fWXNEj

Endobronchial aspergilloma mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma removed through flexible fiber-optic bronchoscopy

P Hari Lakshmanan, Muhammed Jasim Abdul Jalal, Dhanya Jacob, Ami Maria Emmanuel

Indian Journal of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology 2017 31(2):94-96

Endobronchial aspergilloma is a rare, noninvasive aspergillosis. It may be associated with a parenchymal lesion and/or cavity. We describe a case of endobronchial aspergillosis mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma subsequently removed completely through fiber-optic bronchoscope itself. This case report, while highlighting the existence of this unique clinical entity, also throws light on potential treatment option which can be curative.

http://ift.tt/2xEgzKM

Tumor PD-L1 expression is associated with improved survival and lower recurrence risk in young women with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma

Young patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) are often recognized as a distinct epidemiological cohort. In this study, genomic and immune-based metrics were correlated with long-term outcomes for a young patient population treated at a single institution. A fully clinically annotated, retrospective cohort of 81 patients aged ≤45 years with OCSCC is described, and the impact of clinicopathological features on long-term survival outcomes is reported. Genomic and immune parameters were integrated utilizing a whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemical approach among females in the cohort.

http://ift.tt/2yMG9uF

Prognostic factors in head and neck mucoepidermoid carcinoma: experience at a single institution based on 64 consecutive patients over a 28-year period

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignancy of the salivary glands. The clinical behaviour of MEC is largely unpredictable, ranging from indolent tumour growth to highly aggressive metastatic spread. The objective of this study was to determine the clinicopathological predictors of recurrence and survival in patients with head and neck MEC. The medical records of 64 patients who underwent surgical treatment for head and neck MEC between 1982 and 2010 were reviewed. The main outcome measures were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

http://ift.tt/2x1YJBU

Results of the 2016 International Skin Imaging Collaboration International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging challenge: Comparison of the accuracy of computer algorithms to dermatologists for the diagnosis of melanoma from dermoscopic images

Computer vision may aid in melanoma detection.

http://ift.tt/2hD0Jtq

Brimonidine for treatment of telangiectasia of dermatomyositis

http://ift.tt/2woU1cW

Second primary cancer after major salivary gland carcinoma

Abstract

Background

We investigated the risk of second primary cancers after major salivary gland carcinoma in Finland, with a population of 5.5 million.

Methods

Nationwide cancer registry data were used to identify patients with major salivary gland carcinoma diagnosed between 1953 and 2014. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated to compare their second primary cancer risk with the respective site-specific cancer risk in the general population.

Results

There were 1727 patients with major salivary gland carcinomas and 222 second primary cancers had been diagnosed in these patients (SIR 1.43). The risk was increased for cancers of the thyroid (SIR 5.12), breast (SIR 1.63), respiratory organs (SIR 1.63), male genital organs (SIR 1.48), melanoma of the skin (SIR 3.35), and nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR 2.50). The risk was high during the first 5 years and after 20 years of diagnosis.

Conclusion

Second primary cancers can occur among patients with major salivary gland carcinoma even after a long time period. This needs to be recognized in the follow-up of these patients.

