Publication date: Available online 14 June 2018
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): M. Merlant, V. Seta, P. Bernard, S. Fourati, J.-F. Meritet, P. Wolkenstein, N. Dupin, P. Joly, O. Chosidow, S. Ingen-Housz-Oro
IntroductionLa surinfection herpétique (SH) est une complication connue mais peu étudiée du pemphigus.ObjectifÉvaluer la fréquence et les circonstances de survenue des SH au cours du pemphigus.MéthodesÉtude rétrospective multicentrique incluant les cas de SH parmi les pemphigus nouvellement diagnostiqués entre 2008 et 2016. Les données cliniques, virologiques, immunologiques et thérapeutiques ont été colligées. Une revue de la littérature sur pemphigus et herpès a été effectuée.RésultatsParmi les 191 pemphigus, un prélèvement herpétique a été pratiqué chez 11 à 71 % des malades selon les centres. Ainsi, une SH a été démontrée chez 24 (12 femmes, âge médian 58 ans), soit une fréquence de SH de 0 à 42 % des patients prélevés selon les centres. Le pemphigus était un pemphigus vulgaire dans 21 cas et le site atteint était muqueux chez 19 malades. La SH était trouvée au moment du diagnostic de pemphigus dans 15 cas. La technique identifiant le virus était une PCR dans 23 des 24 cas (HSV1 dans 22 cas). Dix malades ont reçu par la suite un traitement antiviral préventif. Le suivi médian était de 36 mois (0–89 mois). Treize des 24 malades ont totalisé 23 rechutes de pemphigus. Un prélèvement herpétique a été réalisé lors de 19 rechutes, positif dans 6 cas (31,5 %).ConclusionNotre étude montre une variabilité de fréquence de la SH au cours du pemphigus, reflétant des pratiques de prélèvements différant selon les centres (systématique ou seulement si forte suspicion clinique). L'intérêt pronostique d'un dépistage systématique sur l'évolution du pemphigus reste à démontrer par une étude prospective.BackgroundAlthough herpes superinfection is a well-known complication of pemphigus, it has not been widely investigated.AimTo investigate the frequency and features of herpes infection in patients with ongoing pemphigus.Patients and methodsWe carried out a multicenter retrospective study between 2008 and 2016 in patients with newly diagnosed pemphigus presenting active herpes infection. Clinical, virological, immunological and therapeutic data were collated. We performed a literature review for pemphigus and herpes.ResultsAmong the 191 pemphigus patients, screening for herpes (PCR or culture) was carried out in 11 to 71 % of subjects, depending on the center in question. Twenty-four patients (12 women, mean age 58 years) presented at least one episode of herpes infection. The frequency of positivity ranged from 0 to 42 % by center. Twenty-one cases consisted of pemphigus vulgaris and infection occurred at a mucosal site in 19 patients. Herpes infection was identified at the time of diagnosis in 15 patients and 17 patients received no specific treatment for their pemphigus. The virus was identified using PCR in 23 cases. Ten patients subsequently received prophylactic treatment for herpes. The mean duration of follow-up was 36 months (0–89 months). Thirteen of the 24 patients had 23 relapses of pemphigus; PCR testing for herpes was performed 19 times and was positive in 6 cases (31.5 %).ConclusionOur study showed wide variation in the incidence of herpes superinfection in patients with pemphigus, reflecting the different screening approach at each center (being performed either routinely or only in the event of strong suspicion). The prognostic value of routine screening for herpes in patients with active pemphigus lesions remains to be demonstrated by further prospective investigations.
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