Cranial growth in infants─a longitudinal three-dimensional analysis of the first months of life

Publication date: Available online 11 April 2018
Source:Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Philipp Meyer-Marcotty, Felix Kunz, Tilmann Schweitzer, Barbara Wachter, Hartmut Böhm, Nina Waßmuth, Christian Linz
PurposeIn the first months of life, any deviation from a physiological growth pattern can cause skull deformity. As there has not been any longitudinal three-dimensional (3D) study investigating the physiological growth of the infant skull, the aim of the present study was to acquire such data.Materials and MethodsWe performed 3D stereophotogrammetric scans of 40 infants without cranial asymmetry at four regular 2-month intervals from the 4^th to the 10^th month of age. Six growth-related parameters (circumference, length, width, height, cranial index [CI; width-length ratio] and total head volume) were used to analyse skull growth longitudinally.ResultsWith exception of the CI, all parameters showed significant increases, with maximum percentage growth from the 4^th to the 6^th month. The CI initially remained unchanged until the 6^th month, before showing a significant reduction that continued throughout the study period. Male infants had larger heads than female infants, but a similar width-length ratio at all measurement times.ConclusionThis prospective study is the first longitudinal 3D analysis to examine the physiological growth dynamics of infants' heads within the first months of life. Understanding patterns of skull growth in all three dimensions is important for gaining further insights into physiological and pathophysiological skull development.



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