http://ift.tt/2xHRpbI

Giardia duodenalis et son implication dans diverses dermatoses

Publication date: Available online 29 September 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): P. Humbert, A. Guichard, I. Bennani, S. Chiheb
ObjectifAu cours de ces trente dernières années, la communauté scientifique s'est de plus en plus intéressée à la flore intestinale, microbiote ou pathogène et son impact sur les autres organes. La possibilité qu'un agent microbien intestinal soit un facteur étiologique de symptômes cutanés n'est plus à démontrer. Un parasite, en particulier, a fait l'objet de nombreuses investigations : Giardia duodenalis. L'objectif de ce travail était de dresser une revue complète des publications démontrant l'implication de G. duodenalis dans diverses dermatoses.MéthodeUne revue de la littérature a été réalisée via différentes bases de données (Medline, Pubmed et Google Scholar) pour la période de 1975 à 2015. Parmi la trentaine de cas décrits depuis 1976, nous en rapportons ici une vingtaine qui nous semblent les plus objectifs et cliniquement pertinents.Résultats et discussionBien qu'il s'agisse le plus souvent de cas isolés, cette revue démontre que la giardiose intestinale peut être associée à des dermatoses variées par l'intermédiaire de mécanismes inflammatoires, allergiques ou d'hyperperméabilité intestinale, voire en être elle-même le facteur étiologique. Les lésions cutanéomuqueuses sont variées : urticaire, angio-œdème, érythème noueux, syndrome de Wells… Le rôle et l'origine de l'infestation étant souvent inconnus, il est alors difficile de déterminer l'intervalle de temps entre l'infestation parasitaire et l'apparition des lésions cutanées. C'est pourquoi il faut discuter un examen parasitologique des selles à la recherche de ce parasite devant une urticaire ou un angio-œdème chronique ou récidivant, une dermatite atopique sévère, voire même proposer un traitement d'épreuve, tant celui-ci est aisé, et les examens de selles peu sensibles.BackgoundOver the last thirty years, the scientific community has become increasingly interested in the intestinal flora, whether commensal or pathogenic, and its impact on other organs. In dermatology, the correlation between intestinal microbial agents and cutaneous lesions is well established. Giardia duodenalis, an intestinal parasite, has been particularly widely studied. The aim of this work is to provide a review of studies demonstrating the involvement of G. duodenalis in various forms of dermatosis.Patients and methodsThe data were obtained by an English-language literature search of Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar for the period 1975–2015. Among the thirty case reports since 1976, we selected the twenty most objective and clinically relevant.Results and discussionThis review demonstrates that intestinal giardiasis may be an etiological factor, either alone or in combination with other agents, of various dermatoses through inflammatory and allergic mechanisms or intestinal hyperpermeability. The mucocutaneous lesions are varied: urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, erythema nodosum, Wells syndrome, among others. The role and origin of the infection are often unknown, and it is thus difficult to determine the interval between parasite infestation and the onset of skin lesions. Consequently, a fecal examination to identify G. duodenalis should be considered in chronic urticaria or angioedema, and where atopic dermatitis occurs in adulthood without any specific etiology. Therapeutic test should be done in every suspicion.

http://ift.tt/2fWxAWD

Diagnostic accuracy of PCR-based detection tests for Helicobacter Pylori in stool samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background

Although different methods have been established to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, identifying infected patients is an ongoing challenge. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide pooled diagnostic accuracy measures for stool PCR test in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Methods

In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out on various sources, including MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, and the Cochrane Library from April 1, 1999, to May 1, 2016. This meta-analysis adheres to the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses report (PRISMA Statement). The clinical value of DNA stool PCR test was based on the pooled false positive, false negative, true positive, and true negative of different genes.

Results

Twenty-six of 328 studies identified met the eligibility criteria. Stool PCR test had a performance of 71% (95% CI: 68-73) sensitivity, 96% (95% CI: 94-97) specificity, and 65.6 (95% CI: 30.2-142.5) diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) in diagnosis of H. pylori. The DOR of genes which showed the highest performance of stool PCR tests was as follows: 23S rRNA 152.5 (95% CI: 55.5-418.9), 16S rRNA 67.9 (95%CI: 6.4-714.3), and glmM 68.1 (95%CI: 20.1-231.7).

Conclusions

The sensitivity and specificity of stool PCR test are relatively in the same spectrum of other diagnostic methods for the detection of H. pylori infection. In descending order of significance, the most diagnostic candidate genes using PCR detection were 23S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and glmM. PCR for 23S rRNA gene which has the highest performance could be applicable to detect H. pylori infection.

http://ift.tt/2yLUzLQ

Dermoscopic features of a case of external dental fistula

http://ift.tt/2x2roBU

Apoptosis induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in human oral cancer cell lines: Involvement of Puma and Bax activation

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 84
Author(s): Hyun-Ju Yu, Ji-Ae Shin, In-Hyoung Yang, Dong-Hoon Won, Chi Hyun Ahn, Hye-Jeong Kwon, Jeong-Sang Lee, Nam-Pyo Cho, Eun-Cheol Kim, Hye-Jung Yoon, Jae Il Lee, Seong-Doo Hong, Sung-Dae Cho
ObjectiveCaffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural honeybee product exhibits a spectrum of biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor actions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the anticancer potential of CAPE and its molecular mechanism in human oral cancer cell lines (YD15, HSC-4 and HN22 cells).DesignTo determine the apoptotic activity of CAPE and identify its molecular targets, trypan blue exclusion assay, soft agar assay, Western blot analysis, DAPI staining, and live/dead assay were performed.ResultsCAPE significantly suppressed transformation of neoplastic cells induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) without inhibiting growth. CAPE treatment inhibited cell growth, increased the cleavages of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and augmented the number of fragmented nuclei in human oral cancer cell lines. CAPE activated Bax protein causing it to undergo a conformational change, translocate to the mitochondrial outer membrane, and oligomere. CAPE also significantly increased Puma expression and interestingly Puma and Bax were co-localized.ConclusionOverall, these results suggest that CAPE is a potent apoptosis-inducing agent in human oral cancer cell lines. Its action is accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and Puma proteins.

http://ift.tt/2ycX9xk

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Σάββατο 30 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017

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