Three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry in preschool patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty

Publication date: Available online 16 February 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Veronika Moslerová, Martina Dadáková, Ján Dupej, Eva Hoffmannova, Jiří Borský, Miloš Černý, Přemysl Bejda, Karolína Kočandrlová, Jana Velemínská
ObjectivesTo evaluate facial asymmetry changes in pre-school patients with orofacial clefts after neonatal cheiloplasty and to compare facial asymmetry with age-matched healthy controls.Methods and materialsThe sample consisted of patients with unilateral cleft lip (UCL), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). The patients were divided in two age groups with a mean age of 3 years (n = 51) and 4.5 years (n = 45), respectively, and 78 age-matched individuals as controls. Three-dimensional (3D) facial scans were analyzed using geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics.ResultsGeometric morphometry showed positive deviations from perfect symmetry on the right side of the forehead in the intervention groups and the controls. The UCL groups showed the greatest asymmetric nasolabial area on the cleft-side labia and the contralateral nasal tip. The UCLP group showed, moreover, asymmetry in buccal region due to typical maxillar hypoplasia, which was accentuated in the older group. The BCLP groups showed slightly similar but greater asymmetry than the control groups, except for the philtrum region.ConclusionsAsymmetry of each of the cleft groups significantly differed from the controls. Except for the buccal region in the UCLP and BCLP groups, asymmetry did not significantly increase with age.



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