Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): M. Ndiaye, B. Lebrun-Vignes, N. Ortonne, L. Fardet
IntroductionLes vascularites médicamenteuses peuvent être provoquées par une large variété de médicaments. Nous décrivons le cas d'un patient présentant une vascularite induite par l'amiodarone.ObservationUn homme de 57 ans rapportait un prurit d'apparition récente, rapidement associé à de larges plaques érythémateuses inflammatoires et nécrotiques des membres inférieurs et du dos. Ces lésions étaient apparues 6 semaines après l'introduction d'un traitement par amiodarone, prescrit pour des troubles du rythme supra-ventriculaires. Le diagnostic histologique (biopsie cutanée standard et immunofluorescence directe) était celui d'une vascularite avec présence de dépôts d'IgM et de C3 sur les vaisseaux. Le reste du bilan était sans particularité, notamment sans auto-anticorps ni cryoglobulinémie. Le patient imputait ses symptômes à l'introduction récente du traitement par amiodarone et l'arrêtait spontanément, sans avis médical. Aucun autre traitement n'était prescrit. Toutes les lésions, présentes depuis plus de 4 mois, disparaissaient alors rapidement et ne récidivaient pas (recul de 12 mois). Le diagnostic de vascularite médicamenteuse à l'amiodarone était retenu sur des critères d'imputabilité intrinsèque et extrinsèque compatibles et sur un recul de plusieurs mois sans récidive.DiscussionMoins de dix cas de vascularite induite par l'amiodarone sont disponibles dans la littérature médicale. On ne sait pas si cette entité est exceptionnelle, sous-diagnostiquée ou sous-rapportée.BackgroundA wide variety of drugs can cause cutaneous vasculitis. Herein we report a case of immune complex vasculitis induced by amiodarone.Patients and methodsA 57-year-old patient reported a recent history of pruritus associated with large erythematous, inflammatory, necrotic plaques localized on the lower limbs and back. These cutaneous lesions had appeared less than 2 months after initiation of amiodarone for supra-ventricular arrhythmia. Histological and direct immunofluorescence examinations of a skin biopsy sample revealed vasculitis with the presence of IgM and C3 immune complexes in vessels. The remaining laboratory tests were unremarkable (in particular, cryoglobulin and autoantibody tests were negative). The patient himself attributed his symptoms to the recent administration of amiodarone and spontaneously stopped the drug without medical advice. No other therapy was prescribed. Following drug withdrawal, the lesions that had been present for more than 4 months completely disappeared. No recurrence occurred after follow-up of over 6 months. The diagnosis of amiodarone-induced vasculitis was retained.DiscussionFewer than 10 cases of amiodarone-induced vasculitis have been reported in the medical literature. It is not known whether this entity is rare, under-diagnosed or under-reported.
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