Zoledronic acid induces site-specific structural changes and decreases vascular area in the alveolar bone

Publication date: Available online 15 March 2018
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Mariana Quirino Silveira Soares, Jeroen Van Dessel, Reinhilde Jacobs, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, Tania Mary Cestari, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Thaís Sumie Nozu Imada, Ivo Lambrichts, Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen
PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of a relevant regiment of zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment for the study of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) on alveolar bone microstructure and vasculature. The subobjective was use three-dimensional imaging to describe site specific changes induced by ZA in the alveolar bone.MethodsFive Wistar rats received ZA (0.6 mg/kg) and five (controls) received saline solution in the same volume. The compounds were administrated intraperitoneally in five doses each 28 days. The rats were euthanized after 150 days of the therapy onset. Mandibles were scanned using a high-resolution (14μm) micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT); decalcified; cut into histological slices (5μm); and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Bone quality parameters were calculated using CT-Analyser (Bruker, Belgium) in two different volumes of interest (VOI) (1.the region between the first molar roots and; 2.the periapical region under the first and second molars apex). Blood vessels density (VD) and bone histomorphometric parameters were only calculated for the region between the roots of the first molar using AxioVision Imaging 4.8 (Carl Zeiss, Germany).ResultsZA treated rats presented a significant increase in percentage of bone volume and density (p<0.05) with thicker and more connected trabeculae. Furthermore, the ZA group also presented a significant decrease in the size of the marrow spaces and nutritive canals and in the VD (p<0.05). In the Micro-CT evaluation, VOI-2 presented better outcomes in measuring ZA effect on alveolar bone.ConclusionZA treatment induced bone corticalization and decreased alveolar bone vascularization. VOI-2 should be preferred for Micro-CT evaluation of the effect of BP in the alveolar bone. The current analysis allows to characterize the effect of ZA on alveolar bone and its vascularization. Results of this analysis may add further knowledge to the understanding of ONJ physiopathology.



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